WW1 History Test Review PDF

WWI Unit Test Review/Outline Section A/B: Multiple Choice/True & False Section C: Propaganda Poster Analysis Section D: Short Essay TOPIC NOTES People/Countries Countries and their Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. signific...

WWI Unit Test Review/Outline Section A/B: Multiple Choice/True & False Section C: Propaganda Poster Analysis Section D: Short Essay TOPIC NOTES People/Countries Countries and their Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. significance Triple Entente: France, Britain, Russia. People General Alfred von Schlieffen (the Chief of Staff of the Imperial German Army) He was asked to protect Germany by avoiding a war on two fronts (Against Russia on the east and France on the west.) Created The Schlieffen Plan in case of outbreak of war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia. Colonel Sam Hughes was the Canadian Minister of Militia at the start of WW1. Canada’s government during this time was led by Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden. Big four of the Paris Peace Conference to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles, a treaty that ended WW1: Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, George Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S. The spark that began WW1: The assasination of Austrian heir Archduke Ferdinand and his wife who were killed by a Serbian terrorist group “The Black Hand” in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Gavrilo A Serbian Terrorist group “The Black Hand.” assassinated Austrian Princip/Black Hand heir, Archduke Ferdinand (next to receive the throne) and his wife in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Gavrilo Princip was a Bosnian Serb student who assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife. Triple Alliance The Triple Alliance was an agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed in 1882. Triple Entente The Triple Entente was an agreement between France, Britain, and Russia formed in 1904-1907. Neutral Country at The neutral country at the start of WW1 was Belgium. start of WWI General Von Schlieffen was a German officer and head of the general General Von staff who developed the Schlieffen Plan that the German armies used, Schlieffen/Schlieff at the outbreak of World War 1. en Plan The Schlieffen Plan was created in 1905 and it was Germany’s (W5H-Include why it failed) military strategy in WW1 to quickly defeat France by invading Belgium and then turning to fight Russia, aiming to avoid a two-front war. Who: Developed by General Count Alfred von Schlieffen and the German High Command. What: A military strategy to quickly defeat France and then turn to fight Russia in World War I. When: The Schlieffen Plan was created in 1905 Where: Invading France through Belgium, which Germany saw as the quickest route to Paris.Once they attacked France, they would head to Russia as they expected the Russian army to be unprepared for the war and take 6+ weeks to organize. Why: To avoid a prolonged two-front war against France and Russia, aiming for a swift victory to secure Germany's dominance in Europe. How: By mobilizing the German army in a rapid invasion, relying on speed and surprise to defeat France before Russia could fully prepare. -The Schlieffen Plan failed because Belgians refused to let the German troops pass and began to defend their land. -Schlieffen made 10% of soldiers go to Russia in case they prepared early and made 90% of soldiers head towards France.  -Belgium called in their ally Great Britain to help the British send dreadnoughts filled with soldiers to help Belgium fight the Germans. Sam Hughes Sir Sam Hughes was a Canadian politician and military officer known for his role as Canada’s Minister of Militia and Defence during World War 1. -He was nicknamed “Sir Sham Shoes” because he was known to be cheap… Ex: Made the troops wear shoes with soles made of cardboard, instructed ,men to paint horses black because he did not want to pay more money for black horses, issues broken shovels to soldiers, forced Canadian soldiers to use the ross rifle which was not good for trench warfare as it jammed in mud, seized up during rapid fire, it didn’t work with British bullets, and bullets often exploded before they reached the enemy. -Colonel Sam Hughes was dismissed from the war in 1916 due to his management issues, high casualty rate, and issues in obtaining proper weapons. Douglas Haig Douglas Haig was a British Army officer and senior commander during World War I, best known for his role as the commander of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. He led British forces in several major battles, including the Somme in 1916 and Passchendaele in 1917. Arthur Currie Arthur Currie was a Canadian army officer who led Canadian troops in World War I. He was known for his role in key battles like Vimy Ridge in 1917 and for using effective tactics. After the war, he continued to serve in the military and helped with post-war efforts. He was the first Canadian to command the Canadian Corps. Leader of The emperor of Germany during WW1 was Kaiser Wilhem II. He Germany during was the German emperor until 1918 after the war ended. WWI Communist Group -Russians are not happy with the government so the people supported Responsible who a new political party through a revolution that would later become started the known as Communists. Russian Revolution -New government, the Bolsheviks (Communist Party) were placed in during WWI power, Russia drops out of the war = 1 less ally for the Triple Entente. Prime Minister of The Prime Minister of Canada during WW1 was Sir Robert