Roles of Oxygen in Cellular Respiration PDF

Roles of Roles of Oxygen Oxygen in in Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration -is the process cells use to make energy.  Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Our body cells need oxygen to do this process, although other...

Roles of Roles of Oxygen Oxygen in in Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Cellular Cellular Respiration Respiration -is the process cells use to make energy.  Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Our body cells need oxygen to do this process, although other organisms, like yeast or bacteria, don't always need it. Cellular respiration can occur both aerobically (using oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen).  Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration They use oxygen and glucose, a sugar found in the foods we eat and convert them to ATP (adenosine triphosphate), or cellular energy, and carbon dioxide. Although this process can be represented by a single equation, there are actually many small steps that take place before we actually use oxygen to get ATP. Three Stages of Three Stages of Aerobic Cellular Aerobic Cellular Respiration Respiration Glycolysis Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative Oxidative Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Aerobic Aerobic Respiration Respiration -the metabolic pathways by which organisms break down glucose to produce ATP.  Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Respiration involves four different pathways, each pathway feeding into the next. Ultimately, respiration results in the complete oxidation of glucose and the transfer of energy from the chemical bonds of glucose to the chemical bonds of ATP.  Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration happens in the presence of oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, some organisms go through a process called fermentation, which allows them to produce energy under anaerobic conditions.  Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Fermentation produces relatively less energy than respiration, because fermentation does not result in the complete oxidation of glucose. Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Respiration Respiration Metabolic Metabolic Pathways Pathways -the sum total of the biochemical reactions that take place within an organism. Metabolic Pathways Metabolic Pathways Metabolic reactions are useful primarily for two reasons: Metabolic Pathways Metabolic Pathways 1) they allow energy to be stored, transferred or released in useable amounts, and 2) they synthesize and break down important carbon molecules, such as the 12 key intermediates and macromolecules. Metabolic Pathways Metabolic Pathways Metabolic pathways occur in a series of enzyme- catalyzed steps, so that small amounts of energy are invested or released at each step. In addition, having multiple steps makes it possible to more effectively control a pathway and allows more flexibility to link to other metabolic pathways.  Electron Transport Electron Transport Phosphorylation Phosphorylation NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to specialized cell membranes, where they are harvested to create ATP.  Electron Transport Electron Transport Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Once the electrons are used, they become depleted and must be removed from the body. Oxygen is essential for this task. Used electrons bind with oxygen; these molecules eventually bind with hydrogen to form water.