HEMA LEC TRANSES ULTRA-SUMMARIZED.pdf

‭LESSON 1‬ ‭Hematocrit‬ ‭ atio of volume of packed RBC to the‬...

‭LESSON 1‬ ‭Hematocrit‬ ‭ atio of volume of packed RBC to the‬ R ‭ AND neutrophils-‬ B ‭Slightly less mature neutrophils‬ ‭ THANASIUS KIRCHER‬ A ‭ escribes the worm in the blood‬ D ‭volume of whole blood‬ ‭unsegmented‬ ‭ANTON VAN‬ ‭Describes Red Blood Cell‬ ‭RBC:Whole Blood‬ ‭Left shift‬ I‭ncrease in bands that signals‬ ‭LEEUWENHOEK‬ ‭Hematocrit‬ ‭Also called as Packed Cell Volume‬ ‭bacterial infection‬ ‭Giulio Bizzozero‬ ‭ latelets- petite plaque‬ P ‭(PCV)‬ ‭Eosinophil‬ ‭Round, Bright Orange-red‬ ‭James homer Wright‬ ‭Wright’s Romanowsky-type‬ ‭Buffy Coat‬ ‭WBC and Platelet‬ ‭Immune system response‬ ‭Stain of Blood Cells‬ ‭Wright or Wright-Giemsa stain‬ ‭The light-colored layer between the‬ E‭ osinophilia- indicates‬ ‭Increase in Eosinophil‬ ‭Morphology‬ ‭Physical or Cell Appearance‬ ‭RBC and plasma‬ ‭allergy or parasitic‬ ‭Joseph and Wallace‬ ‭Patented the 1‬‭st‬ ‭electronic counter‬ ‭ ean Cell Volume‬ M ‭RBC‬‭Diameter‬‭-wright stain blood film‬ ‭Basophil‬ ‭ ark purple, obscure nucleus‬ D ‭Coulter‬ ‭Discovered Coulter Principle‬ ‭(MCV)‬ ‭Contains histamines‬ ‭Mean Cell‬ ‭ ass of hemoglobin/cell and parallels‬ m ‭ asophilia- hematologic‬ B ‭Increase in Basophil‬ ‭LESSON 1‬ ‭Hemoglobin‬ ‭the MCHC‬ ‭disease‬ ‭RBC‬‭- transports oxygen and carbon dioxide‬ ‭(MCH)‬ ‭Lymphocyte‬ ‭ ound, larger than‬ R ‭SHAPE‬ ‭Biconcave, discoid cells filled with‬ ‭Mean Cell‬ ‭ BC‬‭staining intensity and amount of‬ R ‭RBC—antigens-antibody‬ ‭HEMOGLOBIN‬ ‭Hemoglobin‬ ‭central pallor‬ L‭ ymphocytosis‬ ‭Increase in Lymphocyte‬ ‭Concentration‬ ‭Lymphopenia‬ ‭Decrease inL‬ ‭NUCLEUS‬ ‭Anucleated or NO TRUE NUCLEUS‬ ‭(MCHC)‬ ‭Monocytes‬ ‭Identify and phagocyte‬ ‭Hemoglobin‬ ‭Reddish protein‬ ‭RBC distribution‬ ‭Degree of variation in RBC volume‬ ‭Monocyte‬ ‭Immature Macrophage‬ ‭Color‬ ‭Salmon Pink‬ ‭width (RDW)‬ ‭Size‬ ‭7-8 micrometer with a zone of pallor‬ ‭Blue-gray‬ ‭Anisocytosis‬ ‭Variation in DIAMETER of RBC‬ ‭Zone of Pallor‬ ‭Blank spot in RBC, space ba espasyo‬ ‭ acrophage‬ M ‭The most abundant cell type‬ ‭Anemia or‬ ‭Counted RBC in volume to detect‬ ‭Monocytosis‬ ‭Increase monocyte‬ ‭ eticulocyte‬‭- indicates the ability of RBC production.