HBF-II LEC 03 Gross Anatomy Middle Mediastinum Heart Slides 2024 Berger PDF

 Gross Anatomy: Middle Mediastinum, Heart Elizabeth Berger, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, VisualPh.D. Elizabeth Berger, & Anatomical Sciences Department of Ophthalmology, [email protected] Vis...

 Gross Anatomy: Middle Mediastinum, Heart Elizabeth Berger, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, VisualPh.D. Elizabeth Berger, & Anatomical Sciences Department of Ophthalmology, [email protected] Visual & Anatomical Sciences SOM WSU October 2021 October 7, 2019 Middle Mediastinum Anatomical boundaries: - inferior mediastinum between transverse thoracic plane and diaphragm Contents: Figure 1. - pericardium - heart - roots of great vessels - arch of azygos vein - main bronchi - phrenic nerves with pericardiacophrenic vessels Figure 2. Pericardium Figure 1. External sac Internal sac Figure 2. Pericardial Cavity Figure 6. Figure 3. Transverse pericardial sinus – lies posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk, anterior to SVC, superior to l. atrium Oblique pericardial sinus – posterior to l. atrium Pericardium – Arterial Supply Thoracic aorta: - Bronchial - Esophaegeal - Superior phrenic Figure 5. Pericardium –Venous Drainage and Innervation Venous Drainage: - Pericardiacophrenic veins Figure 4. - Azygos venous system Innervation: - Phrenic → sensory fibers; referred pain - Vagus → unknown function - Sympathetic trunks → vasomotor Pericardium – Clinical Importance Pericarditis Pericardial Effusion Figure 8. cardiac tamponade pericardial friction rub Figure 7. Pericardium – Clinical Importance Cardiomegaly Figure 10. Figure 11. Hemopericardium Figure 13. Pericardiocentesis Figure 12. Heart – The Basics Heart – External Anatomy Figure 15. Anatomical Position: Figure 14. Figure 16. Heart – External Anatomy Figure 15. Surfaces/Borders: Figure 16. Heart – External Anatomy Layers of Heart: Figure 17. Heart – Internal Anatomy Functional Anatomy of the Heart: Figure 18. Heart – Internal Anatomy Right Atrium: Figure 19. Heart – Internal Anatomy Right Ventricle: Figure 20. Heart – Internal Anatomy Tricuspid Valve: Figure 21. Figure 20. Figure 22. Heart – Internal Anatomy Figure 20. Pulmonary Valve: Figure 21. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 22. Heart – Internal Anatomy Left Atrium: Figure 25. Heart – Internal Anatomy Left Ventricle: Figure 26. Ventricular septal defects Figure 27. Heart – Internal Anatomy Mitral Valve: Figure 26. Figure 21. Figure 22. Heart – Internal Anatomy Aortic Valve: Figure 21. Figure 26. Figure 22. Figure 28. Figure 29. Heart – Cardiac Skeleton Figure 30. Figure 31. Heart – Arterial Blood Supply Figure 33. Figure 32. Heart – Arterial Blood Supply Figure 32. Heart – Venous Drainage Figure 34. Lymphatic Drainage: - subepicardial lymphatic plexus - inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes Figure 35. Heart – Conducting System Figure 37. AV node = 40-60/min Figure 36. Purkinje fibers = 15-40/min SA node = 70-80/min Figure 38. Heart – Cardiac Cycle “lub” “dub” Figure 39. Heart – Cardiac Cycle Heart – Innervation Figure 41. Figure 40. Figure 42. Innervation – Clinical Importance Referred pain Figure 43. Heart – Clinical Importance Figure 44. Heart – Great Vessels Pulmonary Trunk Ascending Aorta Figure 44. Imaging - CT RA Pul Veins LA RCA Coronary sinus LV RV Imaging - Echocardiography Systole: aortic valve is open, mitral valve is closed RV AV LV MV LA RV TV MV RA LA Imaging - Atrial Septal Defects Imaging - Ventricular Septal Defects Heart – Random Facts A normal heart valve is roughly the size of a half dollar The number of heart attacks peaks on Christmas Day, followed by December 26 and New Year’s The first heart cell starts to beat as early as 4 weeks The blue whale has the largest heart – 1,500+ lbs Heart disease has been found in 3,000-year old mummies It beats 100,000 times/day Each minute, your heart pumps 1.5 gallons of blood Heart cancer is very rare because heart cells stop dividing early in life