HCI103 Technopreneurship/E-Commerce Module 1 PDF

TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP MODULE I HCI 103 Technopreneurship/E-Commerce Lesson 1 - 3 Overview This module will focus on...

TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP MODULE I HCI 103 Technopreneurship/E-Commerce Lesson 1 - 3 Overview This module will focus on technopreneurship and its concepts lessons. Students will be able to understand the difference of cyberpreneurship from technopreneurship. It will also focus on the different traits and characteristics of a techopreneur as well as the importance of it. The module contains the list of global anf local successful technopreneurs. And at the later part of the module, all the challenges that need to be overcome will also be discuss. Objectives: At the end of the topics, the students are able to: 1. Differentiate cyberpreneurship vs technopreneurship 2. Define the concept of technopreneurship 3. Discuss the traits and characteristics of technopreneur 4. Explain the importance of technopreneur 5. Discuss on successful global and local technopreneurs 6. Identify challenges in technopreneruship Pre-test: Answer the following questions: 1. Briefly discuss based on your own understanding the difference of cyberpreneurship from technopreneurship. 2. Identify the different traits and characteristics of a technoprenuer. 3. Why do you think technopreneuship is important nowadays? 4. Identify five globally competitive Filipino Technopreneurs. 5. List three challenges of a technopreneur and how it will be overcome. Activity: 1. Identify and briefly explain different traits and characteristics of an technopreneur which you think that you naturally have. 2. Search for more successful global and local technopreneurs and itemize their contribution as technopreneurs. 3. Give your own ideas on other challenges that a technopreneur will encounter and its corresponding solution. 1  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Lesson 1 - Cyberpreneurship vs Technopreneurship - Concept of Technopreneurship - Traits and Characteristics of Technopreneur - Importance of Technopreneur Lesson 2 - Successful Global and Local Technopreneurs Lesson 3 - Challenges in Technopreneruship LESSON 1: CYBERPRENEURSHIP vs TECNOPRENEURSHIP CYBERPRENEURSHIP Cyber is a prefix that means "computer" or "computer network," as in cyberspace, the electronic medium in which online communication takes place. A combining form meaning “computer,” “computer network,” or “virtual reality,” used in the formation of compound words ( cybertalk; cyberart; cyberspace) Cyberspace: Imaginary, intangible, virtual-reality realm where (in general) computer- communications and simulations and (in particular) internet activity takes place. The electronic equivalent of human psyche (the 'mindspace' where thinking and dreaming occur), cyberspace is the domain where objects are neither physical nor representations of the physical world, but are made up entirely of data manipulation and information. These were the two definitions from different sources, now if we analyze them closely we come to the following conclusions: 1. Cyberpreneur is a person who carries out business activity with the help of internet and computer that includes but not limited to website, e-commerce platform, blog, affiliate marketing, selling advertising space, selling e-books or other software, freelancing etc. 2. A business activity is commonly known as entrepreneurship and a business activity in the cyberspace is known as cyberpreneurship or online entrepreneurship. In other words, it is a sort of dot com lifestyle as told by John Chow. ADVANTAGES OF CYBERPRENEURSHIP - Companies or entrepreneurs can have a global presence 2  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP - Companies of entrepreneurs can collect detailed interests of the customers - Companies or entrepreneurs improve competitiveness and quality - Cyberpreneurship offers faster transactions CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL CYBERPRENEURSHIP These are just few characteristics of cyberpreneurs. - Creativity - Ability to lead - Risk-taking - Self-confidence - Responsible - Hard-working TECHNOPRENEURSHIP The name originated from the year 1990s and a blend of “techno” and “entrepreneur” who takes the calculated risks in the techy world. It is defined, “techpreneurs are entrepreneurs who start and manage their own technology business.” It is a blend of two words such as “technology” and “Entrepreneurship”. It is a kind of entrepreneurship in the field of technology. The process of technopreneurship is a combination of technological advancements and entrepreneurial skills. In the products and services transformation, an integral part of technopreneur is technology. This is a new breed in the field of entrepreneurship. These types of entrepreneurship are suitable for a person who is intelligent, innovative, tech-savvy, appetite, and passionate in the calculation of risk. Technopreneurship gets to the next level of success through teamwork. CONCEPT OF TECHNOPRENEURSHIP In this era of technology, a technopreneur begins their business with nothing but with a brainstorming idea. He identifies present practices and assesses some new ideas to do something different. A person who is engaged in technopreneurship creates a product or solution that uses technological solutions to change the way of doing something in an orthodox way. It improves how we have done something before and how it has to be done in the coming future. In an intensive context, this is not a product but a procedure of synthesis to improve and create innovate the future of a person, a nation, and the globe as a whole. In this digital world, professional development programs, as well as training, have required to succeed in a knowledge-based society. They produce various strategic thinkers who 3  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP have the relevant skills and talent to grab success in a changing global atmosphere at a fast pace. TRAITS and CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNOPRENEUR Successful traits of a technopreneur are the following: Integrity Leadership Impatient: bias toward action (with analysis) Quick clock speed Modest ego. Seeks and accepts coaching Willing to be different, but knows it (not oblivious) Pragmatic: willing to compromise Rejoices in other’s victories Driven to solve a valuable problem for customers Strong entrepreneurial intensity Willingness to incur the costs of growth Willingness to use wide range of financing sources Emphasis on a team-based organizing structure Focus on innovation Committed to commercialization of technology discovery Excellent communication skills Understand the value of business principles Characteristics of a successful techopreneur are the following: 1. Leadership – it means that as a person, you serve as the spark to a bright idea and transform the dream into a reality. You as a leader are the starting point, and with that, you find the best team, lay down foundations, and think of the overall strategyfor your business. 2. Flexibility - techpreneurs know that not everything produces great results and adapt to such circumstances easily. You need to know that to get to the top; you must know how to blend with tight situations and be creative enough to emerge successful in future. You should understand that your ideas are your dreams, but this dream should be pliable enough so you can help shape solutions to the problems of consumers. 3. Discipline - one thing you that you need to learn and understand as an entrepreneur is that success requires discipline. You need to structure your work so that you and everyone know their roles and responsibilities. Great discipline within the business will help you find out and tackle problems that arise with the venture. Additionally, it helps you keep your team working like a well-oiled machine. Discipline also determines how you spend time with work and still have enough time for family and friends. 4  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP 4. Strategist - remember the saying, ‘behind every successful man lies a strong woman’? Well, this is applicable here too. All successful ventures have great strategists behind them. Therefore, as an administrator for your company, you should be able to get relevant and useful things for your business strategically. As a strategist, you need to be able to come up with unique products every time and have the magic to push your products to the market and let consumers see the real value it can bring into their lives. Aside from these, as a strategist, you can pick ideal business partners, understand the competition, see the weaknesses and amend them before they become a problem. 5. Focus – successful technopreneurs may have a hundred items on their to-do list every day, but they know which ones must be prioritized. The focus is like the sniper alter ego of your discipline that scopes the targets and makes failure as not part of the options. IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Technopreneurship has played an influential role in the use of technology for fulfilling various purposes. First off, it makes easy for people to stay in touch with each other and comes up with some unpredictable products as well as solutions that are beneficial for the nation. Apart from this, it has also provided some other benefits to society and the nation that contributes to economic and human development. The significance of Technopreneurship for a nation and the world too are the following: ▪ Creating Employment Opportunities - technopreneurship creates jobs and helps the nation to combat the problem of unemployment. It increases the employment rate of an economy. ▪ Local Resources - various natural and productive resources are available that every entrepreneur can utilize for business success. The usage of local resources increases its value and reduces the rate of resource wastage. ▪ Business diversification and decentralization - an Entrepreneur can find out the business opportunities and locate them in areas that are suitable including remote areas. ▪ Technological advancement - by being a creative and innovative technopreneur, they play an important role in the field of utilization as well as the development of technology. ▪ Capital formation - investment is an integral part of a business and an Entrepreneur requires funds to start up and take their business to the new heights. They take financial assistance from the investors and financiers and utilize the public savings that lead to economic development. ▪ Promotion of entrepreneurial activities - the young generation gets a chance to work with such technopreneurship firms and learn nuts and bolts how to get success. It also inspires these teammates and employees to grow and start up their business firms too. 5  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP LESSON 2: SOME SUCCESSFUL GLOBAL AND LOCAL TECHNOPRENEURS Elon Musk The billion Elon Musk has been regarded as a Tech Geeks, who is CEO of SpaceX, PayPal, and Tesla. Further, Elon Musk is known as a disrupture and he has discarded the misconception that the only best way to cut the business cost is outsourcing. Elon Musk is always rushing the group of technopreneurs who love to take risks. Bill Gates and Steve Jobs Other well-known technopreneurs cover Bill Gates who is the founder and owner of the award-winning firm of all time, Microsoft. But we never forget the late Steve Jobs. Of course, the film that has been made about Steve Jobs named “Pirates of Silicon Valley” that give him a title of technopreneur. That biographical film about that man showcases the real picture of the tech world that we have today. It involves all the creative actions involved in the building up of the global corporate empire, Steve Jobs Apple Computer Corporation. It is interesting to get such great technopreneurs at the same time. Both of these companies competed with each other in the past times on various events. The battle of these computer and software technology is appealing to watch. Diosdado “Dado” Banatao, Monstron Dado Banatao is a popular name in Filipino success stories and technopreneurs forum. He was born in Cagayan Valley Province, a place where landscapes of farm are visible. His father is a rice farmer and housekeeper. He then went to Ateneo de Tuguegarao and at an early age of 15 pursued college education at Mapua Institute of Technology where he graduated cum laude with an Electrical Engineering degree. After accomplishing a degree at Mapua Institute of Technology, Dado went to United States and worked while enrolling in a graduate study program at the University of Washington. He also pursued a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computing Science at Standord University. Dado was also fortunate for spending time with engineers and professors at Homebrew Computer Club, including the legendary Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. 6  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Dado was popular for having invented the two of the foundation technologies in every Personal Computer (PC) until today, that is, the chip set and the graphics acceleration architecture. He also founded technology start-ups during his time. Mostron, was one of that. During 1993, was the S3, considered the most profitable company in the world. During 1996, was Chips & Technologies which later that year he sold to Intel. Joey Gurango Joey shared his back story of how he had to go through bankruptcy and loss of programmers. His first real business was a pizza delivery. His first IT business was Macintosh. That is when Joey was known in the field of IT, forming and running successful software companies. He founded several companies during the 90s including Match Data Systems (MDS) USA in 1987, MDS Philippines in 1991, and MDS Australia in 1996. He also sold MDS to Great Plains Software, which was bought by Microsoft in 2001. Joey has co-founded several other software start-ups such as SPRING.ph. Joey served as the Asia Pacific Regional Director for Microsoft Business Solutions, before he left to form his own Gurango Software. He is currently the CEO of Gurango Software, global provider of Human Capital Management solutions. It is hailed as the most successful Microsoft Dynamics partner in the Philippines. He was also appointed President at the Philippine Software Industry Association. Currently, Joey also sits as one of the Directors at Xurpas Inc. and as Managing Director of Kation Technologies. Joey’s IT advocacy is to grow the Philippine software products sector to become a major contributor to nation-building. LESSON 3: CHALLENGES IN TECHNOPRENEURSHIP The following lists the “Top 10” challenges faced by entrepreneurs today, defines why each problem exists, and offers solutions so you can operate an efficient and successful business. 1. Cash flow management The challenge: Cash flow is essential to small business survival, yet many entrepreneurs struggle to pay the bills (let alone themselves) while they’re waiting for checks to arrive. Part of the problem stems from delayed invoicing, which is common in the entrepreneurial world. The solution: Proper budgeting and planning are critical to maintaining cash flow, but even these won’t always save you from stressing over bills. One way to improve cash flow is to require a down payment for your products and services. Your down payment should cover all expenses associated with a given project or sale as well as 7  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP some profit for you. By requiring a down payment, you can at least rest assured you won’t be left paying others’ bills; by padding the down payment with some profit, you can pay your own. 2. Hiring employees The challenge: Do you know who dreads job interviews the most? It’s not prospective candidates — it’s entrepreneurs. The hiring process can take several days of your time: reviewing resumes, sitting through interviews, sifting through so many unqualified candidates to find the diamonds in the rough. Then, you only hope you can offer an attractive package to get the best people on board and retain them. The solution: Be exclusive. Far too many help wanted ads are incredibly vague in terms of what qualifications candidates must have, what the job duties are, what days and hours will be worked, and what wages and benefits will be paid. You can save yourself a ton of time by pre-qualifying candidates through exclusive help wanted ads that are ultra-specific in what it takes to be hired at your firm, as well as what the day- to-day work entails. Approach your employee hunt the same way you would approach a customer-centric marketing campaign: through excellent targeting. 3. Time management The challenge: Time management might be the biggest problem faced by entrepreneurs, who wear many (and all) hats. If you only had more time, you could accomplish so much more! The solution: Make time. Like money, it doesn’t grow on trees, of course, so you have to be smart about how you’re spending it. Here’s how: Create goal lists: You should have a list of lifetime goals, broken down into annual goals, broken down into monthly goals, then broken down into weekly goals. Your weekly goals, then will be broken down into specific tasks by day. In this manner, what is on your task list in any given day is all you need to do to stay on track with your lifetime goals If any tasks do not mesh with your goals, eliminate them If any tasks do not absolutely have to be completed by you, delegate them Consistently ask yourself: “Is what I’m doing right now the absolute best use of my time?” 4. Delegating tasks The challenge: You know you need to delegate or outsource tasks, but it seems every time you do something gets messed up and you have to redo it anyway. The solution: Find good employees (see above) and good outsourced contract help, for starters. You might have to pay a little more for it, but the savings in time (and the resulting earning potential) more than make up for it. 5. Choosing what to sell The challenge: You know you could make a mint if you just knew what products and services to sell. You’re just unsure how to pick a niche. 8  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP The solution: Admit that you’re weak in identifying prosperous niches, and delegate the task to someone who is strong in this area. You don’t have to hire a huge, expensive marketing firm; rather, recruit a freelance researcher who has experience in whatever type of field you’re considering entering (retail e-commerce, service industry, publishing, etc.). Have them conduct market research and create a report with suggested niches, backed by potential profit margins and a complete SWOT analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. This isn’t to say you should have someone else decide for you; however, if you’re not good at identifying niches it’s a good idea to have someone who is make suggestions. You can then analyze the suggestions for yourself to determine if you agree. Taking this step now can save you a lot of time, money and hassles later — and it can save your entire business and livelihood. 6. Marketing strategy The challenge: You don’t know the best way to market your products and services: print, online, mobile, advertising, etc. You want to maximize your return on investment with efficient, targeted marketing that gets results. The solution: Again, if you’re not adept at creating marketing plans and placing ads, it’s a good idea to outsource your marketing strategy to someone who is. At this point, all you need is a core marketing plan: what marketing activities will you undertake to motivate purchases? Give your planner a budget and tell them to craft a plan that efficiently uses that budget to produce profits. 7. Capital The challenge: You want to start or grow your business, but you have little capital to do it with. The solution: There are many ways to earn funding, from traditional bank loans to family and friends to Kickstarter campaigns. You can choose these routes, certainly, but I prefer the self-fueled growth model in which you fund your own business endeavors. 8. Strapped budget The challenge: Even though cash flow is fine, it seems you never have enough in your budget to market your company to its full potential. The solution: Unless you’re one of the Fortune 500 (and even if you are), every entrepreneur struggles with their budget. The key is to prioritize your marketing efforts with efficiency in mind — spend your money where it works — and reserve the rest for operating expenses and experimenting with other marketing methods. 9. Business growth The challenge: We’re assuming you are growing, not that you can’t grow, and you’ve come to the point at which you can’t take on any more work in your current structure. The solution: Create new processes that focus on task delegation. Many entrepreneurs, used to wearing all the hats, find themselves in this position once they’ve achieved a modicum of success. Because you’re doing everything, your 9  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP growth halts to a stop when it hits a self-imposed ceiling. The only way to break through is to delegate tasks to others to take yourself out of the production end, and segue into management and, finally, pure ownership. 