Blood PDF

# Blood ## Function of blood: - Transport function: O2, CO2, glucose, hormones - Defensive function: by White blood cells form antibodies - Homeostatic function: the blood helps to keep the internal environment constant - Hemostatic function: stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured ## Compos...

# Blood ## Function of blood: - Transport function: O2, CO2, glucose, hormones - Defensive function: by White blood cells form antibodies - Homeostatic function: the blood helps to keep the internal environment constant - Hemostatic function: stop bleeding when a blood vessel is injured ## Composition of blood: - 45% Cells - RBCs 5 million/cmm - WBCs 4000-11000/cmm - Platelets 250000/cmm - 55% plasma - Clear yellow fluid - Formed of: - water - gases O2, CO2 - organic substances - plasma proteins 7 gm/dl - lipids, hormones, glucose - inorganic substances - Na+,Cl-,K+,HCO3- ## Plasma proteins: - Definition: they are proteins in the plasma - 7 gms/dl - They are: - Globulin 2.5gm/dl - 50% formed in liver - 50% formed in RES (Reticuluendothelial system) - Fibrinogen 0.4gm/dl - Formed in liver ONLY - Prothrombin 0.01gm/dl - Formed in liver ONLY - Albumin 3.5-5gm/dl - Formed in liver ONLY ## Function of plasma proteins: | Specific function | Non Specific function | |---|---| | 1-Albumin responsible for formation of THE EFFECTIVE OSMOTIC PRESSURE of plasma due to high concentration. *Effective osmotic pressure = 28mmHg | 1- *Plasma proteins act as CARRIERS for substances—carry VITAMINS, HORMONES, & IRON. (ADSORPTION FUNCTION). | | 2-Globulins — they are 3 types *Alpha, Beta — transport proteins *Gamma — form antibodies — (Defensive function). | 2- *Plasma proteins act as BUFFER action. (Keep the PH of the blood constant). | | 3-Fibrinogen — form viscosity of plasma (1.5 times as water). | 3- *Plasma proteins close the PORES in the wall of the capillaries — limit their permeability | | 4-Fibrinogen & Prothrombin — needed for blood clotting. | 4- Diet reserve: — The plasma proteins act as a source to replace tissue proteins. | ## Erythrocytes: - Help flexibility of cell - Biconcave discs - Increase surface area - Non nucleated - 7 microns in diameter - 5.5 million/cmm in Male - 4.8 million/cmm in Female - Life span 120 days - Surrounded by semipermeable membrane - Contain _ Hb 34% of its weight, K+, & carbonic anhydrase enzyme - NO mitochondria ## Hemoglobin (Hb): - Definition: It is the red pigment which carries oxygen. - 15-16 gm/dl in Male - 13-14 gm/dl in Female - 19 gm/dl in infants ## Function of Hb: - Carry O2, CO2 - Buffer action (Keep PH of blood constant).