Handout-Anatomy Terminology PDF

General Anatomy Anatomy Terminology Human Anatomy is the science studying the structure of the human body and the relations of its different parts to each other. ❖ Organization of human body 1) Cell: smallest living unit in body 2) Tissue: group of cells work toget...

General Anatomy Anatomy Terminology Human Anatomy is the science studying the structure of the human body and the relations of its different parts to each other. ❖ Organization of human body 1) Cell: smallest living unit in body 2) Tissue: group of cells work together 3) Organ: several different tissues work together 4) System: organs work together to perform function. 5) Body (Organism). ❖ Anatomical position 1.The person stands erect. 2.The feet are together. 3.Arms are straight by the sides of the body. 4. Palms are facing forward. 5.The face is directed forward.  General Anatomy ❖ Anatomical planes 1) Midsagittal (median) plane: ▪ Vertical plane that divide the body into right & left equal halves. 2) Parasagittal (paramedian) planes: ▪ Vertical & parallel to midsagittal plane. ▪ Divides body to right & left unequal parts 3) Coronal planes: ▪ Vertical & perpendicular to midsagittal plane. ▪ Divides body to anterior & posterior parts 4) Transverse (horizontal) planes: ▪ Perpendicular to midsagittal & coronal planes. ▪ Divide the body into upper & lower parts.  General Anatomy ❖ Terms Related to Position (Relations) 1. Superior / inferior: a. Superior (above): is toward the head. b. Inferior (below): is toward the feet. 2. Anterior / posterior: a. Anterior (ventral): is toward the front of the body. b. Posterior (dorsal): is toward the back of the body. 3. Median / Medial / lateral: a. Median: At the middle line of the body. b. Medial: Toward the midline of the body. c. Lateral: Toward the side of the body. 4. Proximal / distal: a. Proximal: Toward the root of the limb b. Distal: Away from the root of limb 5. Superficial / Deep a. Superficial: External near to the surface b. Deep = Internal away from the surface 6. Ipsilateral / Contralateral a. Ipsilateral: At the same side b. Contralateral: Opposite side  General Anatomy ❖ Terms Related to Movement 1. Flexion / extension:  Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones (bending or approximation).  Extension: increasing the angle between two bones (straightening). 2. Abduction / adduction:  Abduction: movement away from the median plane.  Adduction: movement towards the median plane.  General Anatomy 3. Rotation: Rotation: is a movement where limb rotate around its longitudinal axis, there are 2 types of rotation  Medial rotation: rotation of the limb toward the midline.  Lateral rotation: rotation of the limb away from the midline. 4. Supination / pronation:  Pronation: rotation of the forearm so, the palm faces backwards.  Supination: rotation of the forearm so, the palm faces forwards. 5. Inversion / eversion:  Inversion: rotation of the foot so, the sole is directed inwards.  Eversion: rotation of the foot so, the sole is directed outwards.  General Anatomy 6. Elevation / depression:  Elevation: moving up.  Depression: moving down. 7. Protraction / retraction: (usually of the mandible)  Protraction: moving forwards.  Retraction: moving backwards.