10. Self-doubt The challenge: An entrepreneur’s life is not enviable, at least in the beginning. It’s extremely easy to get discouraged when something goes wrong or when you’re not growing as fast as you’d like. Self-doubt creeps in, and you feel like giving up. The solution: Being able to overcome self-doubt is a necessary trait for entrepreneurs. Having a good support system will help: family and friends who know your goals and support your plight, as well as an advisory board of other entrepreneurs who can objectively opine as to the direction of your business. Assessment: Name: _____________________________________ Course & Year:___________ Date:______________________________________ Score:__________________ I. Enumeration: Enumerate the following: (50 points) - advantages of cyberpreneurship - characteristics of a successful cyberpreneurship - traits and characteristics of a technopreneurship - challenges of a technopreneurs - importance of technopreneurship 10  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP References: Cabugwason, M. (2020.03.25). Brainly. https://brainly.ph/question/2724224#readmore Alam, E. (2019). Cyberpreneurz. https://cyberpreneurz.com/cyberpreneur/what-is-cyberpreneurship.html Sison. A. J.. (2018.03.12). Technopreneurship 1010. https://alexisjohnsison.wordpress.com/2018/03/12/meeting-six-the- technopreneur-ecosystem/ Ibrahim, M.D. (2009.04.09) Business Computing. http://bizzcomputing.blogspot.com/2009/04/successful-traits-of- technopreneur.html Eyas, R.J. (2018.0309). Characteristics of Technopreneurs. https://rendell756719581.wordpress.com/2018/03/09/characteristics-of- technopreneurs/ 11  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP MODULE I Lesson 4, 5 & 6 Overview: This module will focus on creativity and innovation topics. Students will be able to understand the different creativity process and techniques. It will also focus on the different characteristics of creative individuals. The module also contains innovation and its concept. Different types of innovation will also be discussing on this module. And at the later part of the module, principles and importance of innovation and creativity will be elaborated. Objectives: At the end of the topics, the students are able to: 1. Describe creativity 2. Identify the creativity process 3. Recognize different creativity techniques 4. Describe characteristics of creative individuals 5. Define innovation 6. Discuss the different types of innovation 7. Describe the principles of innovation 8. Explain the importance of creativity and innovation Pre-test: Answer the following questions: 1. Briefly differentiate creativity from innovation. 2. Identify the different characteristics of creative individuals. 3. Why do you think creativity and innovation are important nowadays? 4. Identify the different types of innovation. 5. List the principles of innovation. Activity: 1. Create a group with three members. 2. Get a paper and pen for each member of the group. 3. Interview your groupmate about their thoughts for the following topics: - their own understanding of creativity and innovation - characteristics of creative individuals that they think they do have - how will creativity and innovation will help to come up a successful 12  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP business 4. Individually search for ten famous innovators of the world. Lesson 4 - What is creativity? - Creativity Process - Creativity Techniques Lesson 5 - Characteristics of creative individuals Lesson 6 - What is innovation? - Types of innovation? - Principles of Innovation - Importance of creativity and innovation LESSON 4: DEFINITION OF CREATIVITY Creativity is the characteristic of a person to generate new ideas, alternatives, solutions, and possibilities in a unique and different way. Creativity is the ability to conceive something unpredictable, original and unique. It must be expressive, exciting and imaginative. It is the mirror of how beautifully a person can think in any given circumstance. It is not genetic but can be developed if someone keeps on learning and comprehending things with a rare and exclusive perception. Creativity is a brainstorming and mind-blogging activity in which a person has to think beyond his imagination for bringing something worthwhile. It is an activity of unveiling something which was previously hidden. Examples of creativity: in the case of Uber, creativity was necessary in producing the concept of ride sharing and of making driving jobs accessible to any individual. another example can be the Google Glass, which although were very creative at the time (new, different in the market), were not necessarily innovative (monetary return over investment made by the company). 13  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP CREATIVITY PROCESS Creativity does not just happen. It is a cognitive process that produces new ideas or transforms old ideas into updated concepts. Scientists such as Jacques Hadamard and Henri Poincaré studied the creative process and contributed to the Creative Process Model, which explains how an individual can form seemingly random thoughts into an ideal combination or solution. The Preparation Step of the Creative Process Model During the preparation step of the creative process model, an individual becomes curious after encountering a problem. Examples of problems can include an artistic challenge or an assignment to write a paper. During this stage, she may perform research, creates goals, organize thoughts and brainstorm as different ideas formulate. For example, a marketing professional may prepare for a marketing campaign by conducting market research and formulating different advertisement ideas. The Incubation Step of the Creative Process Model While the individual begins to process her ideas, he begins to synthesize them using his imagination and begins to construct a creation. Gabora states that during this step, the individual does not actively try a find a solution, but continues to mull over the idea in the back of his head. The Illumination Step of the Creative Process Model As ideas begin to mature, the individual has an epiphany regarding how to piece her thoughts together in a manner that makes sense. The moment of illumination can happen unexpectedly. For example, an individual with the task of putting together an office party may have an idea for a theme while driving home from work. 14  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP The Evaluation Step of the Creative Process Model After a solution reveals itself in an epiphany, the individual then evaluates whether the insight is worth the pursuit. He may make changes to his solution so it is clearer. He may consult with peers or supervisors regarding his insights during this step before pursuing it further. If he works with clients, he may seek a client’s input and approval before moving on to the next step. The Implementation Step of the Creative Process Model The implementation of an idea or solution in the creative process model is when an individual begins the process of transforming her thoughts into a final product. For example, during this step, a painter may begin outlining shapes on a canvas with charcoal before applying oil paints to the medium. According to Gabora, an individual may begin this step more than once in order to reach the desired outcome. Example: A graphic designer may open a new digital canvas if she did not have the scale calculated correctly on a previous work, and she will continue to implement his ideas and make adjustments until she reaches a pleasing final product. DIFFERENT CREATIVITY TECHNIQUES Creativity techniques are methods that encourage creative actions, whether in the arts or sciences. They focus on a variety of aspects of creativity, including techniques for idea generation and divergent thinking, methods of re-framing problems, changes in the affective environment and so on. They can be used as part of problem solving, artistic expression, or therapy. Creative brainstorming exercises and techniques to help you get your problem-solving juices flowing. Storyboarding – it can help you see where your collective understanding of a problem supports or conflicts with a proposed solution, and where more thought/research is needed. By developing a visual story to explore the problem at hand as a narrative, your team will be able to see how ideas interact and connect to form a solution. Mind Mapping - Mind mapping is a fairly common term nowadays -- in fact, many types of software provide automated mind-mapping templates so you can better organize your data. Group Sketching - Visual thinking can help to trigger and develop ideas that discussion and writing might otherwise leave unturned. Similar to brain-writing, group sketching involves participants building on each other's ideas. 15  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Word Banking - is a fancy term for "word association," well, you're right. But in a word banking session, what you do with the words you come with is much more sophisticated. S.C.A.M.P.E.R. - is essentially a process for expanding and improving upon ideas by testing and questioning them from different angles. For each letter of the mnemonic, ask yourself a related question about your project or the problem at hand: Substitute, e.g.: What would happen to the project if we swapped X for Y? Combine, e.g.: What would happen to the project if we combined X and Y? Adapt, e.g.: What changes would need to be made to adapt this project to a different context? Modify, e.g.: What could we modify to create more value on this project? Put to another use, e.g.: What other uses or applications might this project have? Eliminate, e.g.: What could we remove from the project to simplify it? Reverse, e.g.: How could we reorganize this project to make it more effective? S.W.O.T. Analysis - S.W.O.T. stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Your SWOT analysis doesn't have to be all that complicated when brainstorming. In fact, it can simply be four columns on a whiteboard during your average "shout it out" ideas meeting. Six Thinking Hats - When approaching a new problem or project, have each member of your team put on one of these different "hats" for the discussion. Each "hat" represents a unique set of priorities and perspectives that will help focus your discussion and consider the project from a wide variety of angles. The method involves breaking down ideas into six areas of thought: 16  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Zero Draft - The Zero Draft is an ideation technique for individuals often used by writers and is essentially a form of focused free-writing. For marketers and agency professionals, it can help focus the first stages of a new project by establishing what you currently know and getting your initial ideas out of your brain and onto paper. Taking your central theme or topic: 1. Write down everything you currently know about the subject. 