Borden. Canada during WWI -Prime Minister Borden created the “Military Service Act” which legalized conscription; all men between ages 20-45 had to enlist in the war. President of USA The President of the United States during World War I was Woodrow during WWI Wilson. -Woodrow Wilson created a speech outlining his vision for stable peace in Europe and the world following WW1. -His speech called for unselfish peace terms for both sides involved in the war. -Woodrow’s ideas also gave birth to the League of Nations which was the model for the United Nations which came into existence after WW1. Leader of Russia The leader of Russia before 1917 was Tsar Nicholas II. before 1917 -Russians were not happy with the government which was Monarchy-Czar Nicholas II, so they supported the Communist Party. Events and their M-Militarism/Arms Race: Significance -Britain had the largest Navy to protect its empire M.A.I.N. -Germany wanted a navy too, to acquire colonies and then protect them. -Britain saw Germany’s naval growth as a direct threat. -Britain’s navy/warships were called Dreadnoughts. Assassination of A-Alliances Franz Ferdinand -An alliance is an agreement or treaty between countries to cooperate (W5H) to protect each other. -Triple Entente: France, Britain, Russia. -Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. I-Imperialism -A nation tries to control other loads by political, economic, or military means. -When a country wants to build an empire by expanding their land. -Britain and Germany fighting for control of colonies in Africa. -The Austrians feared Serbia/Russia in the Balkans. N-Nationalism -Nationalism is thinking your country is better than other countries and putting the interests of other countries first. -The loyalty of the citizens is blind = citizens supported their nation regardless of the consequences of their actions/decisions -Extreme nationalists would die and kill for their country. The SPARK! Who: -Austrian heir, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. -Serbian terrorist group “The Black Hand.” -Man who killed Ferdinand and his wife , Gavrilo Princip What: -Austrian heir, Archduke Ferdinand and his wife (who was next to receive the throne), was killed by a Serbian Terrorist group “The Black Hand" in Sarajevo, Bosnia. When: -June 28, 1914.  Where: -Sarajevo, Bosnia. Why: Princip aimed to promote South Slavic independence from Austro-Hungarian rule. He viewed Ferdinand as a symbol of oppression. How: -The assassination was part of a planned attack by the Black Hand. After an initial failed bombing attempt earlier in the day, Princip later encountered Ferdinand's caravan and fired two shots, killing him and Sophie. Battle of Ypres When: (W5H) April-May 1915 Where: Ypres, Belgium Who: France, Britain, Canada VS. German Empire. What: Germans released cylinders of chlorine and mustard gas. Unprepared, the French division fled, leaving the Canadians to fight. Why: The Battle of Ypres was crucial for supply lines in Belgium and saw the first large-scale use of poison gas. It resulted in heavy casualties and became a symbol of Allied resistance in World War I. How: The battles featured trench warfare, heavy casualties, and the use of chemical weapons by the Germans. The first battle ended in a stalemate, while later battles caused significant losses for both sides. Battle of Somme -Somme, France (W5H) -Western Front. -Led by general douglas haig. -1916. British VS French Vimy Ridge -France. (W5H) -Led by Canadian troops. -1917. Canada vs German Passchendaele -Near Ypres, Belgium. (W5H) -1917. -led by Douglas Haig -Rained a lot, which led to very muddy conditions/ Conscription/ Consctiption, also known as military service act was created by Military Service Act Canadian Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden in 1917. -This law applied to men 20-45, had to be at least 5’3, good vision, good feet, healthy teeth. -This law was created because too many casualties, and no men were joining. -Some people supported consciption while others didn’t. The people that supported it were British Canadians, as they saw it as a way to support their country. The people that disagreed with is were Pacifists, refugees, farmers, factory workers. Military Voters Act The Military Voters Act allowed people serving in the war to vote. It also allowed women serving in the war as nurses to vote. This was the first time women were allowed to vote. This act was introduced in 1917. War Time The War Time Elections act allowed women who had male relatives Elections Act serving in the war to vote. This law was introduced in 1917. Sinking of the The Lusitania , which was a British ship, was torpedoed by German Lusitania 1915 U-Boats. Many people were killed and injured during this event. This prompted the United States to join the war in 1917 as they were USA joins the allies with Britain. War (W5H) In 1917, U-Boat fighting resumed after it was previously stopped due to the sinking of the Lusitania so extra precautions were being taken. The fighting was resumed by Germany. This broke trust between Germany and the United States. Who: The United States What: The United States joined the war When: 1917 Where: Germany Why: United States joining after the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 triggered them into joining the war in 1917. How: President Woodrow Wilson asked for declaration of the war. Halifax Explosion The Halifax explosion occurred in 1917. This event occurred after the Mont Blanc, carrying explosives for the Allied Powers collided with another ship and caught on fire then exploded. The explosion injured 9000 people and killed 2000. This event