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MICRO COMPUTERS STANDARD INPUT DEVICES ✓ It’s called “micro” because it’s small enough to fit on a desk, STANDARD INPUT DEVICE: KEYBOARD unlike big computers that take ✓ Keyboard is most common...

MICRO COMPUTERS STANDARD INPUT DEVICES ✓ It’s called “micro” because it’s small enough to fit on a desk, STANDARD INPUT DEVICE: KEYBOARD unlike big computers that take ✓ Keyboard is most commonly used input up a whole room. device. ✓ It is similar like a typewriter which is ✓ These are used for everyday used to enter data in the computer. things like browsing the internet, ✓ It contains sets of keys such as alphabets, playing games, wri ng number & special signs documents, or watching videos. TWO TYPES OF KEYBOARDS Examples include laptops, desktops, tablets, and even ✓ General Purpose Keyboard smartphones. ✓ Special Purpose Keyboard INPUT DEVICES General Purpose Keyboard ✓ Standard keyboard which are used in personal ✓The Input devices are the devices which are used to computers enter the data in the computer system ✓ It contains enough keys which are used in all types of applica ons, so they are known as general ✓Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone are the purpose keyboard. example of input devices ✓ Most popular general-purpose keyboard contains 101 keys. FUNCTIONS OF INPUT DEVICES ✓ The general-purpose keyboard is divided ✓ Accept the data from the outside worlds. into following parts: ✓ Convert that data into computer coded informa on. ALPHANUMERIC KEYPAD ✓ Supply this data to Central Processing Unit for further NUMERIC KEYPAD processing. ARROW KEYS FUNCTION KEYS SPECIAL KEYS ALPHANUMERIC KEYPAD ✓ The centered part of the keyboard is known as alphanumeric keypad ✓ It contains alphabets, numbers & special signs such as *,!, @, #, $, %,* etc. NUMERIC KEYPAD ✓ The right most part of the keyboard is known as numeric keypad. ✓ It contains 0 to 9 numbers & mathema cal signs such as +, *,-, /. ✓ Mainly used for fast data entry in mathema cal applica ons ARROW KEYS PRINT SCREEN: used to print what is currently ✓ Set of four keys up, down, le & right. displayed on the screen. ✓ Used to move the cursor at le & right or up and down on the screen. ▪ INSERT: used to enter text between two ✓ They are referred as “cursor-control” or characters “cursor-movement” keys. ▪ ESC: used to negate current command or FUNCTION KEYS terminate the execu on of the program. ✓ The first line of the keyboard contains a set ALT AND CTRL: used to expand the of 12 keys with name F1 to F12 are known as func onality of keyboard. Basically, used to func on keys. generate shortcuts in different applica on. ✓ Used to generate short-cuts in different so ware package. ▪ NUMLOCK: used toon or off the numeric keypad. SPECIAL KEYS ✓ There are lots of keys that are used for some ▪ CAPSLOCK: used to type the all-inpu ed specific task describes follows: text capitally. ▪ TAB: used for gives mul ple spaces or move SPECIAL PURPOSE KEYBOARD the cursor to next defined posi on. ✓ Special purpose keyboard is used for special purpose applica ons which ▪ ENTER: used for generate the output of any required faster data entry and rapid command. interac on with the computer system. SPECIAL KEYS ✓ For example, ATM used in banks used special purpose keyboard which ▪ SPACE: used to make one blank space between contains a few keys. two words. ▪ BACKSPACE: used to remove the le -most POINTING DEVICES character at cursor posi on. ✓ A computer mouse is a hand-held poin ng ▪ DELETE: used to remove the right-most device that detects two-dimensional mo on character at cursor posi on. rela ve to a surface. ▪ HOME: moves the cursor at the beginning of ✓ It usually contains three or more Bu ons the line. ✓ LEFT bu on is used to point out or select any item by clicking. ▪ END: moves cursor at the end of the line. ▪ PAGE UP: moves or scroll the screen up or ✓ RIGHT BUTTON to generate context menu. previous page of the current page ✓ When user moves mouse across flat surface, the graphic cursor moves on screen. ▪ PAGE DOWN: moves the screen to the next SCROLL WHEEL is a wheel that is located page from the currently displayed page. between the two bu ons on a mouse. It