‬ R ‭Polycythemia‬ ‭these‬ ‭Leukemia‬ ‭Blood Cancer‬ ‭Young RBC that contains RNA are called reticulocyte‬ ‭Anemia‬ ‭Loss of oxygen-carrying capacity‬ ‭Chronic Lymphocytic‬ ‭Older people‬ ‭Polychromatic‬ ‭Newly release RBC – from bone‬ ‭Decrease hemoglobin concentration‬ ‭Leukemia‬ ‭Erythrocyte‬ ‭marrow‬ ‭Hemocytometer‬ ‭Diluted blood was transfer to this‬ ‭Acute Lymphoblastic‬ ‭Childhood leukemia‬ ‭Polychromatic‬ ‭.5-2.5 percent nakikita sa stain‬ ‭Glass Counting Chamber‬ ‭Leukemia‬ ‭Erythrocyte‬ ‭Microscopist observe rbc here‬ ‭Stain slightly BLUE GRAY‬ ‭Polycythemia‬ ‭Increase RBC counts‬ ‭ LATELETS-‬‭Thrombocytes, Major cell that controls‬ P ‭Uses methylene blue dyes to count‬ ‭Leads to hyperviscosity‬ ‭hemostasis, 2-4mm, Anucleate, and Round‬ ‭Vital or SuperVital‬ ‭Dyes absorbed by live cells‬ ‭Microliter‬ ‭Report RBC count, how we count RBC‬ ‭Thrombosis‬ ‭Clot formation, PT secrets‬ ‭Coulter Principle‬ ‭Used to count RBC in AUTOMATED‬ ‭thrombin to facilitate this‬ ‭WHITE BLOOD CELL- LEUKOCYTE‬ ‭of direct‬ ‭BLOOD CELL ANALYZER‬ ‭Hemostasis‬ ‭Series of cellular mechanism that‬ ‭-‬ ‭Protects host from infection‬ ‭impedance‬ ‭repairs wounds‬ ‭-‬ ‭Bone marrow or lymphoid tissue- source of wbc‬ ‭Visual RBC‬ ‭Developed before 1900‬ ‭Mean Platelet Volume‬ ‭Elevated mpv- presence of larger‬ ‭-‬ ‭Colorless in unstained suspension‬ ‭counting‬ ‭(MPV)‬ ‭platelets‬ ‭WBC Counting dilution‬ ‭1:20 – dilute acid solution‬ ‭Automated‬ ‭1958‬ ‭Thrombocytosis-‬ ‭Increase in platelet‬ ‭and diluent‬ ‭particle counters‬ ‭Became available in the lab‬ ‭indicates inflammation‬ ‭Leukopenia‬ ‭Decrease wbc‬ ‭Hemoglobin‬ ‭Relies on a solution of Drabkin‬ ‭Essential‬ ‭Malignant cancer of platelet‬ ‭Leukocytosis‬ ‭Increase wbc‬ ‭measurement‬ ‭Reagent‬ ‭Thrombocythemia‬ ‭Uncontrolled platelet production‬ ‭Neutrophils - segmented‬ ‭Engulfs microorganisms‬ ‭Hemoglobin is converted to stable‬ ‭Thrombocytopenia-‬ ‭Decrease in platelet‬ ‭Hemiglobincyanide‬ ‭Multilobed‬ ‭easy bruising‬ ‭Drabkin Reagent‬ ‭Potassium Cyanide + Potassium‬ ‭Pink- Lavender staining‬ ‭Ferricyanide‬ ‭Neutropenia- indicates‬ ‭Decrease in Neutrophil‬ ‭Complete Blood Count‬ ‭Automated Blood‬ ‭Uses formulation of Ionic surfactant‬ ‭viral infections‬ ‭Complete‬ ‭RBC, WBC and platelet measurement‬ ‭Cell analyzers‬ ‭(detergent) or‬‭SODIUM LAURYL‬ ‭Neutrophilia- indicates‬ ‭Increase in Neutrophil‬ ‭Blood Count‬ ‭measurement‬ ‭SULFATE‬ ‭bacterial infection‬ ‭Short draw‬ ‭Underfill in other term‬  ‭ esult in poor ratio of anticoagulant and‬ R ‭ NALYZE CELL POPULATIONS‬‭by‬ A ‭ epatic Phase‬ H ‭ egins 5-7 gestational weeks‬ B ‭blood‬ ‭measuring the cells on laser