GVA-P1-3-exams PDF

P1 1. Ventral recumbency - also known as sternal recumbency 2. Contact surface - Surface of the tooth that touch other teeth 3. Mesial surface - contact adjacent to the next rostral or medial tooth 4. Umbilicus - Pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilica...

P1 1. Ventral recumbency - also known as sternal recumbency 2. Contact surface - Surface of the tooth that touch other teeth 3. Mesial surface - contact adjacent to the next rostral or medial tooth 4. Umbilicus - Pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus.- Also called “NAVEL” 5. Pneumatic bone - Bones that contain air cavities; Lined by mucous membrane rather than marrow and communicate with the respiratory system. 6. EXOCCIPITAL PARTS - Bear the occipital condyles and paracondylar process 7. Occipital condyles - bony prominences; articulate with the atlas 8. External Sagittal crest - formed by a dorsal midline where the right and left halves of the parietal bone and occipital bone meet. 9. External acoustic meatus - where the external ear is attached - this opening is covered by the eardrum/tympanic membrane 10. Sella Turcica - Houses the pituitary gland via depression called ______ 11. Zygomatic arch - Indicates the biting strength of an animal- masticatory muscles lie on the arches. 12. Mandible - Composed of two halves or dentaries, joined by the “mandibular symphysis” 13. Epiphyoid - MIDDLE CORNUA 14. Syndesmosis - Joint between ulna and radius 15. Foliate suture - Offer extreme stability. Eg. Zygomatico-maxillary suture 16. Symphysis - fibrocartilaginous joints. United by flattened disks of fibrocartilage. 17. Amphiarthrosis - Symphysis is functionally classified as an _____ 18. Intracapsular (Intra-articular) ligaments - found within joints. surrounded by the synovial membrane 19. Annular ligaments - surrounds the joint; strengthen and protect the capsule 20. Spheroid (Ball and socket) Joint - Permit movement in nearly any direction (example: shoulder joint) 21. Trigeminal nerve - Innervation of Muscles of Mastication 22. ZYGOMATICUS - smiling muscle 23. Retractor bulbi - retracts globe 24. Epaxial and hypaxial muscles(study these 2) - 2 major groups of intrinsic muscles 25. 1. Transversospinalis 2. Longissimus 3. Iliocoastalis - Extensors of the neck 26. Occipital bone - Rhomboideus capitis origin 27. Extensor of shoulder joint - Supraspinatus muscle function 28. Caval foramen - Opening of the diaphragm that is caudal vena cava P2 1. Philtrum - a narrow cleft, marks the union of the two halves of the upper lip. 2. Cranial Nerve VII – Facial Nerve - Alimentary canal (LIPS) nerve 3. Communication and aggression - the use of lips of dogs (incapable of food intake) 4. Hard palate - Formed by processes of the palatine, maxillary, and incisive bones. 5. Study the soft palates in dogs depending on the breed (Mesocephalic and Brachycephalic) 6. Palatoglossal arch - Forms part of the boundary between the oral cavity and the oral pharynx. 7. Tongue or lingua - elongated, mobile, muscular organ covered by cornified stratified squamous epithelium. 8. Ang mga papillae pud studyy, i forgot what exact papillae ang ni gawas 9. Crown (corona dentis) - Covered by a thin layer of white enamel.  10. Enamel - The dense, pearly-white outer layer of the crown 11. Dentin - chemically similar to bone, it has the ability to regenerate 12. Diphyodont - dogs develop two sets of teeth sequentially called _____ 13. Premolar and molars - cheek teeth 14. Carnassial/sectorial teeth - Upper 4th premolar and 1st lower molar teeth are the largest known as 15. Study the functions of the teeth 16. Always remember - walay molar teeth ang deciduous dentition or the 2 months old pup 17. Laryngopharynx – both respiratory and digestive channel 18. Caudal nares (choana) - Osseous opening between the caudal nasal cavity and nasopharynx 19. Piriform recess - Continuation of the floor of oropharynx on either side of larynx 20. Abdominal portion (6mm thick) - thickest portion of the esophagus 21. Greater curvature – forms the convex border of the stomach 22. Pancreatic duct (Ventral duct or duct of Wirsung) - More cranial and usually the smaller