can be used to scroll up and down through text or images. Trackball ✓ It also contains bu ons which are used to select a par cular item on the screen. ✓ To move the graphic cursor on screen, the ball is rolled with the fingers or thumb. ✓ It needs not to move the whole device to move the cursor so it is o en a ached with some keyboards. JOYSTICK ✓ Joys ck is a poin ng device which is works on the same principle of track ball. ✓ It contains a s ck which is placed on the spherical ball. ✓ The s ck is used to move the cursor at desired posi on le or right or backward or forward ✓ A joys ck is similar to a mouse, except that with a mouse the cursor stops moving as soon as you stop moving the mouse. TOUCH SCREEN ✓ A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and loca on of a touch within the display area. ✓ It allows the user to choose from available op ons by simply touching with their figure to the desired icon or menu item displayed on the computer screen. ✓ Touch screens are common in devices such as computers, tablet computers & Smartphone. ✓ The touch screen has two main a ributes: ▪ First, it enables one to interact directly with what is displayed GRAPHICS TABLET ✓ is a computer input device that enables a user to hand draw or paint images, anima ons and graphics, with a special pen-like stylus, similar to the way a person draws pictures with a pencil and paper by hand. ✓ STYLUS is a small pen-shaped instrument whose p posi on on a computer monitor can be detected  COMPUTER BUSINESS APPLICATION LESSON 1 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS 1988 - Compaq laptop with color FIRST GENERATION- ENIAC 1946 – ENIAC 2008 – Macbook Air - thinnest laptop screen First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC 2011 – Dell XPS 15Z – thinnest Windows (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) laptop SECOND GENERATION- TRANSISTORS 1947 - Walter Bri ain and William Shockley invented CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS the transistor at Bell Laboratories. Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic SUPER COMPUTERS switch. ✓ A supercomputer is a very powerful computer that can perform complex THIRD GENERATION- INTEGRATED CIRCUIT calcula ons much faster than regular 1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later computers. became the cofounder of Intel Corp.) Developed the first integrated circuit (silicon ✓ They're used for tasks that chip or microchip). require a lot of processing An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of power, like weather forecas ng, interrelated circuits packaged scien fic research, and modeling together on a single sliver of silicon. simula ons. It is a way of placing mul ple (millions) transistor devices into as single, smaller device, the ✓ Scien sts and researchers use “microchip.” them for tasks that need a ton of brainpower. FOURTH GENERATION- MICRO PROCESSOR MAINFRAME COMPUTERS A microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit ✓ A mainframe computer is a big, powerful computer (CPU) on a single chip. that businesses and organiza ons 1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first use to handle and process a lot microprocessor chip. of data at once. Intel 4004, 108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) ✓ It’s like a giant, super-reliable workhorse that can 2300 transistors manage many tasks at the same me, such as IBM Personal Computer processing millions of transac ons or running mul ple ▪ On August 12, 1981, IBM released their new applica ons. computer, named the ✓Mainframes are o en used by banks, insurance IBM PC companies, and governments to store and process 2004 – IBM sells PC business to Lenovo huge amounts of informa on securely and efficiently Apple Computers 1975 – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak starts Apple MINI COMPUTERS ✓ A minicomputer is like a smaller, less powerful version Computer of a big computer that you might find in a company or 1984 – Apple Macintosh with Graphical User school. Interface (GUI) Laptops MICRO COMPUTERS 1981 – Adam Osborne, produced ✓ A microcomputer is what most the Osborne 11981 people think of as a regular personal computer, like the one