GROUP-QUIZ-SECONDARY-TO-FIRST-TRIP PDF

Secondary Education 1. As a student of Ateneo (1872-1877) a. Jose Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal as an eleven-year-old. b. His close friendship with Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, S.J. inspired the young student. Some poems were written under the guidance of Fr. San...

Secondary Education 1. As a student of Ateneo (1872-1877) a. Jose Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal as an eleven-year-old. b. His close friendship with Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, S.J. inspired the young student. Some poems were written under the guidance of Fr. Sanchez: - “ The Tragedy of St. Eustace” - “ In the Memory of My Town” - “ Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education” - “ Through Education Motherland Receives Enlightenment” He had excellent achievements and graduated highest in his class Other activities while in Ateneo: - He studied painting under Agustin Saez. - He studied sculpture under Teodoro Romualdo de Jesus. - He carved the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary on a batikuling wood. - He carved the image of the Sacred Heart. - He joined the organization Marian Congregation. His mentor was Fr. Pablo Pastells, S.J. - He was a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature. - He was a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences. - Fr. Jose Villaclara, S.J. encouraged him to pay attention also to the sciences and philosophy. - c. In S.Y. 1877-1878, he returned to Ateneo while studying at the University of Santo Tomas. He took up a course on land surveying which was offered then as a vocational course. He completed the surveyor’s course and was awarded the title Perito Agrimensor. He passed the final examination for the course. He could not practice the surveyor’s profession since he was still underage when he passed the course. He was issued his certificate on November 25, 1881, at the age of 20. 2. As a student of the University of Santo Tomas: a. He enrolled at the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters; majored in Philosophy, 1877- 1878 b. He pursued medicine at the University of Santo Tomas. Some of his grades were still excellent but he also had lower grades. c. He submitted an entry in the Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila in 1879, entitled “A La Juventud Filipina: (“To the Filipino Youth”). He won first prize in the contest. He was awarded a silver quill. For the first time, he used the phrase “the youth, the fair hope of my country” (Kabataan, pag-asa ng aking bayan"). d. In 1880, a literary contest was held by Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila. Jose Rizal submitted an entry entitled “El Consejo de los Dioses” (“Council of the Gods”).  This was held in commemoration of the 400th death anniversary of Miguel de Cervantes, Spain’s national poet. This poem was in praise of Cervantes and made him coequal with Homer and Virgil. He was awarded the grand prize. The award was a gold ring with an engraved bust of Cervantes. 3. Other literary works: a. “Junto al Pasig” – This one-act play was requested by the Jesuits on the feast day of the Immaculate Conception. This was a satire showing the good elements and the bad elements. In the end, it was a victory for the good elements. b. “A Filipinas” 4. He decided to continue his studies in Spain: a. To widen his knowledge; b. To avail of more conducive conditions in Europe; and c. To learn a cure for the worsening eye condition of his mother. First Trip to Europe Jose Rizal left Manila on May 3, 1882 1. He left for Spain with the blessings of his brother Paciano and his uncle, Antonio Rivera. 2. He decided not to seek his parents’ blessing knowing that they would never approve of his plan. 3. He secured endorsements from Pedro Paterno. 4. His first stop was in Singapore; Colombo in Sri Lanka; Aden in Yemen; and crossed the entire length of the Suez Canal. They landed at Port Said, Egypt; Naples in Italy; and disembarked in Marseilles, France. Activities in Marseilles 1. Jose Rizal went to Château d’lf, the venue of Alexandre Dumas’s novel, The Count of Monte Cristo. 2. He boarded on Portbou. He noticed the indifference of the Spanish immigration officers compared to their courteous French counterparts. Arrival in Spain 1. He first stopped in Barcelona, the capital of the Spanish province, Cataluna. According to him, the people were indifferent and he arrived during the summer vacation of the students. a. In this city, he found out that the people of the city enjoyed freedom and liberalism. b. He wrote essays for Diariong Tagalog. “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country) “Los Viajes” (Travels) “Revista de Madrid” (Review of Madrid) c. He met his classmates from Ateneo at the Plaza de Cataluna. 2. Madrid a. He enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3, 1882. He enrolled in the following courses: Medicine Philosophy and Letters b. He took courses at the Academy of San Carlos Paintings and sculptures  Languages: French, German, and English c. He took private lessons at the Hall of Sanz and Carbonell Shooting Fencing d. Important people he met: Dr. Miguel Morayta, an advocate of freedom and self-determination. Students from South America hailed Dr. Morayta as their champion. He joined his students and other supporters to this end. Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, a Spanish liberal who used to live in the Philippines. e. Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino. It was a social organization where the members talked about the reforms needed in the Philippines. This group was mostly made up of elder Filipinos who were the exiles of 1872. It held informal programs which included poetry reading and debates. f. Jose Rizal joined freemasonry He became a member and his masonic name was “Dimasalang”. Freemasonry was an organization outlawed by the Catholic Church because its beliefs are contrary to the doctrines of the Church. A masons' view is that knowledge should be achieved by the light of reason and the universal brotherhood of men. Rizal adopted the masonic view. Masonry attacked the Church because they believed it promoted religious superstition and obscurantism, hiding truth behind the veil of religion. g. He was an avid book collector. He scrimped on food and clothes and lived in modest accommodations but he bought books. Important books he collected. Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Works of Alexander Dumas The Wandering Jew written by Eugene Sue Lives of the Presidents of the United States from George Washington to Andrew Johnson. The Complete Works of Horace (3 Volumes) h. Events on June 25, 1884 Juan Luna was awarded the top prize for his painting Spoliarium while Felix Ressureccion Hidalgo took second place for his painting Virgines Christianas Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Population). The Filipino painters joined the National Exposition of Fine Arts. Jose Rizal gave a speech in a public audience saying that Luna and Hidalgo were the pride of the Filipino people; that genius is not a monopoly of any race and their prizes were products of both the Philippines and Spain. He voiced the hope that, someday, Spain will grant the reforms needed by Filipinos. This speech was published in the newspaper El Liberal. This reached the Philippines and there were elements in the Philippines who were not pleased with this development. i. Completion of his Studies He completed his Licenciado en Medicina on June 21, 1884. He did not have his Doctorate in Medicine because he did not present the thesis required for graduation. He can practice medicine with the acquisition of this degree but he cannot teach medicine.  He finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters and obtained the degree Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras with the rating of sobresaliente. j. He started writing the novel Noli Me Tangere when he was still a student at the Central Universidad of Madrid. He was inspired to write after reading Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book is about the trial and hardship of the black slaves and awakened in him his inherent love and concern for the afflicted. On January 2, 1884, the Filipino expatriates had a meeting at the house of the Paterno brothers. It was during this meeting that the Filipinos who attended agreed to write a novel about the Philippines. These were Pedro Paterno, Maximo Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, and Eduardo de Lete. The plan did not materialize and Jose Rizal was left to write the novel. He started writing in Madrid and he continued to write while he was in France and Germany. Final revisions were made in Berlin. He could not afford the printing cost but was saved by his friend, Maximo Viola. He lent 5,300Php, the needed amount for the first 2,000 copies of the novel. On March 29, 1887, the novel was printed in Berlin. The first recipients of the novel were Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo. As a way of showing his appreciation, he gave the original manuscript of the Noli Me Tangere and a complimentary copy to Maximo Viola. Jose Rizal explained the title “Noli Me Tangere” means “Touch Me Not”. This was from the bible, from the Gospel of St. John. The book was dedicated to the Philippines, his fatherland. Paris, France 1. He arrived in Paris on November 1885. 2. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert. 3. He found time to be with his friends, Pardo de Tavera, Juan Luna, and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo. 4. He posed for Juan’s paintings. 5. Composed songs: “Alin Mang Lahi” and “La Deportacion” Germany 1. On February 1886, he arrived in Heidelberg, an old university town. a. He worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker at the University Eye Hospital b. He listened to the lectures of Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne. c. He wrote the poem, “To the Flowers of Heidelberg”. d. He spent his summer vacation in 1886 in Wilhelmsfeld where he lived with Protestant pastor Karl Ulmer to perfect his ability to speak German. e. He started his correspondence with Prof. Blumentritt, Aritmetica by Rufino Baltazar. 2. On August 1886, he arrived in Leipzig. a. He met Prof. Ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer who wrote a book on the Philippines. b. He translated Schiller’s William Tell to Tagalog. The book narrates how the Swiss peacefully attained their independence. c. He translated Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales to Tagalog for his nephews and nieces. 3. On October 29, 1886, he arrived in Dresden.  a. He saw the painting of Raphael, the Sistine Madonna. b. At the Zoological, Anthropological, and Ethnographic Museum, he saw the collection in the Philippines. 4. Berlin a. He met Dr. Feodor Jagor who wrote Travels in the Philippines. b. He met Dr. Rudolf and his son, Hans Virchow, two known German anthropologists; Dr. W. Joest; and Dr. Ernest Schweigger, a known ophthalmologist. c. He became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnographic Society, and the Geographic Society. His paper entitled “Tagalische Verkunst” was delivered before the members. He was accepted and became a much respected member. 5. He went to Prague to visit the tomb of Nicolas Copernicus. Departure from Europe 1. In Geneva, Switzerland, Maximo Viola and Jose Rizal parted ways. Viola returned to Spain. 2. Rizal continued to Rome, Italy. 3. In Marseilles, France, he boarded Djemnah to Saigon, Vietnam, and finally, Manila. 4. He arrived in Manila.