History of Jazz PDF

# History of Jazz ## Worksongs until today's Jazz ### Performers at HJS sponsored events are shown in red | Year | Style | Performers | |---|---|---| | 1890 | Worksongs | Scott Joplin, W.C. Handy, Jelly Roll Morton | | 1900 | Gospel | Kid Ory, Eubie Blake, King Oliver | | 1930 | Blues/Early Jazz...

# History of Jazz ## Worksongs until today's Jazz ### Performers at HJS sponsored events are shown in red | Year | Style | Performers | |---|---|---| | 1890 | Worksongs | Scott Joplin, W.C. Handy, Jelly Roll Morton | | 1900 | Gospel | Kid Ory, Eubie Blake, King Oliver | | 1930 | Blues/Early Jazz | Louis Armstrong, King Oliver, Sidney Bechet, Buddy Bolden, Fletcher Henderson | | 1945 | Swing | Chick Webb, Lionel Hampton, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Earl Hines, James P. Johnson, Glenn Miller | | 1949 | Bebop | Charlie Parker, Benny Goodman, Dizzy Gillespie, Artie Shaw, Lionel Hampton, Sonny Rollins, Thelonious Monk, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Bill Evans | | 1950 | Cool Jazz | Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Wes Montgomery, Wayne Shorter, Freddie Hubbard | | 1960 | Latin | Stan Getz, Mongo Santamaria, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Tito Puente | | 1969 | Free Jazz | HJS Founded, Wynton Kelly, Bill Evans, Cal Tjader, Willie Bobo, Gonzalo Rubalcaba | | 1972 | Fusion | Paul Brown, Oscar Peterson, Bill Evans, Dave Brubeck, Randy Weston, Dexter Gordon, Horace Silver, McCoy Tyner | | 1980 | Funk | Frank Foster, Art Pepper, Phil Woods, Dexter Gordon, Bill Evans, Jackie McLean, Archie Shepp | | 2000 | Smooth, Acid | Kenny Barron, James Moody, Jim Hall, Monty Alexander, Carmen Lundy, Kenny Garrett | | Today | | Cyrus Chestnut, Christian McBride, Joe Lovano, Russell Malone, Jimmy Greene, Joel Frahm, Tommy Flanagan, Steve Davis | ## Origin Story Jazz developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, mainly in the African American communities of New Orleans. The fusion of African rhythms, European harmonies, and musical elements of other cultures led to the emergence of this unique genre. ### Early Forms and Styles * **Worksongs:** Created during the period of slavery in the United States. African slaves sang them while working on plantations, from around the middle of the 17th century to the abolition of slavery in 1865. * **Gospel:** Developed in African American churches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Strongly influenced by spirituals that were sung during the time of slavery, it emerged as a distinct genre towards the end of the 19th century, gaining popularity in the early 20th century. Links: * **Worksongs**: * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1O2X890tig * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MwQcm4eH18 * **Gospel:** * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oFcFz1T7Tw * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I49N8U3d0Bw&list=PLl6Kpug5S7PM0fQM BuVZ7GTiHMqdIjn4q * **Ragtime:** Originated in the 1880s and 1890s, reaching its peak in the early 1900s. Defined by its piano style with an offbeat rhythm. * **Blues:** Developed in African American communities in the American South in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Inspired by the life experiences and emotions of the people during that time, it became popular in the 1910s and continued to evolve in the 20th century. Links: * **Ragtime:** * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAtL7n_-rc * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEOMK-P3hMI * **Blues:** * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85BvT5X6WSo&list=RDQMBY7cbJkUH-o&start_radio=1 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Bo3f_9hLkQ * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AN3pxrRzMM * **Dixieland Jazz:** Emerged in New Orleans in the early 1900s. Focused on collaborative improvisation with instruments like trumpet and clarinet. * **Swing Jazz:** Developed in the 1930s, characterized by danceable rhythms and big bands. Links: * **Dixieland Jazz and New Orleans:** * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eUzdTF3P2M * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbn_LTcRIX8 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jft3BVoxqjo * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alzPbV61sOM * **Swing:** * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI-0E_jses * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2S11_ien6A * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cb2w2m1JmCY ## Bebop Era and Modern Jazz Bebop arose in the 1940s, based on fast tempos, complex harmonies, and individual improvisation. Smaller ensembles like trios and quartets were typical. Key figures include Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Thelonious Monk. Modern Jazz followed in the 1950s and 1960s, experimenting with harmonies and structures. Miles Davis and John Coltrane were prominent representatives. Simultaneously, Cool Jazz emerged as a reaction to bebop and modern jazz. It emphasized a slower, more relaxed style with a focus on subtle harmonies and melodies. Miles Davis, Chet Baker, and Dave Brubeck were responsible for its development and popularity in the late 1940s and 1950s. Links: * **Bebop:** * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPACdaj3t0Q * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0KeCRirEoU * **Cool Jazz:** * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqNTItOGh5c * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuMzUXPEPRM * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT9Eh8wNMkw