Heart, Vessels, Respiratory Lab Learning Objectives PDF

Learning Objectives Heart, Blood tracing and Respiratory Lab Information is located in Chapter 19: Heart, Chapter 20: Blood vessels, Chapter 23: Respiratory, APR and lab videos Each learning objective is tagged to course objectives (CO) found in the syllabus and Course Information. Chapter 19: Heart...

Learning Objectives Heart, Blood tracing and Respiratory Lab Information is located in Chapter 19: Heart, Chapter 20: Blood vessels, Chapter 23: Respiratory, APR and lab videos Each learning objective is tagged to course objectives (CO) found in the syllabus and Course Information. Chapter 19: Heart 19.1.1 Describe the general function of the cardiovascular system. (CO5) 19.1.2 Differentiate among the three primary types of blood vessels. (CO1) 19.1.3 Describe the general structure and function of the heart. (CO1) 19.1.4 Compare and contrast pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation of the cardiovascular system. Trace blood flow through both circulations. (CO3) 19.2.5 Describe the location and position of the heart in the thoracic cavity. (CO1) 19.2.6 List the structural components of the pericardium. (CO1) 19.2.7 Describe the function of the pericardium and the purpose of the serous fluid within the pericardial cavity. (CO3) 19.3.8 Compare the superficial features of the anterior and posterior aspects of the heart. (CO1) 19.3.9 Name the three layers of the heart wall and the tissue components of each. (CO1) 19.3.10 Characterize the four chambers of the heart and their functions. (CO1) 19.3.11 Compare and contrast the structure and function of the two types of heart valves. (CO1) 19.3.12 Describe the location and function of the fibrous skeleton. (CO1) 19.3.13 Describe the general structure of cardiac muscle. (CO1) 19.4.16 Identify the coronary arteries, and describe the specific areas of the heart supplied by their major branches. (CO1) 19.4.18 Describe blood flow through the coronary arteries. (CO3) 19.4.19 Identify the coronary veins, and describe the specific areas of the heart drained by their major branches. (CO1) 19.5.20 Identify and locate the components of the heart’s conduction system. (CO1) 19.7.31 Identify the components of an ECG recording. (CO5) 19.8.34 List and describe what occurs during the five phases of the cardiac cycle. (CO5) Chapter 20 Blood vessels 20.5.25 Define blood pressure and blood pressure gradient. 20.8.38 Trace the pathway of vessels from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium. (C01) 20.8.39 Identify features of the pulmonary circulation that distinguish it from systemic circulation. (C03) 20.9.40 List the arteries that carry blood away from the left ventricle of the heart to the major areas of the body. (CO1) 20.9.41 Name the veins that return blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. (CO1) 20.10.42 Name the arteries and veins associated with the head and neck structures. (CO1) 20.10.49 Name the three major arteries that branch from the descending aorta to supply the gastrointestinal tract, and list their major branches. (CO1) 20.10.51 Trace the route of blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the inferior vena cava. (CO1) 20.10.52 Describe the arteries and veins that supply and drain the adrenal glands, kidneys, and gonads. (CO1) 20.10.53 Name the main vessels associated with the pelvis and perineum. (CO1) 20.11.54 Trace the arteries of the upper limb from the subclavian artery to the fingers. (CO1) 20.11.55 Compare and contrast the superficial venous drainage and the deep venous drainage of the upper limb. (CO1) 20.11.56 Trace the arteries of the lower limb from the external iliac artery to the toes. (CO1) 20.11.57 Compare and contrast the superficial venous drainage and the deep venous drainage of the lower limb. (CO1) Chapter 23 Respiratory system 23.1.1 State the functions of the respiratory system. (CO6) 23.1.2 Distinguish between the structural organization and the functional organization of the respiratory system. (CO3) 23.1.3 Describe the structure of the mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract and the structural changes observed along its length. (CO1) 23.2.5 Describe the structure and function of the nose. (CO1) 23.2.6 Provide a general description of the structure and function of the nasal cavity. (CO3) 23.2.7 Describe the structure and function of the four paired paranasal sinuses. (CO3) 23.2.8 Compare the three regions of the pharynx, and describe their associated structures. (CO1) 23.3.9 Describe the general functions and structure of the larynx. (CO3) 23.3.11 Describe the structure of the trachea. (CO1) 23.3.12 Explain the structure and function of the tracheal cartilages. (C01) 23.3.13 Describe the structural subdivisions of the bronchial tree. (CO1) 23.3.15 Describe the structure and function of the components of the respiratory zone. (CO3) 23.3.17 Explain the structure of the respiratory membrane. (CO1) 23.4.18 Describe the location and general structure of the lungs. (CO1) 23.4.19 Compare and contrast the right versus left lung. (CO3) 23.4.20 Distinguish between the two types of blood circulation through the lungs. (C05) 23.4.22 Describe the pleural membranes and pleural cavity. (C01) 23.5.37 Define the four different respiratory volume measurements. (C05) 23.5.38 Explain the four respiratory capacities that are calculated from the volume measurements. (C050 23.5.39 Give the meaning of forced expiratory volume (FEV) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MMV). (CO5) Lab Test Checklist for Exam CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: HEART PHYSIOLOGY LAB TEST Identify and recall the following structures. Information