2. Write down what you need or want to know about the subject, but don't currently know. 3. Reflect on why the subject is important. 4. Add anything else that takes your fancy -- this is a chance to get whatever's floating around in your head out into the world. Brain Netting - Creative exercises and ideas meetings always go better the more people you have in the room. Unfortunately, that means remote employees might not be solicited for their input as much as they should be. Brain netting is the act of connecting with folks electronically to make sure everyone can offer their input and feedback on a project. Questioning Assumptions - Draw up a list of all the assumptions you can think of about your currently project -- true or not -- and discuss the list as a group, questioning 17  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP each one. Doing this at various stages in your campaign development can spark fresh ideas, as well as identify knowledge gaps. Wishing - This technique encourages your team to let imaginations run wild. Ask participants to dream up the most unattainable, extreme, and impractical solutions they can think of to a given problem. Create a list of a few dozen wishes pertaining to the task at hand. Alter-Egos/Heros - This is a fun exercise where small groups imagine how they would go about solving a given problem if their team were led by a famous character, fictional or real. Forced Connections - This exercise involves bringing together ideas that serve very different needs or interests to form a new concept. You see this sort of thinking all the time in products like the Apple watch, the Swiss Army knife, smartphones, or even sofa beds. Reverse Brainstorming - When you reverse brainstorm, you essentially work to create problems rather than solutions. 'Why on Earth would you want to do that?' You might ask. Creating problems teaches you what not to do so you're more intuitive to the needs of your project. Think of it like hacking your company to find out where the weaknesses are. Brain-Writing - The big advantage of brain-writing is that it makes sure everybody is given the opportunity to have their thoughts and ideas thoroughly considered by the group. This avoids the loudest or most extroverted people unintentionally dominating the sessions. LESSON 5: CHARACTERISTICS OF CREATIVE INDIVIDUALS Energetic - Creative people have a certain energy surrounding them. They tend to radiate a great deal of energy and put their whole heart into what they expend their energy on. This type of energy is different than let’s say, hyper-ness, in that it drives the creator into a positive direction and isn’t aimlessly expended. Energy helps the creator to pour passion into their creation and spread energy to others when they see what they have created. Intelligent - is another characteristic of being creative. There is an array of wisdom within the mind of a creative person, much like a gift that is hard to find. Creatives are smart and know how to utilize it in all the right areas. They are quick to come with ideas, and resourceful with their surroundings. Intelligence can come in many forms, but creative people tend to practice the abstract, artistic side of intelligence more often than not. Wisdom is a strong characteristic in the mind of a creative, because more intelligence naturally leads to more creative success. 18  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Sensitive - while being intelligent is a dominant characteristic, creative people also have a submissive side to them. They are sensitive to many things, because their hearts are constantly open to the world. Being emotional comes easy to them and many things make them cry. Creatives easily see both the joy and pain in everyday life which makes them sensitive to the whole spectrum of living. Being sensitive and vulnerable allows a creative to rip away any self-doubt and spill their complete passion and effort into their work. A sensitive heart may be perceived as submissive, but it truly is a gift for a creative to possess. Ambitious - creatives are highly ambitious in their pursuits. They are always looking for the next project and have an eager hand. Almost nothing discourages their preference to try something new. Constant creating causes creatives to look for more, and ambition gives them more. They seek and seek and eventually find what they are looking for. Whether that be in the smallest part of their day or the biggest event of their life, there is always something to pull from their experience to inspire their work. Naïve - another submissive characteristic many creatives have is to be naive. Being naive can be a very dangerous thing in this world, and creative people tend to fall into that naive pool quite often. But being naive isn’t entirely dangerous, it can help creatives learn from their mistakes and grow. It can help them open certain doors accidentally which helps them flourish from new discoveries. There is a certain amount of childlike innocence in a creative person because they look at the world with hopeful eyes and try to see the best in humanity. Being curious, or having a wandering spirit, goes hand in hand with being naive; The world is your backyard, but beware of dog, the world might bite back sometimes. Rebellious - creatives are a lot more rebellious than one may think. They take lots of risks and often. They aren’t afraid to mess up because they tend to see the good in it if they do. They may have lots of bruises and scars to prove their mistakes, but their rebellion keeps their heart alive with fire. With a heart full of fire and daring spirit, nothing can hurt a creative, not even the nastiest response from the world. Being rebellious means stepping out of the box and trying something out even it is results in failure, because creatives choose to look at is at an opporunity to grow either way it turns out. Extroverted and Introverted - can one person be both extroverted and introverted? Creatives sure can! Creative people have two sides to them, the private side and the public side. They can be social and personal, talkative and silent, shy and confident, all in the same body. Being extroverted has its perks and so does being introverted. Creative people are very willing to embrace things, and see the benefits in balancing just the right amount of extroverted, introverted-ness in order to reap all of its benefits. Playful - is what creatives are all about. They play with ideas until they get the result desired. They play with paints to achieve the right color, play with lens to capture the perfect photo, play with metal to build the right model, and you know quite well creatives ‘play with fire’. Being playful allows a creative to have fun. It allows them to 19  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP take what they do less seriously and put the joy into it by simply having a good time. And sometimes the best things come by mistake, or by accident, or by playing with fire. Open minded - it’s your creative friend, or anyone that is creative in this world for that matter. This is a big one, considering how open to possibilities creatives have to be to reap success. Being open minded allows creatives to climb mountains and venture into secret lands. It allows people to see through another lens without captivating themselves into a box of boundaries or restrictions. Being open minded helps creatives to be set free, and a creative that is free has the sky as their limit. Dreamer - creatives never stop dreaming. They dream in the day, in their minds constantly, in the evening, in the night and all over again the next day. Creatives dream because of how goal oriented they are, and they dream of these goals realistically in order to motivate them. Creatives can also get carried away, however, just like any individual. But for the most part, this dreaming we are talking of, its untouchable, because when a creative person wants something they go for it full heartedly, even if it did start out as a dream. LESSON 6: DEFINITION OF INNOVATION Innovation is an act of application of new ideas to which creates some value for the business organization, government, and society as well. Better and smarter way of doing anything is innovation. It could be the introduction of: New technology. New product line or segment. A new method of production. An improvement in the existing product. Innovation is closely tied to creativity i.e. putting creative ideas into action is an innovation, whose consequences should be positive. It is the process of doing something better for the first time, which was not previously done by any entity. It can also be termed as a change which can bring a new edge to the performance and productivity of the company. Examples of innovation: successful products and services like Care of, Amazon Scout, Impossible Food, Google’s self-driving taxis, … successful process innovations like Amazon predictive orders, or additive manufacturing processes. TYPES OF INNOVATION Incremental innovation - innovation that seeks to improve the systems that already exist, making them better, faster cheaper. 20  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Process innovation - Process innovation means the implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method. Red ocean innovation - Red Oceans refer to the known market space, i.e. all the industries in existence today. In red oceans, industry boundaries are defined and accepted, and the competitive rules of the game are known. Companies try to outperform their rivals to grab a greater share of existing demand usually through marginal changes in offering level and price. As the market space gets crowded, prospects for profits and growth are reduced. Products become commodities, and cutthroat competition turns the red ocean bloody. 