light‬ ‭Occurs‬ ‭Clusters of developing erythroblast,‬ S‭ pecimen‬ ‭The specimen must be registered in‬ ‭Cytogenetics‬ ‭Chromosome analysis in bone marrow‬ ‭Extravascularly‬ ‭granulocyte, monocyte‬ ‭Accession‬ ‭WORKLIST‬ ‭aspirates‬ ‭Flag‬ ‭Indication of abnormal blood cell analyzer‬ ‭ olecular‬ M ‭Detects chromosomal translocation and‬ ‭ roduction of‬ P ‭Decline in primitive hematopoiesis‬ ‭- Blood Film Examination should be‬ ‭Diagnostic‬ ‭gene mutations. Enhance and replace‬ ‭Megakaryocytes‬ ‭performed‬ ‭Techniques‬ ‭the advance hematologic methods;‬ ‭ bf(fetal‬ H ‭Lymphoid cells begin to appear‬ ‭PCR‬‭-polymerase chain reaction‬ ‭hemoglobin)-predo‬ ‭Blood Film Examination‬ ‭Microarray analysis‬ ‭minant hemoglobin‬ ‭-‬ ‭Preparation of wedge-prep blood film‬ ‭FISH‬‭- Fluorescence in situ hybridization‬ ‭-‬ ‭Stain using wright or wright-giemsa stain‬ ‭DNA sequencing systems‬ ‭ ajor site of blood cells production‬ M ‭WBC count‬ ‭40x or 50x objective—400x or 500x‬ ‭G6PD assay‬ ‭Phenotypically detects RBC enzyme‬ ‭(second trimester of fetal life only)‬ ‭magnification‬ ‭deficiency‬ T‭ hymus‬ ‭Site of T-cell production‬ ‭PT count‬ ‭100x OIO - 1000 magnification‬ S‭ ickle Cell‬ ‭Detect and diagnose sickle cell anemia‬ ‭Kidney and Spleen‬ ‭Produce B-cells‬ ‭Solubility‬ ‭Medullary‬ ‭Occurs in the inner bone cavity‬ ‭Endothelial Cells‬ ‭screening‬ ‭(Myeloid) Phase‬ ‭-‬ ‭Forms the INNER SURFACE OF BLOOD VESSEL-‬ ‭Erythrocyte‬ ‭ etects inflammation and intensity of‬ D ‭Measures level of‬ ‭Begins between 4-5 month‬ ‭nasa loob ng ugat‬ ‭sedimentation‬ ‭RBC? measures how quickly red blood‬ ‭erythropoietin‬ ‭-‬ ‭Maintains normal blood flow‬ ‭rate (ESR)‬ ‭cells (erythrocytes) settle to the bottom‬ ‭of a test tube.‬ ‭ SC and Mesenchymal cells migrate‬ H ‭Coagulation‬ ‭into the core of the bone‬ ‭-‬ ‭Platelets are the key components for coagulation‬ ‭Hematology Quality Assurance and Quality Control‬ ‭ yeloid to‬ M ‭3:1 to 4:1 (normal adult levels)‬ ‭Fibrinolysis‬ ‭Restore vessel patency‬ ‭Moving Average‬ ‭Internal standard methodology‬ ‭Erythroid ratio‬ ‭Enzyme-cofactor‬ ‭Clot formation‬ ‭Enzyme to enzyme‬ ‭HEMATOPOIESIS‬ ‭Adult Hematopoietic Tissue‬ ‭Prothrombin time/ Partial‬ ‭Assess deficiencies. Monitor‬ ‭HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT‬ ‭Bone marrow‬ ‭Contains developing erythroid,‬ ‭Thromboplastin time‬ ‭anticoagulant therapy‬ ‭Hematopoiesis‬ ‭Renewal of blood cell‬ ‭myeloid, megakaryocytic, and‬ ‭Hematopoietic stem cell‬ ‭Capable of self renewal and‬ ‭lymphoid cells‬ ‭Advanced Hematology Procedure‬ ‭differentiate into different‬ ‭Primary lymph‬ ‭Bone marrow and thymus‬ ‭Bone Marrow‬ ‭Analyze nucleated cells that are‬ ‭blood cell‬ ‭nodes‬ ‭Where T and B lymphocytes derived‬ ‭Aspirates/Biopsy‬ ‭immature precursor to blood cells-‬ ‭Secondary Lymph‬ ‭Spleen, lymph nodes, malt (mucosa‬ ‭myeloid, erythroid‬ ‭Fetal Development‬‭- the cell will initiate in the‬ ‭nodes‬ ‭associated lymphoid tissue)‬ ‭Biopsy specimen‬ ‭Enhanced by HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN‬ ‭1.‬ ‭Yolk Sac‬ ‭H/E‬ ‭2.‬ ‭Aorta-gonad mesonephros region (Mesoblastic‬ S‭ pleen, Liver, Thymus‬‭- adult hematopoietic tissue‬ ‭May reveal bone marrow structure‬ ‭Phase)‬ ‭BONE MARROW‬ ‭Cytochemical‬ ‭Differentiate abnormal myeloid,‬ ‭3.‬ ‭Fetal Liver (Hepatic Phase)‬ ‭Bone marrow‬ ‭Located inside the cortical bones‬ ‭stains‬ ‭erythroid, and lymphoid‬ ‭4.‬ ‭Bone Marrow (Medullary Phase)‬ ‭Trabeculae‬ ‭Provide supports for developing blood cells‬ ‭The stains are:‬ ‭Red Marrow‬ ‭Developing blood cells and progenitors‬ ‭- Phosphatase, Alkaline Phosphatase,‬ ‭ esoblastic Phase‬ M ‭ egins around 19‬‭th‬ ‭day‬ B ‭(Active)‬ ‭Myeloperoxidase, Sudan Black B,‬ ‭Occurs‬ ‭Forms PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST‬ ‭Yellow‬ ‭Adipocyte with undifferentiated‬ ‭Periodic Acid-Schiff‬ ‭INTRAVASCULARLY‬ ‭Marrow‬ ‭mesenchymal and MACROPHAGE‬ ‭This is replaced by Flow Cytometry and‬ ‭(Inactive)‬ ‭Immunophenotyping‬ ‭ roduces hemoglobin needed for‬ P ‭oxygen delivery‬ ‭Retrogression‬ ‭Replace active marrow by adipocyte. Bale‬ ‭Immunostaining‬ ‭Identification of CELL LINES. Detects‬ ‭yung red marrow magiging yellow marrow‬ ‭Methods‬ ‭LINEAGE-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS‬ ‭Angioblast‬ ‭Surrounds the cavity of yolk sac- will‬ ‭form blood vessel‬ ‭Marrow‬ ‭The ratio of red marrow to yellow R:Y‬ ‭Flow Cytometer‬ ‭May be quanti or quali, Generate‬ ‭Cellularity‬ ‭perimeters of CBC‬ ‭ orta Gonad‬ A ‭Give rise to Hematopoietic stem cells‬ ‭Region‬  E‭ ndothelial‬ L‭ ines the inside of blood vessels‬ ‭Cords of Billroth‬ ‭ s rbc pass through here –‬ A ‭Erythropoiesis‬ ‭Cells‬ ‭Maintains the flow of particles leaving‬ ‭decrease in the flow of blood-‬ ‭Erythrocyte‬ ‭ ed Blood Cell‬ R ‭hematopoietic spaces in vascular sinuses‬ ‭stagnations and depletion of rbc‬ ‭Erythroblast‬ ‭Nucleated RBC precursor‬ ‭Adipocyte‬ ‭Fat