Histo.Practical.pdf

. Histo practical [ 1 year ] st DR.KANDEEL 1. Questions related to Exams: 1-Identify 2- Special stain (If found) 3- Arrows 4- Characters DR.KANDEEL 2. Cartilage DR.KANDEEL 3 ...

. Histo practical [ 1 year ] st DR.KANDEEL 1. Questions related to Exams: 1-Identify 2- Special stain (If found) 3- Arrows 4- Characters DR.KANDEEL 2. Cartilage DR.KANDEEL 3  1 3 4 2 Identify: Hyaline cartilage 1: Fibroblast 2: Chondroblast 3: fibrous layer 4: Chondrogenic layer * 3, 4 called perichondrium DR.KANDEEL 4  1 2 1, 2 called : Perichondrium 1: Outer fibrous layer 2: Inner cellular(chondrogenic)layer * Characters of perichondrium: - capsule structure of dense connective tissue - covering the cartilage DR.KANDEEL 5  1 2 3 4 Identify: perichondrium 1: outer fibrous layer 2: inner chondrogenic layer 3: Chondroblast 4: Chondrocytes DR.KANDEEL 6 1 2 1: Chondroblast 2: Chondrocytes DR.KANDEEL 7 Structure , site of Cartilage cells: 1. Chondroblast: -Site: under perichondrium and parallel to it - shape: oval in shape 2. chondrocytes: - site: - deeper in the matrix of cartilage. - exist in lacunae - May appear in groups ( cell nests ) - shape: rounded in shape. DR.KANDEEL 8 Identify: Chondrocytes DR.KANDEEL 9  3 1 2 Identify: hyaline cartilage 1: Chondrocytes 2: Lacuna 3: Matrix: basophilic and clear as fibers cannot be seen though still present DR.KANDEEL 10  ?????? Identify: Hyaline cartilage DR.KANDEEL 11 Identify: Hyaline cartilage 1: Perichondrium 2: Chondroblast 3: chondrocyte inside lacuna Arrow: matrix DR.KANDEEL 12  1 2 3 1 Identify: Elastic cartilage 1: Perichondrium 2: chondrocytes 3: Elastic fibers DR.KANDEEL 13 - Characters of Elastic cartilage: Site: 1- ear pinna, external auditory canal 2- eustachian tube and epiglottis. Matrix: elastic fibers with collagen fibrils type ΙΙ. Stains: orcein, Van gieson stain DR.KANDEEL 14  2 2 2 1 Identify: Elastic cartilage 1: Perichondrium 2: skin DR.KANDEEL 15  1 2 3 4 Identify tissue : Elastic cartilage Stain: Van Gieson 1: collagen fibers 2: layer called : perichondrium 3: matrix (elastic fibers) 4: chondrocytes in lacunae DR.KANDEEL 16  1 1 2 3 Identify: Elastic cartilage Stain: Van Geison (stain elastic fibers) 1:layer called : perichondrium 2: Chondrocyte inside lacunae 3: Elastic fiber DR.KANDEEL 17  3 1 2 Identify: elastic cartilage Stain: Verhoeff stain: make elastic fiber blue 1: chondrocytes 2: lacunae 3: Elastic fiber DR.KANDEEL 18  1 2 Identify: elastic cartilage with deep blue fibers stain: Verhoeff stain 1: Chondrocytes inside lacunae 2: elastic fibers DR.KANDEEL 19 Bone DR.KANDEEL 20 Identify: Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor)cells characters: Flat cells, Flat nucleus, Pale basophilic cytoplasm DR.KANDEEL 21 Identify: osteoblasts (bone forming cells) Characters: Cuboidal cells, Eccentric nucleus, Dark basophilic cytoplasm -ve golgi image near the nucleus Site: under the periosteum - forming single layer also under endosteum DR.KANDEEL 22 Identify: osteocytes (mature bone cells) Characters: Oval cells with minute processes Oval nuclei, Lightly basophilic Site: single in small lacunae DR.KANDEEL 23 Identify: Osteoclasts (Bone destroying cells) Characters: large, irregular have brush border Multinucleated cell (6-12) Foamy acidophilic cytoplasm Site: On bone surface within a cavity called howship’s lacunae DR.KANDEEL 24  1 2 Identify: LM of bone tissue 1: osteoblast 2: osteocytes DR.KANDEEL 25  2 1 Identify: LM of bone tissue 1: osteoclasts 2: Bone DR.KANDEEL 26 A: osteoclasts Characters: large cell, multinucleated , within a cavity called howship’s lacunae B: Osteoblast Characters: Cuboidal cells, Eccentric nucleus Dark basophilic cytoplasm DR.KANDEEL 27  1 3 2 1: Bone 2: Osteoclasts 3: Osteoblasts DR.KANDEEL 28  1 2 3 1: bone lamellae 2: osteocyte inside lacunae 3: cytoplasmic processes inside canaliculi DR.KANDEEL 29  1 2 Identify: EM of osteocyte inside lacuna 1: Nucleus 2: Cytoplasmic process extending into small canaliculi DR.KANDEEL 30 Identify: EM of osteoclast DR.KANDEEL 31  eee Identify: TEM showing osteoclast , osteoblast and osteocyte inside lacunae Red arrow: indicates ruffled border of the osteoclast DR.KANDEEL 32 Identify: Diagram showing structure of compact bone DR.KANDEEL 33  1 8 7 2 6 5 3 4 1: outer circumfrential lamellae 2: haversian system 3: Endosteum 4: Inner circumferential lamellae 5: volkmann canal 6: Interstitial lamellae 7: haversian canal 8: periosteum DR.KANDEEL 34 1 2 Identify: LM of compact bone 1: Haversian canal 2: cells: Osteocyte inside lacunae