21  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Service innovation - Service Innovation can be defined as “a new or considerably changed service concept, client interaction channel, service delivery system or technological concept that individually, but most likely in combination, leads to one or more (re)new(ed) service functions that are new to the firm. Business model innovation - Business Model Innovation (BMI) refers to the creation, or reinvention, of a business itself. Whereas innovation is more typically seen in the form of a new product or service offering, a business model innovation results in an entirely different type of company that competes not only on the value proposition of its offerings, but aligns its profit formula, resources and processes to enhance that value proposition, capture new market segments and alienate competitors. Sustainable innovation - Eco-innovation is a term used to describe products and processes that contribute to sustainable development 22  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Frugal innovation - Frugal Innovation is about doing more with less. Entrepreneurs and innovators in emerging markets have to devise low cost strategies to either tap or circumvent institutional complexities and resource limitations to innovate, develop and deliver products and services to low income users with little purchasing power. Frugal engineering. Blue ocean innovation - Blue Oceans represent the unknown market space, i.e. all the industries not in existence today. Blue oceans are defined by untapped market space, demand creation, and the opportunity for highly profitable growth. In blue oceans, competition is irrelevant because the rules of the game are not set. Blue oceans can be created by expanding existing industry boundaries or by reconstructing industry boundaries. 23  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Radical innovation - sometime referred to as breakthrough, discontinuous or disruptive innovations) provide something new to the world that we live in by uprooting industry conventions and by significantly changing customer expectations in a positive way. Ultimately, they often end up replacing existing methods / technologies. Open source innovation / Crowdsourcing - in production and development, open source is a philosophy or pragmatic methodology that promotes free redistribution and access to an end product’s design and implementation details. Experience innovation - Companies that try to create holistic experiences by emotionally engaging their consumers. 24  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP (Im)possible innovation Disruptive innovation - A disruptive innovation is an innovation that helps create a new market and value network, and eventually goes on to disrupt an existing market and value network (over a few years or decades), displacing an earlier technology. 25  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP User led innovations - The user is king. It’s a phrase that’s repeated over and over again as a mantra: Companies must become user-centric. But there’s a problem: It doesn’t work. Here’s the truth: Great brands lead users, not the other way around. Supply chain innovation - Supply chain innovation is about applying best practices and technological innovations to your own supply chain in order to reduce such cycle and wait times and other waste (to use a Lean term) in your in-house processes. PRINCIPLES OF INNOVATION New ideas and their application are the lifeblood of successful innovation. Yet paradoxically we see the same things written about innovation again and again: processes, flowcharts, rules, and guidelines. These principles should not be regarded as solutions, but rather as a fresh, creative approach to innovation. Curiosity - Being curious comes naturally to our species. In the tradition of Leonardo da Vinci, people have long looked at the world around them and asked how it works. Innovation begins when we take what we see and apply it to the task at hand. 26  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Play - Play isn’t just for kids. Role-playing and other games can open our eyes to new possibilities and insights. Countless great innovations have come from the happy accidents and curious pairings that are made possible in a playful environment. Intuition - There are plenty of things that we know and sense are right, but often we forget them. Gut feeling is a powerful tool. Follow your hunches and your instincts to cut through conventions–the results may feel right to other people too. Collaboration - Medical professionals have long known the value of collaboration; a plethora of surgical tools and other instruments have been developed by those who use them. Think of your customers as experts–experts at being your customers–and call on them as a massive innovation team! Diversity - If you ask the same people the same things every time … you get the picture. Imagine what you can learn from people who don’t use your products, from professionals in other fields, or those in different parts of your organization. What looks like a problem from one viewpoint may appear as an opportunity from another? Failure - Mistakes can cost money, but playing it safe every time can cost you your business. Innovative organisations create the space and license for trial and error. They know that learning from failure can lead to success. Courage - As the song says, “They all laughed at Christopher Columbus.” Innovations challenge us, they take us out of our comfort zones and disrupt the status quo. You need passion and belief to make things happen and to take people with you. Momentum - A single idea isn’t enough to make your business innovative. Momentum comes from creating a culture of innovation where ideas are constantly being generated and systems support, rather than hinder, bringing them to market. IMPORTANCE OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION Importance of Creativity Creativity engages the mind. Creativity frees the mind in a way that enables a person to absorb knowledge more easily. It makes processing learning more efficient Creativity enables alternative ways of thinking. It unblocks old patterns or habits of thinking. It allows for non-linear thinking. Creativity enables empathy. Creativity connects us to ourselves. It opens our hearts and doors to our mind. It brings us to hidden parts of ourselves. It allows recognition of uniqueness and identity. It can help draw out what is already there within – hidden talents and inner capacities can emerge. It connects us with our passions. Creative participation nurtures a sense of togetherness. It brings people together and can nurture skills in teamwork and cooperation. 27  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Creativity challenges. Creativity can connect reflection with action. Creativity builds intercultural connections. It connects us to different cultures and sub-cultures. Creativity nurtures confidence. Creativity builds confidence. When they are confident, young people are less easily influenced by others Creativity instills curiosity. It encourages questions. Creative expression gives a voice. It can help capture ideas, thoughts and visions about the world. Young people can advocate for themselves and for others. Creativity is participatory and interactive. When engaging with creativity, young people are not passively listening/absorbing, but are exploring, discovering and communicating. It can support young people to be more active and present as members of society. Creativity stimulates and motivates. Creativity brings us beyond words. It allows exploration and communication beyond the limitation of words. Creativity is fun and joyful and surprising. Creativity keeps the mind active. Creativity engages different learning styles. Creative methods enable engagement through a variety of learning styles. Everyone learns and engages differently. Creativity allows us to view and solve problems more openly and with innovation. Creativity opens the mind. A society that has lost touch with its creative side is an imprisoned society, in that generations of people may be closed minded. It broadens our perspectives and can help us overcome prejudices. Creativity inspires collective thinking. Creativity nurtures ideas. Creativity supports resilience. Importance of Innovation Competitive advantage in the market - the main reasons behind the same are the ever-growing competition from the new as well as the established players in the market, evolving tastes of the customers, and the changing norms and policies of the government. It is essential for the brands to come up with the product and services offerings that are high on the aspect of innovation giving the brand the much required competitive advantage. 28  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Loyal customers - one of the most difficult tasks for the brands in the market is to retain the long list of loyal customers and keep on adding to the list. And that is only possible when the brands are able to solve their pain and problem areas with the product and service offerings that are new, novel, and innovative. Unique selling proposition - If we conduct market research that can be of primary or secondary nature, we will figure out that each and every successful brand has a unique selling proposition. And that is their intellectual property and works as an inspiration for their contemporaries in the market. And the unique selling proposition can be arrived and derived on the basis of innovation. Enhanced brand value - if we take a look at the brand examples that are known for their high brand value, it is the factor of innovation that makes it possible for them. KFC is known for its unique flavors, Apple is known for its cutting edge technology, and Louis Vuitton is known for its high-end quality and design elements. Constant Improvement- research and development are slowly becoming a huge part of every company in order to stay relevant in the market beating the competition. And one of the crucial motives of the management of the firm behind the same is to come up with the products and services that are high on innovation and novelty. Attracts expert talent - there is a lot of talented workforce in the market that is looking out for the opportunity and the company that is open to new ideas and innovations. And when the firm itself is open to embrace the aspects of innovation and break the mundane rut of traditional offerings, it attracts expert talent. Growth and Success - with the factors and attributes of innovative products and services that are meeting the needs and demands of the customers, expert and talented team of people, through research and development, and the long list of loyal customers; the company grows in leaps and bounds enjoying the pinnacle of success. Creative edge - understanding the Importance of Innovation and following the same in each of the business operations gives a much required creative edge to the brand. Innovations have to be creative in nature apart from meeting the aspects of rationality and functionality. 