changed many countrie’s perspectives on Germany during WW1. End of WWI WW1 started on July 28, 1914. (armistice and date Ended on November 11, 1918. of the end of the Armistice was between Germany and the allies to stop fighting. war) Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919. It agreed to peace between all countries, and no more fighting. Signed by leaders of countries such as Italy, France, Britain, and the United States. Treaty aimed to create peace but angered Germany. Signed at the Palace of Versailles. League of -Created by Woodrow Wilson Nations/14 Points -League of Nations led to creation of United Nations later on. -14 points were stating that countries need to have peace between each other. Roles of Women Nurses: -Usually single women in their early 20’s to 30’s. -Brave women who had to serve on the front lines. -Had to assist soldiers in tending to wounds, surgeries, ensuring that soldier’s wounds did not become infected. -Were called bluebirds because of their white veil and blue dresses. Farmers and Factory Workers: -Many women took on the roles of men during the war and became farmers and factory workers. -The women were paid much less than the men and had to wear a special uniform. Suffrage “The federal government granted limited war-time suffrage (right to vote) to some women in 1917 and followed with full suffrage in 1918, at least, granting it on same basis as men, that is, certain races and status were excluded from voting in federal elections prior to 1960” Themes and their significance Life in the trenches -Cramped -Rats -Lice -Makeshift beds -Wet ground leading to trench foot. -Bad smell Shell shock Doctors tending to soldiers noticed soldiers suffering from shell shock which is now known as ptsd. Symptoms were.. -Hallucinations -Irritable -Nightmares  -Anxiety -Depression Canadian Homefront Everything the Canadians did who were not fighting in the war. Such as… -Propaganda posters forcing Canadian men and women to serve as nurses and soldiers. -Victory bonds: giving money to make profit after the war. -Foods and supplies were taken cautiously so the rest were taken to the soldiers. -Factories were creating weapons and supplies for the soldiers, creating many new jobs such as the “Bomb Girls”. Western Front -Canadian soldiers were fighting constantly in harsh conditions. -A variety of diseases went around due to the poor conditions, such as trench foot. -Lice -Had little to no food , constantly starving -Western Front was a major battlefield located in the West on Europe. 1917 -Conscription was introduced in 1917. Why was it -German U-Boat fighting resumed in 1917. significant? -Explosion of Mont Blanc in Halifax in 1917. -Military Voters Act was Introduced in 1917. -U.S. joined the war in 1917. Technology in Radio: Enhanced communication between soldiers WWI Tanks: Ability to move through rough terrain and attack Chemical gas: Able to blind soldiers, create wounds. Machine guns: Rapid gunfire creating more casualties. Propaganda Propaganda posters persuaded men to become soldiers, and Posters and persuaded women to become nurses. Victory Bonds Victory Bonds: Citizens sending money to help in the war. After the war was done and they invested their money, they would make a profit off of it. Treatment of marginalized Marginalized people: (people who were Women were not respected and paid less than men. discriminated Asian and Black people who fit the perfect description of a good against) groups like soldier were rejected just because of their race. minorities and Indigenous peoples often fought in the war but were never women acknowledged for their good efforts. Zimmerman Zimmerman telegram was a secret communication from Germany to Telegram Mexico to attack the United States. Germany told Mexico that if they fought the US, Germany would reward them with Texas and Arizona. Creeping Barrage Technique used in war of Vimy Ridge. Creeping barrage was multiple shots of shellfire near the enemy moving forward, forming a shield. Mock Battle Plan Soldiers would rehearse their battle plan.  Propaganda Techniques 1. Name Calling: name-calling propaganda is based on putting the other party down. 2. Stereotyping: this propaganda method highlights stereotypes and then either reinforces or shatters them with the message in the advertisement. 3. Deification: This is when an idea is made to appear holy, sacred, or very special and therefore above all law. 4. Transfer: Transfer is when a symbol that carries respect, authority, sanction, and prestige is used along with an idea or argument to make it look more acceptable The agenda behind this tactic is to irrationally tie the audience’s positive associations to a completely unrelated concept. Transfer propaganda relies on symbolism to push its target audience to make illogical connections. 5. Testimonial: When someone famous/infamous (a major public figure or celebrity claims that an idea or product is good (or bad). This technique is used to convince us without examining the facts more carefully. 6. Plain Folks: This is a way that a speaker convinces an audience that an idea is good because they are the same ideas of the vast majority of people like yourself. 7. Bandwagon: This common propaganda method is when the speaker tries to convince us to accept their point of view or else we will miss out on something/feel left out. The Band-Wagon technique is often used in advertising. 8. Scapegoat: This transfers blame to one person or group of people without investigating the complexities of the issue. 9. Fear appeals: The agenda behind these types of propaganda ads and messages is to scare people into taking the desired action.