ducts Opens to major duodenal papilla 23. CHORDA TENDINEAE- connect the leaflets of AV valve to the papillary muscle 24. Heart sound in dogs - s1 and s2 25. PORTAL VEIN - Receives gastroduodenal and splenic veins 26. Papillaryridges - used as means of identification in dog 27. Accessory cartilage - leaf convex shape 28. Levator nasolabialis and Levator labii superioris- muscles attached to the cartilage of the planum nasale 29. Jacobson’s organ - vomeronasal organ other term 30. Stenotic nares - when the nose of the dog is narrow 31. Thyroid cartilage - Largest; taco-shaped; “adam’s apple” in man 32. RIGHT AND LEFT PRINCIPAL BRONCHI - Primary bronchi P3 1. Renal sinus - Space occupied by ureter; renal blood vessels, and nerve entering the kidney 2. Renal pelvis - Expanded proximal end of the ureter 3. Malpighian capsule - Glomerulus + Bowman's capsule 4. Something abt loop of henle, basta naa ni siya sa medulla 5. Trigone - The one who signals the brain na need na mag excrete og urine. (Stretch sensitive part of the bladder) 6. Detrusor muscle - Muscle in the urinary bladder 7. Ureteral openings or ureteral ostium, basta naa ni HAHA 8. Epididymis - Stores spermatozoa during maturation before they pass to the deferent duct and urethra 9. Ampullary and prostate gland - Accessory sex glands sa male rep 10. Penis - Copulatory organ and deposits the semen within the female reproductive tract 11. Scrotum layers - Skin, dartos muscle, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle and facia, internal spermatic fascia 12. Tunica albiginea (White tunic) - The strong, white fibrous capsule enveloping the testes 13. Descend shortly after birth – carnivores, guided by the gubernaculum or the scrotal ligament 14. Proper ligament of the testis - Connects the tail of the epididymis to the ventral extremity of the testis 15. Fibroelastic - Contains more connective tissue than erectile tissue 16. Vestibule - Birth canal and passage for urinary excretion 17. Vagina - copulatory organ sa fem rep 18. Ovaries - Posses both gametogenic and endocrine function 19. Medulla - Vascular zone where blood vessels are located 20. Cortex - parenchymatous zone Where follicles are located (kalimot ko asa aning 2 ang nigawas. Basta naay isa nila na nigawas, between medulla and cortex) 21. Knotting - When the female's vagina subsequently contracts, the penis becomes locked inside the female 22. Thoracoabdominoinguinal - dog and pig mammary position 23. 10 mammae or 5 pairs - mammae sa bitch 24. Telencephalon or cerebrum - Divided by the median fissure into two cerebral hemispheres 25. ROSTRAL COMMISSURE - connects the ‘rhinencephalic structures’ 26. Gray matter - Contain many neuron cell bodies 27. suprasylvian sulcus - borders sa temporal lobe 28. Smthng abt hippocampal formation 😡 29. Anterograde amnesia - where a person cannot form new memories. 30. Limbic system , basta naay nigawas abt ani 31. thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus - regions sa diencephalon 32. Processes visual signals Connected to the visual reflex center – Rostral colliculus 33. Hypothalamus - regulates emotion, sleep, eating, drinking, and sexual behavior. 34. Pons - The bulge between the midbrain and medulla oblongata bridging the spinal cord and brain. 35. Pineal gland - Involved in the regulation of gonadal functions as well as rhythms of sleep and waking. 36. Crus cerebri - Carry motor signals from the brain to the body. 37. Oculomotor nerve - controls the levator palpebrae muscle, several extraocular muscles, ciliary muscles, and the pupillary sphincter muscles 38. Arbor vitae – “tree of life”; white matter branching 39. Vasomotor center - Regulate diameter of blood vessels ~ blood pressure 40. Fasciculus cuneatus – carries signals for the sense of touch, pressure, and proprioception. 41. Lateral ventricle (Right and left) - Two spaces of the ventricular system; filled with cerebrospinal fluid 42. Arachnoid - Middle layer; weblike appearance 43. Cranial nervessss, naay 2 na nigawas (kabisado nana ninyo) 44. Positon sa circle of willis 45. Ventral root - motor root 46. Tapetum lucidum 47. Katong sa ears sa dog - vertical and horizontal man ata to