29  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Assessment: Name: _____________________________________ Course & Year:___________ Date:______________________________________ Score:__________________ I. Essay. Briefly discuss based on your acquired knowledge on these topics. 1. Differentiate creativity from innovation. 2. Why do you think creativity and innovation are important nowadays? 3. In your own understanding, discuss briefly the creative process and site an example. II. Enumeration: Enumerate the following: - Identify at least five characteristics of creative individual that you think you have. - Identify the different types of innovation. - Identify five key differences of creativity and innovation 30  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP References: Surbi, S. (2015.03.09). Key Diffrences. https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-creativity- and-innovation.html Innoway.me. (2018.02.18). Innovation, Invention, and Creativity. https://innoway.me/innovation-definition/ Cross-Industry Innovation. (2019.03.15). 15 Types of Innovation https://thegentleartofsmartstealing.wordpress.com/types-of-innovation/ Foley, N. (2010.11.01). Eight Principles of Innovation. https://landor.com/eight-principles-of-innovation Carson, J. (2019.08.09). Why Creativity is Important and What Does it Contribute?. https://www.youth.ie/articles/why-is-creativity-important-and-what-does-it- contribute/ Navilon, G. (2019.07.27). The Creative Process. https://ideapod.com/the-creative-process/ 31  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP MODULE 1 Overview This module will focus on strategies on how to encourage creativity and innovation as well as intellectual property topics. Students will be able to identify strategies in a team, within themselves, in a business, and in a work place in encouraging creativity and innovation. It will also focus on intellectual property and its concept. The module contains various types of intellectual property and its importance. Objectives: At the end of the topics, the students are able to: 1. Identify strategies to encourage creativity and innovation - in a team - within yourself - in a busness - in the workplace 2. Define Intellectual property 3. Understand the needs of Intellectual Property 4. Describe the various types of Intellectual Property 5. Discuss the importance of Intellectual Property Pre-test: 32  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Answer the following questions: 1. What are the different strategies to encourage creativity and innovation ina a team, in a business, in a workplace, and within you. 2. Describe Intellectual Property. 3. Why do you think Intellectual Property is needed? 4. Identify the different types of Intellectual Property. 5. List the importance of Intellectual Property. Activity: 1. Get a paper and pen for each member of the group. 2. Search for the different types of Intellectual Property and its application. 3. Search for the history of Intellectual Property - 4. Research about Republic ACT 8293 Lessons 7 - Strategies to encourage creativity and innovation in a team within yourself in a business in the workplace Lesson 8 - Intellectual property - Needs of Intellectual Property - Types of Intellectual Property - Importance of Intellectual Property LESSON 7: STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN A TEAM Team innovation is the backbone of every successful company. It’s what sets a business apart from the competition, and helps it grow and prosper. Getting your staff to think creatively isn’t always easy, though. In a survey by Robert Half, 35 percent of chief financial officers said the greatest roadblock to organizational breakthroughs is a lack of innovative ideas. Executives polled also cited excessive bureaucracy (24 percent) and being bogged down with daily tasks or putting out fires (20 percent) as other major barriers. 33  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Ten ways to overcome those challenges and encourage creativity and innovation in your team. Give employees a reason to care - if people aren’t feeling connected to your company, there’s little incentive for them to be innovative. Make sure you keep your team in the loop on your firm’s strategies and challenges, and invite their input. Employees who are involved early on in processes and plans will be motivated to see them through to completion. Their active participation will fuel more ideas than if they learn of initiatives second-hand. Empower your employees to make decisions and take action - people who are trusted to take safe risks and attempt new ways of doing things just may stumble across that next great business solution. Be careful about being too critical when things go wrong, though, because employees will take note. No one wants to be the Centre of negative attention, and people will hold back on making suggestions if they’re worried about potential consequences. Don’t make staff jump through hoops - you may think that it’s easy for employees to offer their ideas, but is it really? If managers are constantly behind closed doors and meetings tend to be one-way discussions, the message to staff is that their feedback isn’t welcome. Make sure you and other leaders keep your office doors open as much as possible, let employees know directly that their ideas are always valued and keep formal discussions on a two-way street. Also use your intranet, brainstorming sessions or even an old-fashioned suggestion box to solicit input. Do what you can to remove the red tape - consider which internal processes might be stifling innovation. For instance, it can be demoralizing if recommendations must go through multiple layers of approvals in the organization and take a significant time before they’re implemented, if at all. Look for ways to streamline the process so people can see their good ideas in action quickly. Rethink competition - setting up contests for individuals at work can be useful for goals such as achieving sales targets. However, be cautious about creating too competitive of a work environment when you’re trying to encourage innovation. When employees are aiming for a reward, they may be reluctant to speak up for fear that their suggestions will be stolen. Instead, promote the value of collaboration. Calm the naysayers - A key reason people often hesitate to offer fresh proposals is that they worry what others might say. No one wants to have their ideas shot down immediately or become fodder for jokes. Make sure you’re doing all you can to make it safe to brainstorm. Even if someone makes an unrealistic suggestion, thank the person for thinking creatively. Also make sure that people can offer their recommendations in writing if they’re not comfortable speaking up. Stress to the entire team that you welcome input any way they prefer to share it with you. 34  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Ease up - employees who’ve been working sixty-hour weeks for months on end aren’t very likely to make notable contributions other than completing basic assignments. When people feel overworked, their last priority is trying to be creative; they just want to get through what must be done at the moment. Make preventing burnout a high priority - Developing programs that promote work- life balance, such as offering telecommuting or paid time off for volunteer work, can help. Redistribute workloads when necessary and consider bringing in temporary professionals during peak demands to keep everyone fresh and focused. Set the example - recognize that as a leader, you are the model for the entire team. If you never think creatively with your own work, you can’t really expect your employees to do the opposite. Do what you can to minimize your own stress so you can be at your best - It stands to reason that a relaxed, positive mood is more conducive to innovative thoughts than a tense one. Whenever possible, don’t skip your lunch break, and take a head-clearing walk when you need to recharge. STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN YOURSELF Inspiring greater creativity in your business can help spur innovation. You need to create a culture in which all employees are actively encouraged to put ideas forward. But how do you get the best from people and help them to be creative? 1. Stress the importance of creativity for the business - ensure all your staff know that you want to hear their ideas. Make sure they understand how innovation keeps your firm competitive. 2. Make time for new ideas - Allocate time for thinking about different approaches. For example: set aside time for brainstorming; hold regular group workshops; arrange team days out; give individuals the space to reflect privately on their work. 3. Actively solicit creative suggestions - place suggestion boxes around the workplace. Appeal for original ways to solve particular problems. Keep your door open to anyone with new ideas. Encourage people to work together and share ideas. Individuals within the team can feed off each other – exploring, testing and refining new approaches. 4. Train staff in innovation techniques - Your staff may be unfamiliar with the skills involved in creative problem-solving. Consider training sessions in techniques such as brainstorming, lateral thinking and mind-mapping. 35  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP 5. Cross-fertilise - Broadening people's experiences can be a great way to kickstart innovation. Short-term job swaps and shadowing in-house can introduce a fresh perspective. Encourage people to look at how other businesses do things, even in other sectors. Consider how different approaches can be adapted or improved. 6. Challenge the way staff work - Encourage employees to keep looking anew at the way they approach their work. Ask people what works well and what doesn't. 7. Be supportive - Respond enthusiastically to all ideas. Never make someone offering an idea, however hopeless, feel foolish. Give even the most apparently outlandish of ideas a chance to be aired. 8. Tolerate mistakes - A certain amount of risk-taking is inevitable with creative thinking. Allow people to learn from their mistakes. Don't put off the creative flow by penalising those whose ideas don't work out. 9. Reward creativity - Motivate individuals or teams who come up with winning ideas by actively recognizing creativity, for example through an awards scheme. 