HBG 2_ Intro Amino Acids PDF

 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ho Kok Lian Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences ba V cte irus ria or inf ec ti on EVERY LIFE PROCESS DEPENDS ON PROTEINS WHICH AR...

 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ho Kok Lian Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences ba V cte irus ria or inf ec ti on EVERY LIFE PROCESS DEPENDS ON PROTEINS WHICH ARE MADE UP OF AMINO ACIDS (2)  Amino acid AMINO ACIDS PROTEINS  chiciphit Polar create acid Ledaas § General properties Amino ↳ non-pola Sophosis Falls : § Side-chain properties § Nutritionally essential amino acids  Hydrogen NHL on atom yesa Gnical case except to diffe R. -OH S *except glycine H Chiral carbon* Amino Carboxyl group +H N 3 Ca COO- group R am ad allCan eave n e L R-GROUP / SIDE-CHAIN it (20 different side chains) HON-C-100- Th Xchival carson.  Sterevijumer (enantiomen) =minmase H H +H N 3 C COO- -OOC C NH3+ R R "L" lieft lokat camino scoupl L2 - configuration. D - configuration. = amino group-left Mirror a minu sour-right. ↓ crelfand in humans L amino acid E found in human Found in body proteins } 20 amino acids ® 20 different side-chains } Side-chain properties can be grouped into 6: (a) Non-polar, aliphatic side chains (b) Uncharged polar side chains H (c) Acidic side chains +H N 3 C COO- (d) Basic side chains R (e) Sulfur containing side chains (exta) (f) Aromatic ring containing side chains *Some amino acids can be categorised into two or more groups  pointy > - electronesatiety of an atom dul php1 M to On } - Val (V) = valive Hydrophobic, mainly }-Ile (I) ~ isoleucine water insoluble, ~ Leu (L) } stay away from water Leucine } Met (M) ↑ methiours - } Phe (F) o > Gramati = phans alone- - } Trp (W) etryptophen I Phospholipid } Ala (A) alanme = bilayer - }↑ Pro (P) -maine L } Gly (G) estaire the ores - enreaded i HN--LOOH " the phospholipia Silaze Trans-membrane protein across the cell ↳ nonchialcan ! G membrane haphosia  H H +H N 3 C COO- +H N 3 C COO- CH3 Ala CH2 Val CH3 CH3 H H +H N 3 C COO- CH2 +H N 2 C COO- H2C CH2 C Pro Phe H2 coronatio  Cneutral ( Water soluble, } Ser (S) Ser, Thr & Tyr have hydroxyl group (-OH) serine (site of phosphorylation ) } Thr (T) threonine Asn, Gln have amide group (-NH2) } Tyr (Y) Tyrosine } Asn (N) aspcrasie } Gln (Q) slutemine Ser,Thr, Tyr } Cys (C) cysteire Asn, Gln } His (H), pH > 6 Phosphate radical Historing Histidine, having imidazole ring, offer buffer function for the body at16 The titration curve of histidine https://www.brainkart.com/article/Amino-Acids-Can-Act-as-Both-Acids-and- Bases_27455/  H +H N 3 C COO- H H CH2 +H N 3 C COO- +H N 3 C COO- CH2 CH2 C OH O NH2 Ser OH Tyr Asn Electronegativity of O & N atoms gives the polarity  H H +H N 3 C COO- +H N 3 C COO- -CH CH2 + 2H+ "Mindance 2 ↑ HN: ring HN: N+ N: S H & Polar, pH> 6 Basic, pH< 6 J pI His = pH 7.6 } Asp (D) H Acidic side chains (negative) } Glu (E) +H 3N C COO- } Arg (R) a I } Lys (K) Basic side chains (positive) b CH2 } His (H) numberin g CH2 *pH < 6 an H c uncul d CH2 Arg NH +H 3N C COO- e CH2 Positively charged C Asp ----- z &+ NHH2 N 2 C actare amo stattached Negatively charged to O O- donw) Chacrusen C ofrenay =Saris } Methionine (met, M) H } Cysteine (cys,C) +H 3N C COO- H CH2 +H N C COO- CH2 3 S CH2 CH3 SH Methionine Cysteine Chydrophobic a, Glide chain hydrophobic Cys S S Cys disulfide bond } Phenylalanine (phe, F) } Tyrosine (Tyr, Y) } Tryptophan (Trp, W) H H +H N 3 C COO- +H N 3 C COO- CH2 CH2 - (non-polar Phenylalanine Tryptophan  is ensure in A. The amino acids embedded in the plasma membrane containing non-polar side-chain T B. Serine and threonine have –OH group for C. chacedonir phosphorylation T u ea Arginine is a basic amino acid T D. zami Lysine is a sulfur containing amino acid F E. Histidine offers buffer function for the body T overe apH6 } Nine amino acids that CANNOT BE SYNTHESISED in the body food for only secured. - can § Phenylalanine (Phe, F) § Valine (Val, V) § Tryptophan (Trp, W) § Threonine (Thr, T) § Isoleucine (Ile, I) § Methionine (Met, M) § Histidine (His, H) must menuie * § Leucine (Leu, L) Mnemonic: ↳PriVaTe TIM HaLL § Lysine (Lys, K) ↳ pathway mechanism Imanonse also *Histidine is semi-essential; (essential in growing children only)  contherine only at certain condition A conditions indiet Isynthesised at a -when methimied ↓ secures cats are griminative casterivl enential ↑ - Amino acids Precursors at Froudes Miphu Ronde , delten, & & anina group Cysteine Methionine, Serine TyrosinenotPhenylalanine Arginine mis Glutamine, Glutamate,· & chair Aspartate credt Proline > Glutamate & renoal of with Glycine Serine = -H * example : Xamateculphu-exeSeating methionine d > - = Essential aL - conly can the dress withditicht mensm  footered. esential-sody non-essential-was Anthem Animal proteins: milk, meat, eggs contain all essential amino acids  enential PVT TIM HaL ⑧presalaim ↓t drawne ⑤ Tryptophan fronte ① therine ⑤ isoleucine J & resential methionine ① histidine A. In an healthy adult, phenylalanine cannot be em using synthesized in the body. T (1) B. When methionine is deficient in the diet, cysteine become essential amino acid. T CT) C. Animal proteins are deficient in essential amino acids. F extential a Othe > o - Scher - Carinate F D.Kwashiorkor result from inadequate intake of protein. T T E. Histidine is essential for growing age only. T =  AMINO ACIDS GENERAL SIDE CHAIN ACID BASE STRUCTURE PROPERTIES PROPERTIES Non polar H Uncharged polar pKa values of H3N C COO Acidic amino & carboxyl Basic group R Aromatic Sulphur pI; Isoelectric pH containing Imino zwitterion ion NUTRITIONALLY ESSENTIAL  classification of anino did (wide chain propertie Acta ↓ 1 [ sot NO Hydrophonic V polar enous lit not enough to , ① Valiverais Aromatio ↓ interact with HO V ② Typtophan