can be found in the textbook, videos, virtual labs and APR A. Electrocardiogram a. P wave b. QRS complex or wave c. T wave B. Pulse rate a. Calculate a pulse rate per minute given the number of beats in a 15 second interval. Hint: multiply by 4 C. Blood pressure a. Stethoscope b. Sphygmomanometer c. Cuff d. Bulb with valve e. Identify systolic and diastolic values D. Heart sounds a. AV valves close S1 b. SL valves close S2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: HEART PHYSIOLOGY LAB TEST Identify and recall the following structures. Information can be found in the textbook, videos, virtual labs and APR A. Spirometry – identify the following volumes and capacities on a graph a. Total lung capacity b. Vital capacity c. Functional residual capacity d. Inspiratory capacity e. Tidal volume f. Inspiratory reserve volume g. Expiratory reserve volume h. Residual volume BLOOD TRACING LAB TEST Trace a drop of blood from the right atrium to the aorta. Trace a drop of blood from the aorta to systemic capillary and back to the right atrium. Use examples from the lab videos for practice. A list of possible traces will be provided one week prior to exam. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: HEART ANATOMY LAB TEST Identify and recall the following structures. Information can be found in the textbook, videos and APR. A. Cavities a. thoracic i. mediastinum ii. pericardial B. Heart orientation 1. base – superior with large vessels 2. apex – inferior C. Pericardial cavity and serous membranes a. pericardial sac i. fibrous pericardium ii. parietal pericardium iii. pericardial cavity containing serous fluid iv. visceral pericardium (epicardium) D. Heart wall a. visceral pericardium (epicardium) – note this structure connects pericardial sac and heart wall b. myocardium – cardiac muscle tissue c. endocardium – lined with epithelial tissue E. Chambers a. right atrium i. auricle – outer “ear” flap b. left atrium i. auricle – outer “ear” flap c. right ventricle d. left ventricle – note thick myocardium F. Septums a. Atrioventricular septum – separates upper and lower chambers b. Interatrial septum – separates R and L atria c. Interventricular septum – separates R and L ventricles G. Atrioventricular orifices – openings in atrioventricular septum a. atrioventricular valves (AV valves) i. tricuspid valve -right side between R atrium and ventricle 1. chordae tendineae (tendinous cords) 2. papillary muscles ii. bicuspid (mitral) valve – left side between L atrium and ventricle 1. chordae tendineae (tendinous cords) 2. papillary muscles H. Semilunar valves a. Pulmonic semilunar valve (PSLV) – between R ventricle and pulmonary trunk b. Aortic semilunar valve (ASLV) – between L ventricle and aorta I. Major vessels a. Aorta i. ascending ii. aortic arch iii. descending b. Pulmonary trunk i. R pulmonary artery ii. L pulmonar artery c. Pulmonary veins i. 2 right ii. 2 left d. Superior vena cava e. Inferior vena cava J. Cardiac Conduction System a. Sino-atrial node (SA node) b. Atrioventricular node (AV node) c. AV Bundle (Bundle of His) d. R and L bundle branches e. Purkinje fibers K. Coronary vessels a. Coronary arteries – first branches off aorta i. Left coronary artery 1. circumflex artery 2. anterior interventricular artery or left anterior descending (LAD) ii. Right coronary artery 1. marginal artery 2. posterior interventricular artery b. Coronary veins i. great cardiac vein ii. middle cardiac vein iii. small cardiac vein iv. coronary sinus – note entrance inside R atruim L. Fetal vs adult structures a. In the fetus, most of the blood is shunted to bypass the lungs. The placenta acts as the lungs in gas exchange in utero. i. The foramen ovale shunts the blood from the right to the left atrium. After birth, the opening closes and the remaining scar tissue is known as the fossa ovalis. ii. The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. After birth the shunt closes, and the remaining scar tissue is known as the ligamentum arteriosus. RESPIRATORY LAB TEST Identify and recall the following structures. Information can be found in the textbook, videos and APR. A. Upper Respiratory Tract 1. nasal cavity a. nares (nostrils) b. nasal conchae (turbinates) i. superior ii. medial iii. inferior c. mucous membranes line nasal cavity d. nasal septum- divides nasal cavity L and R e. olfactory nerve receptors descend from cribriform plate of ethmoid bone 2. pharynx - (shared with the digestive system) note rhymes with rink a. nasopharynx - note uvula b. oropharynx c. laryngopharynx 3. tonsils a. pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) - found in the nasopharynx b. palatine tonsils - found in the oropharynx c. lingual tonsils - found in the oropharynx B. Lower Respiratory Tract 1. Mediastinum a. larynx i. epiglottis ii. glottis a) rima glottis – opening between vocal cords b) vocal cords (true cords) – make sounds c) vestibular folds (false cords) – support vocal cords b. trachea i. cilia (ciliated mucosa) ii. C-shaped cartilage rings 2. thoracic cavity a. bronchus (i) – left and right, also called primary bronchi 3. pleural cavities a. lobar bronchus (i) – L & R, also called secondary bronchi i. segmental bronchus (i) – L & R, also called tertiary bronchi 1. bronchioles a. alveolar sacs (air sacs) – surrounded by capillary i. alveoli – respiratory membrane for exchange b. left lung - 2 lobes i. cardiac notch c. right lung - 3 lobes 4. pleura a. parietal pleura b. visceral pleura c. pleural cavity d. pleural fluid C. Histology a. Locate the following tissues on slides a. cilia b. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia c. mucosal layer d. sub mucosal layer e. hyaline cartilage with chondrocytes