10. Act on ideas - Creativity is only worthwhile if it results in action. Provide the time and resources to develop and implement those ideas that are worth acting upon. STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN A BUSINESS When you’re striving to develop a culture of business innovation, you need to be intentional about your process. How exactly do you encourage people to innovate, particularly if your existing workplace culture is not as creative as you’d like? 1. Be Open - when you’re trying to generate a creative culture, open the doors. Develop ways for your users, your employees, and other companies in completely different areas of business to influence your thinking. Be permeable, and you’ll discover that you’ll absorb new ideas from diverse sources. 2. Given the Opportunity to Grow - sometimes, encouraging creativity and innovation is as simple as giving people permission to try out their ideas and reach for what they aspire to be. In each position, build in the potential for growth in new directions. Allow your employees to tackle new challenges with your support and shift their job in some of the directions that they wish to go. Check in with your employees during personal job reviews or group meetings and get their frank opinions on where they think their job should move and where their talents would be best utilized. An individual who’s using all of her talents will perform in a more creative, innovative, and committed way. 36  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP 3. Say Yes - when you’re trying to create an innovative environment, give your employees a way to show that their ideas work. Say yes as often as you can. Give your employees the gift of flexibility. In the earlier days at Google, staff were given 20 percent of their time to spend on innovative side projects that could make a difference. The company chose to invest in employees’ abilities by saying yes to this time. 4. Communicate, Listen, and Collaborate - does your employees really listen to each other? As a manager, do you truly encourage collaboration, or do you have a plan and move forward with it, only getting the feedback that suits your plan? As the person in charge, it can be tempting to go with the existing plan or the one that seems best to you. Instead, create a workplace culture that focuses on true communication, listening, and collaboration. Allow your employees to express their ideas and opinions without negative judgment and with less scripting, and you’ll find that you’ll get fruitful suggestions that will help you improve business practices and find new ways to solve problems. STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN THE WORKPLACE Ways of fostering and growing creativity in the workplace, here as some of the ways that creativity can be encouraged in the workplace. Enforce employee diversity - creativity thrives in diversity. Having employees with creative ideas, from diverse backgrounds, and having different levels of qualifications is one of the crucial ways of enforcing diversity. The unique mix of diverse employees ensures a heterogeneous environment of different ideas where workers can share a wide mix of ideas. This is as opposed to a uniform set of workers who can easily agree on issues in the workplace, therefore leaving little room for constructively-diverse thoughts. Such diversity can only be enforced during the hiring stage where the company should hire workers from different diverse backgrounds. A diversely- composed team would generally tend to disagree on many aspects of work such as strategies to resolve workplace challenges. The disagreement would be a healthy environment where ideas would be shared and defended appropriately. Creating a positive working environment - a too serious working environment creates an atmosphere of fear and tension, an environment that is counter creativity. On the other hand, having an environment that is fun-filled normally inspires the workers to think creatively. The positive mood that is created by the fun atmosphere is normally regarded as a psychological ingredient that spurs workers towards flexing their thoughts more. Various companies have utilized this pretext to make their workplaces more suitable for workers. For instance, Google has implemented a 20 percent policy which requires that workers dedicate 20 percent of their working hours into personal projects which prosper creativity. Researchers propose unconventional ways of promoting a positive working environment such as having some light music and pets in the office. Such sounds of nature produce a mentally relaxing environment where creative thinking thrives. 37  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Teamwork and personal projects - both teamwork and personal projects can equally promote creativity in the workplace. Teamwork normally requires workers to appreciate the value of working together to resolve a challenge. The diverse ideas posed when such workers come together normally promotes tabling and defending of innovative ideas which can be cultivated to bring about positive growth in creativity among the workers. Team workers normally have their confidence boosted when they propose ideas at the team level and have the said ideas supported at the team level. On the other hand, personal projects can also significantly promote creativity. Giving a worker a challenge to work on is a sure way of enforcing the worker’s ability to think critically and creatively as they target coming up with a solution. The extra personal chore that a worker is allocated makes them come up with spontaneous ideas which bring about creativeness. Delegation of responsibilities - micromanagement, the opposite of delegation of responsibilities, is an enemy to innovation and creativeness in the workplace. Delegating responsibilities to workers, especially the sub-management type of responsibilities makes the workers want to promote their active thinking as opposed to when the workers are micromanaged where they tend to limit their thoughts and confine themselves to the instructions issued by the management. Whereas the workers should not be entirely left unmanaged, leaving them with an ample space to make minor decisions puts a sense of responsibility and thus accountability on their shoulders. The resultant expectations empower the workers to work towards autonomy of thought. Reward creativity - nothing beats inspiring workers to become creative as rewarding their creativity. Rewarding the workers motivates them to maintain a certain course and standard of operations. The rewards also create a standard whereby workers tend to emulate their friends who would have received rewards. To increase the incentives of such workers to work towards being creative, the rewards have to be something tangible such as monetary tokens or even intangible such as being announced by the CEO during an annual meeting. 38  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP LESSON 8: DEFINITION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Intellectual property refers to the creations of the mind. It can be an invention (patent/utility model), a design (industrial design), a brand name (trademark, or a literacy and artistic work, copyright) Intellectual property, or IP as it is commonly referred to, consists of all the pieces of your business that you or your employees have thought of. It’s the things that differentiate you from the competition that you came up with using your intellect – your brain. IP is the original concepts and ideas conceived of and developed by employees, or workers and advisors under contract to do so, that become corporate assets. This includes things like: inventions work processes articles, blog posts, case studies, and other content books illustrations photos music logos product and business names taglines slogans movies games 39  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP NEEDS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN A BUSINESS Why you need to protect your Intellectual Property? Protecting your ideas - intellectual property protects more than just an idea or a concept – it protects genuine business assets that may be integral to the core services of the business and overall long-term viability. Intellectual property can consist of many different areas, from logos and corporate identity through to products, services and processes that differentiate your business offering. It’s when these ideas are used without permission that an organization can suffer. Almost all businesses have undoubtedly benefited from the internet, where products, services and marketing communications can reach vast audiences at relatively low costs - but this has also increased the chances of intellectual property theft. Companies of all sizes are at risk of having their unique ideas, products or services infringed upon, even if they are on the other side of the world, making intellectual property protection more important than ever. Keep your ideas When you have a great idea for a product or service, there will always be people who will want to duplicate your success and sell your ideas as their own. Depending on individual circumstances, you can use patents, trademarks or copyrights – all of which cover different areas of intellectual property. These can be used to prevent competitors or anyone else from using your ideas for their own profit without your consent. Read more about the forms of IP. IP protection applies to businesses of all sizes; even huge corporations have had their ideas infringed upon and have made multi-million pound lawsuits; just look at the on-going disputes between Apple and Samsung over their smartphones. Protect business growth - if you are a small business, it’s very important to protect any unique products or services that you own as competitors can use your success to take away market share, resulting in slow growth or loss of revenue. Losing market share early on in a business’s development can be devastating and time consuming if trying to chase up the guilty party without any legal protection. It’s important to remember that no one else will check to see if your intellectual property has been infringed; it’s your responsibility to ensure that no one else is using your assets. It’s easier than you think - it may seem initially daunting or time consuming, but protecting your IP is well worth the time and effort and isn’t as difficult as you may think. Whilst you cannot protect an idea itself, can protect the means by which you put the idea into operation and this is what you would protect using Intellectual Property (IP). THE IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPOERTY IN A BUSINESS 40  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Why is it important to protect intellectual property rights? Your IP rights are important because they can: set your business apart from competitors be sold or licensed, providing an important revenue stream offer customers something new and different form an essential part of your marketing or branding be used as security for loans TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Intellectual property rights include patents, copyright, industrial design rights, trademarks, plant variety rights, trade dress, geographical indications, and in some jurisdictions Industrial design right - an industrial design right (sometimes called "design right" or design patent) protects the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three-dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Generally speaking, it is what makes a product look appealing, and as such, it increases the commercial value of goods. Plant breeders' rights - Plant breeders' rights or plant variety rights are the rights to commercially use a new variety of a plant. The variety must amongst others be novel and distinct and for registration the evaluation of propagating material of the variety is considered. Trademark - is a recognizable sign, design or expression which distinguishes products or services of a particular trader from similar products or services of other traders. 