DR.KANDEEL 35  2 1 Identify: Decalcified compact bone 1: Haversian canal 2: Lacunae within osteocytes DR.KANDEEL 36 Identify: cancellous (spongy) bone DR.KANDEEL 37 Characters of cancellous (spongy) bone: branching and anastomosing bone trabeculae with bone marrow spaces in between them. Haversian systems are absent Cancellous bone is covered by periosteum DR.KANDEEL 38  1 2 Identify: LM of spongy cancellous bone 1: Irregular bone trabeculae 2: Bone marrow cavity DR.KANDEEL 39 Identify: LM of spongy (cancellous ) bone 1: Bone trabeculae 2: Bone marrow cavity DR.KANDEEL 40  1: Bone trabeculae 2: Bone marrow 3: osteocytes inside lacunae DR.KANDEEL 41  3 1 2 Identify: Ground bone 1: canaliculi 2: haversian canals 3: osteocyte lacunae DR.KANDEEL 42 Ground bone: 1- The bone is left to dry, so all organic materials & cells will die. 2- The bone is cut into thin pieces and examined under the microscope (without staining). 3- The empty spaces (canals, lacunae and canaliculi) appear black DR.KANDEEL 43  1 2 3 Identify: Ground bone 1: canaliculi 2: haversian canals 3: lacuna of osteocyte DR.KANDEEL 44 Identify: Ground bone DR.KANDEEL 45 Identify: growing bone DR.KANDEEL 46  1 2 3 4 5 Identify: Epiphyseal plate 1: resting zone 2: proliferating zone 3: Hypertrophic zone 4: calcification zone 5: ossification zone DR.KANDEEL 47 The epiphyseal plate a) Resting zone : hyaline cartilage b) Proliferating zone (in number): chondrocytes divide and increase in number and become arranged in parallel rows c) Hypertrophic zone ( in size): Chondrocytes are swollen. d) Calcification zone: Chondrocytes deposit calcium in matrix ,so cartilage cells die leaving empty spaces e) Ossification zone: bone tissue appears. (irregular bone trabeculae) DR.KANDEEL 48  1 2 3 4 Identify: Growing bone 1: Hyaline cartilage 2: parallel rows of chondrocytes 3: swollen chondrocytes 4: Empty spaces after chondrocyte death DR.KANDEEL 49  1 2 3 4 1: Hyaline cartilage 2: parallel rows of chondrocytes 3: swollen chondrocytes 4: Empty spaces after chondrocyte death DR.KANDEEL 50 Identify: growing bone DR.KANDEEL 51 Muscle DR.KANDEEL 52 Identify: skeletal muscle DR.KANDEEL 53  1 2 3 5 4 Identify: LS of skeletal muscle fibers 1: nucleus 2: striations 3: muscle fibers 4: perimysium 5: blood vessels DR.KANDEEL 54 ❖LS of sk.ms fibers Shape: long, cylindrical and parallel to each other Nucleus : multinucleated, elongated and peripheral Sarcoplasm : deeply esoinophillic shows transverse striations DR.KANDEEL 55 Identify: LS of skeletal muscle fibers by LM DR.KANDEEL 56 Identify: TS of skeletal muscle fibers by EM DR.KANDEEL 57  1 2 3 Identify: TS of skeletal muscle fibers Shape: polygonal Nuclei: located just beneath the sarcolemma 1: Epimysium 2: Endomysium 3: Perimysium DR.KANDEEL 58 Identify: structure of myofibril DR.KANDEEL 59 structure of myofibril Arranged in the form of alternating dark (A) and light (I) bands. Each I band is bisected by a dark line called Z line. Each A band is bisected by a pale zone called H zone, which in turn bisected by dark M line. Sarcomere: the functional unit of the muscle portion between 2 successive z lines DR.KANDEEL 60 Identify: structure of myofibril DR.KANDEEL 61  1 2 3 Identify: Sk. MS by EM showing sarcomere 1: Z-line 2: I-band 3: A-band DR.KANDEEL 62  1 2 3 Identify: cardiac muscle by LM 1: Intercalated disc 2: cross-striations 3: Nuclei DR.KANDEEL 63 Cardiomyocyte (Structure by LM) : Shape: cylindrical cells, branch, anastomose with each Nucleus : single , oval and central Sarcoplasm: acidophilic, transverse striations - myocytes are attached to each other by intercalated disc. DR.KANDEEL 64 Identify: cardiac muscle by LM Arrow: Intercalated disc Structure of arrow: densely stained clear lines DR.KANDEEL 65  1 2 3 3 4 1: Intercalated disc : present at irregular intervals, step-like pattern. 2: desmosome 3: Gap junction 4: cardiac ms fiber DR.KANDEEL 66 Identify: EM of cardiac muscle showing (D): intercalated disc DR.KANDEEL 67  1 2 3 Identify: Intercalated discs by EM 1: Gap junction (lateral component) 2: opposing plasma membrane 3: desmosome ( transverse component) DR.KANDEEL 68 The intercalated disc by electron microscope : transverse component: - crosses the cardiac myofibers - has two types of cell junctions: desmosomes and adherent junctions. The lateral component : - Parallel to longitudinal axis of myofibers - has gap junctions DR.KANDEEL 69  2 1 Identify: Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle by EM 1: lateral component 2: transverse component DR.KANDEEL 70