HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS.pdf

HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia - Discoverer of a method of solving cubing equations...

HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia - Discoverer of a method of solving cubing equations - ∑, 𝑓ሺ𝑥ሻ, 𝝅, 𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS Leonard Euler - Introductio in Analysin Infinitorum – most important text of the late 18th Location: Civilization Writing Numerical Key Contributions century System System - Leading figure in introducing rigour to mathematical analysis via epsilon- MESOPOTAMIAN Mesopotamia (Tigris Babylonian Cuneiform Sexagesimal Plimpton 322 – clay delta notation and Euphrates (Base-60) tablet - Intuition is not always reliable rivers) 𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ - Gave an example of a function that is continuous at every point but nowhere EGYPTIAN Nile Valley Egyptian Hieroglyphic Geometry Karl Weierstrass differentiable and Hieratic Rhind Papyrus - - Proved the Isoperimetric Inequality (cursive) Hieratic script, 84 - Disproved Dirichlet’s principle problems - Complex analysis via series -contrast to Riemann’s geometric approach, via illustrating Riemann’s surfaces Egyptian - Outstanding Indian Mathematician of Modern Times mathematics Srinivasa Ramanujan - Considered genius for inexplicable ability in handling series and continued Moscow Papyrus - fractions Formula for the - Remembered for his use of complex numbers in trigonometry volume of a Abraham De Moivre - Doctrine of Chances truncated pyramid - Stirling’s Formula GREEK Greece Greek Mathematical proof - Leading English Mathematician before Newton John Wallis - Cavalieri’s method of indivisibles - First made use of negative and fractional indices Girard Desargues - Desargues’ Theorem – basis of projective geometry GREEK MATHEMATICIANS CONTRIBUTIONS Charles Richter - Magnitude Scale (Richter’s Scale) - First true mathematician - Used 2𝑝 − 1 to find a formula for prime numbers Thales of Miletus Marin Mersenne - Theorem of Thales – an angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right triangle - Mersenne primes – prime numbers Phytagoras of Samos - Phytagorean theorem - Elements Euclid - Father of Geometry - Third Great Hellenistic Mathematician Apollonius of Perga - Conics – ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola as sections of a circular cone Hypatia if Alexandria - First Woman Mathematician MATHEMATICIANS CONTRIBUTIONS - Real numbers from the rational numbers Richard Dedekind - Abstract algebra Rene Descartes - Cartesian coordinates Henry Briggs - Common logarithm George Cantor - Set theory George Benard Dantzig - Linear programming Gaspard Monge - Descriptive geometry Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev - Proved Bertrand’s postulate Charles Babbage - Inventor of Mechanical Calculators Girolamo Cardano - Ars Magna - One of the founders of Mathematical Analysis Augustin-Louis Cauchy - Pioneer of complex analysis - Cours d’Analyse - Father of Modern Algebraic Notation Francois Viete - Created the first symbolic algebra - Proved the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra - Proved the Theorem of Quadratic Reciprocity Carl Friedrich Gauss - Developed the Theory of Curved Surfaces using differential geometry - Disquisitiones Arithmeticae – book that influence the number theory - Have a major contribution to the Theory of Equations before he was shot in Evariste Galois a duel and died Bonaventura Cavalieri - Indivisibles – method for calculating areas and volumes