Hematology 311 Samplex PDF

HEMATOLOGY 311 SAMPLEX Basic Hematological Methods of Examination | Quality Assurance | Collection of Blood Specimen What is the basic screening test Immature WBCs and...

HEMATOLOGY 311 SAMPLEX Basic Hematological Methods of Examination | Quality Assurance | Collection of Blood Specimen What is the basic screening test Immature WBCs and What can a WBC differential count and one of the most frequently CBC abnormalities, which may detect? ordered laboratory procedures? indicate potential issues. What test measures the number of Besides WBC, what else can be RBCs and platelets. WBCs in your body and helps WBC Count seen in a differential count? detect hidden infections? The volume of packed RBCs What does a hematocrit test Which test is used to find out how that occupies a given volume measure? many red blood cells (RBCs) you RBC Count of whole blood. have? What is the purpose of a To assess the erythropoietic What test measures the reticulocyte count? activity of the bone marrow. concentration of hemoglobin in HGB Determination the blood? Whole blood, anticoagulated with EDTA, is stained with a How is a reticulocyte count What test measures the number of supravital stain like new performed? WBCs in your body, detects methylene blue or brilliant hidden infections, and helps White Blood Cell (WBC) cresyl blue. monitor the effectiveness of Count chemotherapy or radiation What does the Erythrocyte The rate at which red blood treatment in cancer patients? Sedimentation Rate (ESR) cells sediment in a period of measure? one hour. What test measures the number of WBCs in your body, is often It is a common hematology What is the purpose of the ESR included in CBC, detects hidden test and a nonspecific White Blood Cell (WBC) test? infections, and helps monitor the measure of inflammation. Count effectiveness of chemotherapy or radiation treatment in cancer What is the purpose of a Quality patients? Assurance (QA) Program in a laboratory? What condition is associated with Polycythemia Vera an increase in RBC count? QA encompasses activities to ensure that the information What condition is associated with generated by the laboratory is Anemia a decrease in RBC count? correct, including all aspects from method choice to specimen Different types of white handling and result reporting. Its What is included in a differential blood cells (e.g., neutrophils, real purpose is to determine how count in a CBC test? lymphocytes) correct or incorrect the results are. The concentration of What are the three major preventive, assessment, What does HGB Determination hemoglobin (Hgb) in the activities in a Quality Assurance corrective measure? blood and is used to rule out Program? anemia What are the activities done prior The concentration of to the examination of the What does HGB Determination Preventive activities hemoglobin (Hgb) in the specimen or sample intended to measure? blood. establish accuracy? Hemoglobin is a protein in What activities are performed What is the purpose of HGB in the RBCs that carries oxygen to during testing to determine if the blood? Assessment activities the body. test systems are performing correctly? Comparator, hemoglobin What equipment is included in tube, hemoglobin pipette, What are the activities done when Sahli's hemoglobinometer set? stirrer. an error is detected to correct the Corrective activities system? What is measured in a differential The percentage of each type count? of WBC. What is the closeness of the Accuracy estimated value to the true mean? bel | Page 1 of 4 HEMA311 WK LC2 SAMPLEX What is the reproducibility of a What type of blood sample is Venous blood result, whether accurate or Precision collected via venipuncture? inaccurate? 1. Phlebotomist 2. Patient What are the three factors What is the purpose of Quality and their vein 3. The To ensure the reliability of involved in a good venipuncture? Assurance (QA) in a Hematology equipment needed the laboratory test. Laboratory? What is the recommended angle What is the objective of QA in a To achieve precision and of needle insertion for routine 45 degrees Hematology Laboratory? accuracy. venipuncture? What is the blood sample In what position should the needle The needle should be bevel collected from a skin puncture Peripheral blood be during venipuncture? up. called? How long should the tourniquet 1 minute A mixture of capillary, be applied during venipuncture? What does a sample collected venous, and arterial blood from a skin puncture consist of? with interstitial (tissue) fluid What is the maximum number of and intracellular fluid. attempts allowed for 2 attempts venipuncture? Finger (middle or ring), earlobe, and the lateral What factors should be The patient should be What are common sites for skin portion of the plantar surface considered regarding the position properly positioned, the puncture? of the heel/toe (for infants of the patient and the length of the needle length should be 1 to under 1 year old). needle? 1.5 inches. It has less free nerve endings, What is the recommended blood What are the advantages of using resulting in less pain, and pressure cuff pressure for 40 to 60 mmHg the earlobe for skin puncture? less tissue juice. venipuncture? What is the procedure used for Syringe method, ETS Heel Stick Procedure skin puncture in infants? What are the methods of blood (Evacuated Tube System) collection? method, and winged blood What is the recommended site for 3rd or 4th finger of the non- collection. a finger puncture? dominant hand 1. Blood culture 2. Other Which site for skin puncture is What is the order of draw for the sterile tubes 3. Light blue 4. used to detect abnormalities in Earlobe Puncture syringe method? Serum sterile tubes 5. Green WBC and histiocytes? 