Health Care Administration and Management PDF

What is health administration?  Health administration or healthcare administration is the field relating to  leadership, management, and administration of hospitals, hospital networks, health care systems, and public health systems.  Health care administrators are conside...

What is health administration?  Health administration or healthcare administration is the field relating to  leadership, management, and administration of hospitals, hospital networks, health care systems, and public health systems.  Health care administrators are considered health care professionals.  The discipline is known by many names, including  1) health management,  2) healthcare management,  3) health systems management,  4) health care systems management, and  5) Medical and health services management.  Physical Therapists are leaders in rehabilitative services that allow individuals with injury, disease or chronic health conditions, impairments in body functions and systems, activity limitations, and participation restrictions (disabilities) to return to productive lives. Definitions  Administration: is the art and science of guidance, leadership, and control of the efforts of a group of individuals towards some common goal.  Management: is the operational part of administration. It is defined as: “a set of interactive processes through which the utilization of resources results in the accomplishment of organization objectives.” A system view of management  Itis through “management” that the objectives of the health care organization are achieved by gathering and positioning of resources.  There are several elements for administration. In practice all these elements are interrelated to one another. Elements of administration  1) Staffing.  5) Budgeting.  2) Directing.  6) Evaluation.  3) Planning.  7) Supervising.  4) Reporting.  8) Organization.  9) Coordinating Levels of administration  There are three levels of health administration. Standards  Standards: “Statements that describe a level of care by which the quality of health care can be judged.”  Standards of health care administration  1) Standards of care: statements of a competent level of health care practice, such as identifying problems and planning & taking action to correct them.  2) Standards of performance: statements of competent role activities, such as collaboration & quality of care. Standards of care  Standard 1: Assessment.  Standard 2: Diagnosis.  Standard 3: Identification of outcomes.  Standard 4: Planning.  Standard 5: Implementation.  Standard 6: Evaluation. Standards of professional performance  Standard 1: Quality of care.  Standard 2: Performance appraisal.  Standard 3: Education.  Standard 4: Collegiality.  Standard 5: Collaboration.  Standard 6: Research.  Standard 7: Resource utilization. Decision-Making  1) Fundamental skill for all aspects.  2) Traditional decision-making starts with identifying problem.  3) Management decision-making starts with writing objectives--fixed end goals.  4) Standards met in carrying out planning. Health care plan  Everyprogram must have an overall (general) goal which confirms with that of the nation’s policy, and various objectives to be achieved according to a definite plan. Planning  Planning is considered the most important element of the administrative process.  The higher the level of administration, the more the involvement and time devoting to planning.  A good plan is the basis of any successful program. Sufficient time should be given to the process of planning.  More than one plan should be available to choose from to meet the existing plan. Definition of planning  “Planning is a projected or predetermined course of action designed to achieve a specific goal or objective.”  Planningdetermines What? When? Where? How? Why? And by whom? Things will be done.  It involves “decision making for future events”. Process of systemic planning  1) Establishing goals and objectives.  2) Designing alternative courses of action.  3) Analyzing and predicting the consequences.  4) Selecting the best course of action.  5)Implementing the selected plan and performing periodic evaluation to assure success of plan. Principles of Planning  Being an intellectual activity it needs knowledge, experience, foresight, reasoning and the mastering of special skills and techniques.  Examples of different techniques of planning are:  ▪ PPBS: Planning/Programming/Budgeting System.  ▪ PERT: Performance/Evaluation/Review Technique.  ▪ CPM: Critical Path Method. Evaluation  Definition: “A systemic collection of information about the activities, characteristics and outcomes of programs, personnel, and products for use by specific people to reduce uncertainties, improve effectiveness and make decision with regard to what those programs, personnel or products are doing and affecting” Elements of Evaluation  1) Relevance.  2) Adequacy.  3) Accessibility.  4) Acceptability.  5) Effectiveness.  6) Efficiency.  7) Impact.