GUC Tutorial 2 Quantum Numbers PDF

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Chemistry for Engineering (Chem102) Tutorial 2 Quantum Numbers WS 2024 Chem102 1  LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this session, the stu...

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Chemistry for Engineering (Chem102) Tutorial 2 Quantum Numbers WS 2024 Chem102 1  LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this session, the student should be able to: a. Knowledge & Understanding a1. Define basic principles of analytical chemistry and physicochemical properties of compounds and types of reactions used in preparations of different pharmaceutical products. a2. Outline the characteristics of atoms, isotopes, ions and molecules. b. Professional & Practical skills b1. Use the proper pharmaceutical abbreviations & symbols related to pharmaceutical inorganic Chemistry. b2. Retrieve and evaluate information from the assigned textbook, the study guide, and the assigned website. c. Intellectual skills c1. Apply basic analytical Chemistry knowledge in Chemistry practice. d. General and transferable skills d1. Communicate clearly by verbal & written means through the open discussions of the tutorial, and the oral questions asked by the tutors. d2. Retrieve information from the assigned textbook, the study guide, and the assigned website. d3. Work effectively in the tutorials in groups to answer the assignments. d5. Practice independent learning needed for continuous professional development through searching the internet sources for the answers of the advanced pop questions of the lectures that are related to the lectures’ topics. WS 2024 Chem102 2  Quantum Numbers Series of numbers that describe atomic orbitals and label electrons that reside in them. Quantum Symb Represents Value number ol 1)Principal The “size” and integral values from [1 n Quantum “energy level” of 7] number an orbital. e.g.: n =1 (1st energy level ) n =2 (2nd energy level ) 2)Angular momentum ℓ The “shape" of atomic orbitals. integral values from 0 to n-1 quantum [ℓ = 0, 1, 2, …(n-1)] number e.g. If n=1  ℓ = 0 ( s ) If n=2  ℓ = 0,1 ( s, p) If n=3  ℓ = 0,1,2 ( s, p, WS 2024 Chem102 d) 3 If n=4  ℓ = 0,1,2,3  Quantum Numbers Quantum Symbol Represents Value number 3)Magnet ic mℓ The orientation of the orbital in integral values between ℓ and - ℓ, including zero. quantum space relative mℓ = [ℓ,….,+1, 0, -1,…., - ℓ] number to the other e.g. orbitals in the ℓ= s ( 0 ) mℓ =0 = (1 Orbital) atom. ℓ= p ( 1 )mℓ =-1 , 0 , 1=(3 orbitals) ℓ= d ( 2 )mℓ =-2 ,-1 ,0, 1,2=(5 orbitals) ℓ= f ( 3 )mℓ =-3,-2 ,-1 ,0, 1,2,3=(7orbitals) 4) Spin quantum ms The spin behavior of an ms = +1/2 or –1/2 number electron. WS 2024 Chem102 4  Electron configuration in atoms  Electrons enter the available sublevels in order of increasing sublevel energy. Ordinarily, a sublevel is filled to capacity before the next one starts to fill.  1s< 2s< 2p< 3s