Hormonal System PDF

The hormonal system, also known as the endocrine system, is a network of glands and organs that produce hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Key components of the hormonal system: Glands: These orga...

The hormonal system, also known as the endocrine system, is a network of glands and organs that produce hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Key components of the hormonal system: Glands: These organs produce and release hormones into the bloodstream. Major glands include:  ○ Pituitary gland: Often called the "master gland," it controls the activity of other glands. ○ Thyroid gland: Regulates metabolism. ○ Parathyroid glands: Control calcium levels in the blood. ○ Adrenal glands: Produce hormones involved in stress response and other functions. ○ Pancreas: Produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. ○ Ovaries (females) and testes (males): Produce sex hormones. Hormones: These chemical messengers travel through the bloodstream to target cells, where they trigger specific responses. Functions of the hormonal system: Growth and development: Hormones regulate growth and development during childhood and adolescence. Metabolism: Hormones control how the body uses energy. Reproduction: Hormones regulate sexual development and reproductive processes. Homeostasis: Hormones help maintain the body's internal balance. Stress response: Hormones help the body respond to stress. Common hormonal disorders: Diabetes: A disorder affecting the pancreas's ability to produce insulin. Thyroid disorders: Conditions affecting the thyroid gland, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Adrenal disorders: Conditions affecting the adrenal glands, such as Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease.  Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in sex hormones can lead to various reproductive issues.