cells- large globules‬ ‭glucose supply‬ ‭Also called as normoblast‬ ‭Secretes cytokines (growth‬ ‭ ethods for removing‬ M ‭ progenitor sa‬ 2 ‭BURST FORMING UNIT-ERYTHROID‬ ‭factors)—stimulate HSC‬ ‭abnormal rbc‬ ‭erythroid cell line‬ ‭COLONY FORMING UNIT- ERYTHROID‬ ‭ acrophages‬ M ‭Phagocytosis‬ ‭- Culling‬ ‭Cells are phagocytized‬ ‭BURST FORMING‬ ‭Give rise to large colonies- capable of‬ ‭Osteoblast‬ ‭Form bones‬ ‭UNIT-ERYTHROID‬ ‭multisubunit colonies‬ ‭Osteoclast‬ ‭Destroy and restore bones‬ ‭- Pitting‬ S‭ plenic macrophages remove‬ ‭Reticular‬ ‭Forms a supporting lattice for developing‬ ‭inclusions or damage surface‬ ‭ OLONY FORMING‬ C ‭Gives rise to smaller colonies‬ ‭Adventitial‬ ‭blood cells‬ ‭member from the RBCS‬ ‭UNIT- ERYTHROID‬ ‭cells‬ ‭Pronormoblast‬ F‭ irst identifiable RBC Precursor‬ ‭Stromal Cells‬ S‭ ecretes semifluid extracellular fluids-‬ ‭Lymph Nodes‬ ‭Erythrokinetics‬ ‭Describes the dynamics of RBC‬ ‭anchor of blood cells‬ ‭-‬ ‭Bean shaped‬ ‭production and destruction‬ ‭Regulates hsc and progenitor cell survival‬ ‭Lymph‬ F‭ luid portion of blood that‬ ‭-‬ ‭Looking rbc in bm and the‬ ‭and differentiation‬ ‭escapes into connective tissue‬ ‭factors that affect their‬ ‭Low protein- high water- absence‬ ‭number‬ E‭ rythroblast‬ ‭Develop in small clusters‬ ‭of RBC‬ ‭Megakaryocy‬ ‭Facilitates the release of platelets in the‬ L‭ ymphatic vessel- carry‬ ‭Lymph node filter lymph and exit‬ ‭Erythron‬ ‭ ollection of all stages of‬ C ‭te‬ ‭lumen of sinus‬ ‭lymph to lymph node‬ ‭via the efferent lymphatic vessels‬ ‭erythrocytes‬ ‭Immature‬ ‭Proceed along differentiation as they move‬ ‭myeloid‬ ‭closer to vascular sinuses‬ ‭Hypoxia‬ ‭Kulang sa oxygen content yung body‬ ‭Hematopoietic stem cells and cytokines‬ ‭Pag nagka hypopaxia ka- madedetect‬ ‭(granulocytic)‬ ‭cells‬ ‭Stem Cell theory‬ ‭Hematopoietic progenitor cells‬ ‭ni peritubular fibroblast tas‬ ‭Theory that describes the‬ ‭divided into:‬ ‭poproduce ng erythropoietin‬ ‭origin of hematopoietic‬ ‭- Noncommitted HSC‬ ‭ eritubular‬ P ‭Primary oxygen sensing system of‬ T‭ HE MATURE BLOOD CELLS OF THE BONE MARROW‬ ‭progenitor‬ ‭- Committed progenitor cells‬ ‭Fibroblast (in‬ ‭body‬ ‭EVENTUALLY ENTER THE PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION‬ ‭MARROW CIRCULATION‬ ‭kidney)‬ ‭ onophyletic theory‬‭-‬ M ‭ ll blood cells derive from‬ A ‭Erythropoietin‬ ‭ rowth factor that signals the‬ G ‭Nutrient artery‬ ‭Supplies blood to marrow‬ ‭PLURIPOTENT‬ ‭SINGLE PROGENITOR STEM‬ ‭development of erythroid cells‬ ‭Periosteal Artery‬ ‭Nutrients to osseous bone and‬ ‭CELLS—called pluripotent‬ ‭-‬ ‭Promotes release of‬ ‭marrow‬ ‭hematopoietic stem cells‬ ‭developing precursor‬ ‭Hematopoietic cells‬ ‭Located in an endosteal bed. Receive‬ ‭Polyphyletic theory‬ ‭Blood cells is derived from its‬ ‭nutrients from nutrient artery‬ ‭own unique stem cells‬ ‭ easurement of‬ M ‭ erformed on plasma‬ P ‭ SC‬ H ‭Capable of self renewal‬ ‭erythropoietin‬ ‭Measured by chemiluminescence‬ ‭Liver‬ ‭Undifferentiated HSC`‬ ‭Can be differentiated to‬ ‭Liver‬ S‭ ite of blood cell production (4-5 weeks‬ ‭myeloid or lymphoid lineages‬ ‭MICROENVIRONMENT OF THE BONE MARROW‬ ‭gestation)‬ L‭ ineage‬‭- specific‬ ‭T- cell, B-cell, dendritic lineage,‬ ‭Macrophage‬ ‭Major cellular anchor‬ ‭Hepatocyte‬ ‭Functions in protein synthesis. Coagulation,‬ ‭progenitor cells‬ ‭natural killer‬ ‭iron recycling‬ ‭- Common lymphoid‬ ‭18-21 days- to produce mature RBC from BFU-E‬ ‭Kupffer cells‬ ‭Maintain contact with the endothelial cell‬ ‭progenitor cells‬ ‭ ranulocyte, Erythrocyte,‬ G ‭Normoblastic Proliferation‬ ‭Pagpaparami ng rbc from‬ ‭lining‬ ‭Monocytic, Megakaryocytic‬ ‭immature to mature‬ -‭ Common myeloid‬ ‭Features to identify RBC‬ ‭Nuclear Chromatin pattern-‬ ‭Spleen‬ ‭progenitor cells‬ ‭texture, density‬ ‭Storage site for‬ ‭Filters of circulating blood‬ ‭homogeneity‬ ‭HSC’s fate‬ S‭ elf Renewal, Differentiation‬ ‭platelets‬ ‭Nuclear Diameter‬ ‭Apoptosis‬ ‭30% of total platelet‬ ‭Contains 350 Ml OF BLOOD‬ ‭Nucleus to Cytoplasm ratio‬ ‭counts‬ ‭Presence or absence of‬ ‭nucleoli‬  ‭ ytoplasmic Color‬ C ‭ ivision:‬‭No division- bc of‬ D ‭ ucleus- completely‬ N ‭Pronormoblast‬ ‭ RONORMOBLAST‬ P ‭Nucleus:Cytoplasm – 8:1‬ ‭condensation of chromatin‬ ‭condensed or nearly so‬ ‭(RUBRIBLAST)‬ ‭Nucleus is- round to oval‬ ‭Location‬‭: Bone Marrow‬ ‭ ivision‬‭: Mitosis - gives rise‬ D ‭2 nucleoli‬ ‭ ytoplasm: salmon pink-‬ C ‭ ellular Activity‬‭: Hgb‬ C ‭to 2 daughter pronormoblast‬ ‭Purple Red Chromatin‬ ‭nearly complete hgb‬ ‭production continues‬ ‭production‬ ‭̀‬ ‭Location‬‭: Bone marrow‬ ‭Nucleus will ejected‬ ‭ ytoplasm- dark blue coz of‬ C ‭-‬ ‭Residual‬ ‭ asophilic‬ B ‭ ellular Activity‬‭: globin‬ C ‭conc. Of ribosomes and rna‬ L‭ oss of VIMENTIN‬‭—protein‬ ‭ribosomes and‬ ‭Pronormoblast‬ ‭production begins‬ ‭that holds organelle in the‬ ‭rna makes the‬ ‭- Proteins necessary for iron‬ ‭cytoplasm‬ ‭stain slightly‬ ‭and protoporphyrin synthesis‬ ‭Nonmuscle myosin of the‬ ‭bluish hue-‬ ‭are produced‬ ‭membrane‬ ‭degraded in the‬ ‭Length‬‭: more than 24 hours‬ ‭Length‬‭: 48 hours‬ ‭end‬ ‭ olychromatic‬ P ‭RETICULOCYTE‬ ‭There is NO NUCLEUS‬ ‭normoblast‬ ‭ ASOPHILIC NORMOBLAST‬ B ‭ :C – 6:1‬ N ‭(PRORUBRICYTE)‬ ‭1 nucleoli‬ ‭ ivision‬‭: No division‬ D ‭Division‬‭: Mitosis- 2 daughter‬ ‭Location‬‭: Bone marrow (1-2‬ ‭ ytoplasm: color is that of‬ C ‭cell‬ ‭ ucleus‬ N ‭days) – Peripheral Blood (1‬ ‭hgb with a bluish tinge‬ ‭- Chromatin condense that‬ ‭day before reaching maturity)‬ ‭(residual ribosomes and‬ ‭ ore than 1 division is‬ M ‭reveals clumps along‬ ‭- It is retained in spleen for‬ ‭rna)‬ ‭possible‬ ‭periphery‬ ‭pitting(pagtanggal ng mga‬ ‭- End of this stage- salmon‬ L‭ ocation‬‭: Bone Marrow‬ ‭pink ang kulay ng cytoplasm‬ ‭ rthochromatic‬ O ‭inclusion bodies gamit ng‬ ‭Cellular activity‬‭: Hemoglobin‬ ‭ hromatin – deep purple‬ C ‭Normoblast‬ ‭splenic macrophages)-‬ ‭can be detected, but the‬ ‭red‬ ‭biconcave discoid mature‬ ‭organelles mask the minute‬ ‭Cytoplasm- deeper, richer‬ ‭RBC‬ ‭amount of hbg pigmentation‬ ‭blue‬ L‭ ength of time‬‭: more than 24‬ ‭ ellular Activity‬‭: complete‬ C ‭hours‬ ‭production of hgb‬ ‭POLYCHROMATIC‬ ‭ :C – 4:1(early stage) to 1:1‬ N E‭ NDORIBONUCLEASE‬‭- digest‬ ‭NORMOBLAST‬ ‭(end of stage)‬ ‭ribosomes‬ ‭(POLYCHROMATOPHILIC‬ ‭RETICULOCYTE‬ L‭ ength‬‭: 3 days, 2 days in bm,‬ ‭RUBRICYTE)‬ ‭No nucleoli‬ ‭1 day in pb‬ ‭ ivision‬‭: Last stage where‬ D ‭Erythrocyte‬ ‭No nucleus‬ ‭mitosis occur‬ ‭ ucleus- Variation in‬ N ‭Location‬‭: Bone Marrow‬ ‭chromatin pattern, show‬ ‭Division:‬‭Cannot divide‬ ‭some openness – condense‬ ‭Cytoplasm- biconcave‬ ‭Cellular Activity:‬‭Hgm‬ L‭ ocation and Length:‬ ‭-‬ ‭Measures 7-8mm‬ ‭synthesis increase, rna and‬ ‭in the end‬ ‭Peripheral blood for 120‬ ‭-‬ ‭1.5-2.5mm‬ ‭organelles are still present‬ ‭days-4 months max‬ ‭thickness‬ ‭Ribosomes contribute blue‬ ‭ ytoplasm—pink (stain hgb‬ C ‭Erythrocyte‬ ‭can be seen- murky‬ ‭ ellular activity:‬‭deliver‬ C ‭-‬ ‭Salmon pink‬ ‭color to cytoplasm‬ ‭oxygen‬ ‭gray-blue)‬ -‭ Condensation of nucleus‬ I‭nside is hgb‬ ‭and disappearance of‬ ‭ ytoplasm- refer to this‬ C ‭Deformed shape is helpful for‬ ‭nucleoli – decline in‬ ‭combination of multiple‬ ‭enter circulation‬ ‭transcription of DNA‬ ‭color-‬‭many color loving‬ L‭ ength of time‬‭: 30 hours‬ ‭ORTHOCHROMIC‬ ‭N:C – 1:2‬ ‭NORMOBLAST‬ ‭(METARUBRICYTE)‬