6. Lavender 7. Gray Inflamed and pallor areas, What are the venipuncture sites External jugular vein, cold and cyanotic areas, for newborn infants up to 18 temporal vein (scalp vein), What types of areas should be congested and edematous months old? superior longitudinal sinus. avoided for skin puncture? areas, and scarred or heavily calloused areas. What are the venipuncture sites Femoral vein, long for older children (18 months to 3 saphenous vein, popliteal Less free nerve endings, years old)? vein, ankle vein. What are the advantages of using resulting in less pain, and the earlobe for skin puncture? less tissue juice. What are the venipuncture sites Wrist vein, dorsal vein of the for individuals from 3 years old to hand, dorsal vein of the May not provide enough adult life? ankle. sample for all tests, potential What are some disadvantages of for contamination, and not What are the veins of the skin puncture? Median cubital vein, suitable for all types of blood antecubital fossa in the “H” cephalic vein, basilic vein. tests. pattern? What is the manner of inserting a What are the veins of the Median vein, accessory needle attached to a syringe into a antecubital fossa in the “M” venipuncture. cephalic vein, basilic vein. palpable vein to collect blood for pattern? laboratory testing? What is the order of draw for 1. Blood culture (yellow venipuncture? stopper) bel | Page 2 of 4 HEMA311 WK LC2 SAMPLEX 2. Coagulation tube (blue) What is the mechanism of action Heparin binds thrombin. 3. Serum tubes with or (MOA) of heparin? without activator 4. Heparin (green) What are the two forms of heparin Lithium heparin and 5. EDTA (lavender) used in blood collection? Sodium heparin. 6. Sodium fluoride tube with or without oxalate (gray RBC count, Hemoglobin, stopper) For which tests is heparin Hematocrit, ESR, and commonly used? Osmotic Fragility Testing What are the advantages of the (Please provide this (OFT). evacuated tube method? information if needed.) Not recommended for What is a common complication of coagulation studies due to Hematoma venipuncture? What are the disadvantages of affecting all stages of blood using heparin? coagulation; not suitable for EDTA WBC counts or blood smear What is the most commonly used (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic preparation; most expensive. anticoagulant in hematology? acid) What is the mechanism of action Oxalate binds calcium. EDTA binds to the non- (MOA) of oxalate? What is the mechanism of action ionized form of calcium and (MOA) of EDTA? chelates calcium. What is the recommended 1-2 mg/ml of blood concentration of oxalate in blood? What are the three forms of EDTA Dipotassium EDTA, Disodium used in blood collection? EDTA, Tripotassium EDTA. What are the three forms of Double Oxalate, Lithium oxalate used in blood collection? Oxalate, Sodium Oxalate What is the recommended amount 1.2 mg/dl of blood of EDTA for blood collection? It contains salts of ammonium and potassium, CBC (Complete Blood Count), What is unique about Double and is also known as ESR (Erythrocyte Oxalate? "Balance Oxalate." It avoids For which tests is EDTA Sedimentation Rate), Platelet RBC swelling or shrinking commonly used? count, and PBS (Peripheral effects. Blood Smear). What are the uses of Double All RBC valuation tests, as it 2 ml EDTA blood + 0.5 ml of Oxalate? has no effect on RBCs. How can EDTA be used for 3.8% sodium citrate or 2 ml modified Westergren (ESR)? EDTA blood + 0.5 ml NSS Not recommended for blood (Normal Saline Solution). transfusions; causes What are the disadvantages of agglutination or clumping of Not recommended for using oxalate? WBCs and platelets; not coagulation tests and platelet suitable for peripheral blood What are the disadvantages of satellitism; preparation of smear preparation. using EDTA? blood smear from old EDTA samples can change the 2 ml EDTA blood and 0.5 ml What is the combination used for morphology of red cells. of 3.8% (0.129 M) sodium blood coagulation tests? citrate. What is the most common and preferred anticoagulant for Citrate What is the purpose of mixing 2 To adjust the volume or coagulation studies? ml EDTA blood with 0.5 ml of concentration of the blood normal saline solution (NSS)? sample. What is the mechanism of action Citrate binds calcium. (MOA) of citrate? What is the mechanism of action Oxalate binds calcium. (MOA) of oxalate? In which type of evacuated tube is Light blue top evacuated citrate contained? tube. What is the recommended 1-2 mg/ml of blood concentration of oxalate in blood? What is the anticoagulant buffer 3.8% / 0.109 M Na Citrate. concentration for citrate? What are the three forms of Double Oxalate, Lithium oxalate used in blood collection? Oxalate, Sodium Oxalate What is heparin commonly used Osmotic Fragility Testing for in laboratory testing? (OFT) and immunotyping. bel | Page 3 of 4 HEMA311 WK LC2 SAMPLEX It contains salts of ammonium and potassium, What is unique about Double and is also known as Oxalate? "Balance Oxalate." It avoids RBC swelling or shrinking effects. Ammonium oxalate causes What happens when ammonium RBC swelling; Potassium oxalate and potassium oxalate are oxalate causes RBC used separately? shrinking. What are the uses of Double All RBC valuation tests, as it Oxalate? has no effect on RBCs. Not recommended for blood transfusions; causes What are the disadvantages of agglutination or clumping of using oxalate? WBCs and platelets; not suitable for peripheral blood smear preparation. What is the use of the yellow Blood culture tube? What is the additive in the light Sodium citrate blue tube? What is the use of the light blue Coagulation determination tube? What is the additive in the red Silicone-coated/clot tube? activator Serum determination in What is the use of the red tube? chemistry / Routine blood donor screening What is the additive in the green Sodium heparin / Lithium tube? heparin Plasma determination in What is the use of the green tube? chemistry / Prevents blood from clotting What is the additive in the EDTA lavender tube? What is the use of the lavender Whole blood hematology tube? determination What is the additive in the gray Potassium oxalate / Sodium tube? fluoride Glucose determination / What is the use of the gray tube? Antiglycolytic agent bel | Page 4 of 4