Trade Of Bangladesh PDF

Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination Trade of Bangladesh Selling and purchasing of goods to meet the demands of the people and the related activities are known as trade and commerce. The commodities which we need are not produced or made in one place. As a result, these commodities h...

Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination Trade of Bangladesh Selling and purchasing of goods to meet the demands of the people and the related activities are known as trade and commerce. The commodities which we need are not produced or made in one place. As a result, these commodities have to be distributed and that is trade and commerce. Internal trade The internal trade of our country is the collection of raw material and food crop from village or hat/primary market and the distribution of manufactured industrial goods in the districts, district headquarters, secondary markets and hat. The internal trade is the balance between the demand, supply and consumption of the country. Transport plays an important role in the internal trade of Bangladesh. It is easier to market different types of produced goods through the roads, railways and waterways. Foreign trade At one time the export of raw materials was the characteristics of foreign trade of Bangladesh. At present around 75 percent of foreign exchange earnings are coming from the ready-made garments and knitwear and the amount of agricultural product imports increased whereas the amount of export trade decreased gradually. In the international trade, we have to increase exports for economic development. In view of this we have to increase production, upgrade the quality of products, decrease production cost, decrease export tax, improve transport system, and make advertisement for exportable items is necessary. Bangladesh imports from China, India, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Bangladesh products are exported to USA, UK, Germany, France, Netherlands, Canada and Italy. 1 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination We have natural resources but for lack of capital and technological knowledge the proper utilization of natural resources is not taking place. As a result, imbalance between export and import is taking place. Import and export products In Bangladesh labour intensive export production is gradually increasing. USA is the largest destination of our exporting products. As the main importer of Bangladeshi products, USA was placed at the top most position in the fiscal year of 2016-17. The second biggest importer is Germany, the third is United Kingdom and the fourth is France. The main export goods are: 1. Primary goods: Frozen food, agricultural products, raw jute, tea, other primary goods. 2. Industrial goods: Ready-made garment, knitwear, chemical products, plastic products, leather, handicrafts, jute and jute goods, home textile, shoes, ceramic products and engineering products. In the import sector in Bangladesh, China has the top most position. In the fiscal year of 2018-2019, 29.43 percent of total imports came from China and the next is India while Singapore is in the third position. The main import goods are: 1. The main primary products: Rice, wheat, oil-seeds, crude petroleum, cotton. 2. The main industrial goods: Edible oil, fertilizer, staple fiber, thread, clinker and petroleum products. 3. Capital goods 4. Other goods (Goods which produced at EPZ) 2 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination Development Activities of Bangladesh and Environmental Balance The elements of the environment depend on one another Plants, insects, animals, man live in a harmony in the environment. The dependency is interrupted if the harmony of the environment is altered. Development is very important for any country. Development depends on the economic activities. The economic activity of our country is still dependent on the natural resources. So, the sustainability and development will have to be ensured through the environmental balance. A coordinated effort must be initiated for a lasting environmental development. Development activities and environmental balance Development is very important for a country. Every man and the country want development to raise the standard of living. So some internal developments have to be done for this. These types of development should be conducted in coordination with the environment. So, the development activities should be conducted in such a way that it does not harm the environmental balance. If the road from your house to the school is unpaved or broken, you will see that sometime later it is repaired so that people can move easily. And if you pay your attention a little bit to your surroundings, you will notice that the houses made with tin or wood are being replaced by buildings. When the skill is increased with the demand it is known as development. If we consider it in a larger perspective, we can observe the development of a country like the diagram below: Bridges, dams, culvert, industries, roads, railways are to be built in such a way that cannot affect the natural elements of environment. Bangladesh slopes gradually from north to south. For increasing the road connection form west to east, it is essential to build sufficient numbers of bridges with proper drainage system to avoid flooding. Industrial polutants have polluted different rivers. Industries and housing have been established on the fill up rivers. So, development should be initiated in such a way that it does not affect 3 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination environment and resources. So the development works should be designed in such that they do not affect environment and resources. If a development work around a pond is conducted by cutting the trees around it, it will result in the destruction of small plants, insects and fish. Gradually the pond will be filled up with silt and long term resource gathering will come to an end. At last, the pond will lose its existence. Some development activities of Bangladesh We have known from the previous discussion that increasing the ability according to the demand of man is called development. Darkness is removed by lighting a oil lamp directly. Oil, gas or coals are used to produce the electricity. The electric lights have more power than oil lamp. This change is called development. Various developmental sectors are discussed where Bangladesh is doing good. Development in agriculture sector The economic development mostly depends on the development of agriculture. To ensure the food security, the development of agriculture sector is required. The amount of chemical fertilizer used in agriculture is increasing gradually over the years for the increasing production of food due to the growing demand from the population. The same land is cultivated round the year. What we do for the development of agriculture is given below. 