41  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Patent - is a form of right granted by the government to an inventor or their successor- in-title, giving the owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, and importing an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfill three main requirements: it has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.:17 To enrich the body of knowledge and stimulate innovation, it is an obligation for patent owners to disclose valuable information about their inventions to the public. Copyright - gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time. Copyright may apply to a wide range of creative, intellectual, or artistic forms, or "works". Copyright does not cover ideas and information themselves, only the form or manner in which they are expressed. Trade secret - a trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or compilation of information which is not generally known or reasonably ascertainable, by which a business can obtain an economic advantage over competitors and customers. There is no formal government protection granted; each business must take measures to guard its own trade secrets (e.g., Formula of its soft drinks is a trade secret for Coca-Cola.) 42  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Assessment: Name: _____________________________________ Course & Year:___________ Date:______________________________________ Score:__________________ I. Essay. 1. Briefly discuss the strategies to encourage creativity and innovation on the following: a) in a team b) in a workplace c) in a business d) within yourself 2. Briefly discussed the different type of intellectual property 3. Briefly discuss Intellectual Property Risk Management based on your own understanding and words. II. Enumeration: Enumerate the following: - List the importance of intellectual property. - List the needs of intellectual property. 43  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP References: Half, R. (2020.01.12) How to Encourage Innovation in your Team? https://www.roberthalf.co.nz/management-advice/team/encourage-innovation Square Space. (2018.09.20). Ten Ways to Encourage Creative Thinking. https://www.marketingdonut.co.uk/marketing-strategy/marketing-recruitment- and-management/ten-ways-to-encourage-creative-thinking O'Connell, B. (2018.08.15). How to Encourage Creativity in The Workplace? https://customerthink.com/how-to-encourage-creativity-in-the-workplace/ NIBusiness. (2020.02.13). Protecting Intellectual Property. https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/importance-protecting-intellectual- property Wikipedia. Intellectual Property. Retrieved date 06.20.2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property 44  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP MODULE II LESSON 10, 11 & 12 Overview This module will focus on business ownership and its concepts topics. Students will be able to identify different types of business ownership. It will also focus on the advantages and disadvantages of business ownership. The module contains key factors types on entrepreneurial success. And lastly, discussion will end on the factors to consider in starting up a new business intellectual property and its importance. Objectives: At the end of the topics, the students are able to: 1. Describe business ownership 2. Identify types of business ownership 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each business ownership 4. Describe the different key factors that influence entrepreneurial venture. 5. Explain the factors to consider in starting a new venture Pre-test: Answer the following questions: 1. What is business ownership in your own understanding or idea? 2. Describe the different types of business ownership. 3. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of business ownership. 4. List the factor that is important in starting a new business. 5. Identify the PROS and CONS of the different types of business ownership. Activity: 1. Create a group with three members. 2. Get a pen and paper. 3. Collaborate with your groupmates and come up with three possible business that you would like to start-up. 4. What are the possible factors that you concern in setting-up new business? Lesson 10 - What is Business Ownership? - Types of Business Ownership - Advantages and Disadvantages of business ownership 45  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP Lesson 11 - Key factors on entrepreneurial success. Lesson 12 - Factors to consider in starting up a new venture LESSON 10: What is Business Ownership? Over the millennia and across cultures, notions regarding what constitutes "property" and how it is treated culturally have varied widely. Ownership is the basis for many other concepts that form the foundations of ancient and modern societies such as money, trade, debt, bankruptcy, the criminality of theft, and private vs. public property. Ownership is the key building block in the development of the capitalist socio-economic system. Adam Smith stated that one of the sacred laws of justice was to guard a person's property and possessions. Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be any asset, including an object, land or real estate, or intellectual property. Ownership involves multiple rights, collectively referred to as title, which may be separated and held by different parties. Business Ownership – refers to the control over an enterprise, providing the power to dictate the operations and functions. TYPES OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP Sole Proprietorship - a business owned and operated by a single individual -- and the most common form of business structure in the United States. Partnership - a business that is owned and operated by two or more people -- and the least used form of business organization in the United States. Private Corporation - a business that is a legal entity created by the state whose assets and liabilities are separate from its owners. S Corporation - a form of ownership that is the best of both partnerships and corporations. Owners have limited liability, greater credibility (for obtaining financing), and no double taxation as all profits pass directly to the owners and the corporation pays no taxes. There are, however, restrictions on the number and type of shareholders. Limited Liability Company (LLC) - A form of ownership that is growing in popularity in the United States. 46  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OWNERSHIP Advantages Disadvantages Type of Corporation - Unlimited liability, - Easy and inexpensive to meaning business create debts are personal - Flexibility and control to your debts Sole Proprietorship liking - Limited source of - Few Government regulations financing - Tax advantages if struggling - Limited resources - Profits taxed once - Unlimited liability for - Easy to organize some partners* Partnerships - Combined knowledge, skills - Possible conflict (General/Limited and resources development between Partnerships) - Few Government regulations partners - Taxed once - Shared profits - Being taxed twice (as a legal entity and as an owner) - Limited liability - Greater Government Corporation - Easier to raise capital due to regulations to adhere to greater sources of funding - More expensive to set up - Extensive record keeping required - Simple to organize and - Generally only available Limited Liability operate to a group of Company - Flexible in nature professionals such as - Taxed as a partnership lawyers or accountants - Greater Government - Limited liability for owners regulations to adhere to S Corporation - Greater credibility for financing - Restrictions on number - No double taxation and type of shareholders - Superior training and systems - One-time Franchising offered Fee for owning a - Guidance on marketing, franchise location advertising, financing, - Recurring royalty fees Franchise accounting etc. as a percentage of - Franchise networks to share sales or profits experiences (great knowledge - Tight restrictions that base) limit control 47  TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY College of Information and Communication Technology HC 1102 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP - Purchases must be made from specific suppliers - Contributing to marketing fund, but having no control over it - Selling franchise location requires approval from franchisor - Longer decision making process - Participation of all - Democratic control members required Co-operative - Limited liability - Conflict possibility - Equal profit distribution between members - Extensive record keeping required LESSON 11: KEY FACTORS TO ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS The most critical and most important key success factors that can make an entrepreneur become a successful entrepreneur are: Willingness to take action- is the first and most important factor for “would be” and current entrepreneurs. All other entrepreneurial key success factors, are not necessary if you are a person who afraid to take real action. Actions are something that can lead you to the success. Without actions, you can’t expect to become a successful business owner. Entrepreneurial knowledge - are persons who must have superior knowledge about specific business issues for the business that they have started. Your knowledge will increase your business potential