4 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination Development in industrial sector Rapid industrialization is necessary for the progress of social development. The role of industries in the economic development of Bangladesh is very important. The industry sector can be developed in many ways which are mentioned below. Development in transport and communication sector The transport and communication accelerates the development of agriculture and industry. The development of a country depends on transport and communication sector. Well-organized infrastructure and modern transport system are essential for development. The socio-economic development of a country depends on the massive transport development. Information and communication technology has spread over rural areas of Bangladesh. Technology related to internet, mobile phone, television, radio has extended rapidly. Construction of highways, bridges, flyovers and ferry terminals have a profound influence on the development of transport sector. Development in housing sector Development in housing sector depends on the development of other sectors of the country. It is an infrastructural development (fig. 13.1). Housing sector development indicates a coordinated development in safe water supply of drinking water, healthy sanitation system and drainage for sewerage disposal. The housing development means supply of drinking pure water, healthy sanitation system and sewerage disposal infrastructure. 5 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination Development activities in Bangladesh and environment pollution Development is expected by all the countries. The sustainable and environment friendly development brings well-being for the country. We pollute the environment for the lack of knowledge or education, information about environment and for making profit. The main elements of environment are land, water, wind and forest resources. The way the elements of environment are polluted for development has been discussed before. It can be understood easily by a schematic diagram. Result: Insects and micro organism in the soil are affected. The habitats for the small wild animals are destroyed. The plants cannot grow in the polluted soil. As a result, soil turns into desert. Result: The small aquatic plant named plankton, water hyacinth and moss cannot grow. The small fishes which eat these aquatic vegetation suffer from food shortage and this big fishes are in trouble too. 6 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination Result: These unexpected works increase the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and Chlorofluoro carbon (CFC) gas in the air. As a result, it causes greenhouse effect. It raises the normal temperature. It causes less rainfall indirectly. Soil absorbs more temperature. As a result, many areas have been treeless or plantless. Forest resources The forest resource is a great factor which maintains the environmental balance of a country. The total areas of our forest land are around 17 percent. We use wood as fuel and for making furniture, building constructing and industry. The environment is being spoiled as a result of this. The forests are being deforested and the soil is getting exposed. So the soil is eroded rapidly and thus the fertility is decreasing. The result of environmental imbalance The over use of each of these three resources- water, forest, land- affect the balance and environment affected due to the over use of resources. Many aquatic animals and fishes have been extinct by polluted a aquatic system. Many types of forests are extinct now and others are in the process of extinction. Many wild animals have also disappeared. The habitat of foxes, hares and wild cats were destroyed for deforestation which has broken down the food chain. This has negative impact on land ecosystem as well as on society. Over use of natural resources is causing imbalance in the nature. As a result, temperature has increased in summer and has decreased in winter in the northern areas of Bangladesh. Besides frequency of cyclone and tidal waves have increased. Major parts of Shatkhira, Barishal, Narail and Noakhali districts will go under water due to green house effect. Besides, saline water is having access in inland. This will hinder the natural growth of plants(fig.13.2). Landslide is increasing. Resulting in water logging. Indirectly, 7 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination many diseases are increasing such as asthma, skin disease and stomach problem and other infectious diseases. The total environment will be imbalanced if this continues resulting in disaster. So, a tolerable and sustainable environment is desirable. We can save the environmental balance through proper management and awareness. The techniques of keeping the balance of environment We use the natural resources from the environment. The environment will exist if the natural resources are used properly. So, we have to be responsible to maintain the environmental balance by conservation. The environment is damaged everyday. Who will save it? It is our duty to save. We should be careful about the environmental element, use it with great care and compensate the environmental damage. Thus the environment will be preserved. The forest resources also play a great role in the national economy of the environmental balance is maintained. A negative impact is being created due to increasing population, felling the trees for fuel from the forest and deforestation for agricultural purpose are causing negative impact on the environment. The environment may be preserved if soil pollution, air pollution and water pollution are controlled. 8 Bangladesh Studies Class VII Half Yearly Examination The measures which should be taken for conservation of the forest are given below: 1. Extend forest areas by afforestation on the deforested hills and on khas lands. 2. In rural areas plant trees in marginal and an uncultivated pices of land. 3. Afforestation should be done on all the embankments especially of roads and railways. 4. To increase the public awareness for conservation of forest and forest resources. 5. To implement the special projects in preserving the biodiversity. We have to strengthen our fuel security. We have to invent new techniques for energy production using renewable sources as solar, wind, bio-gas, sea, animal, and human energy. To preserve and control the environmental pollution the following steps should be taken: 1. Control the production and use of polyethylene bags. 2. To build up suitable effluent treatment plant for the industries. 3. To implement the conservation of biodiversity. 4. To build up the social forestation. 5. To control air pollution. 6. Save the river movement. 7. To control the use of wood at brick kiln. To ensure sustainable development and to decrease environmental degradation, a coordinated policy, development of organizational structure, introduction of sustainable method to implement the environmental agenda are necessary. 9