GROUP 3 PRESENTATION OTHER CELL SURFACE AND INCLUSIONS.pdf

1 2 Structure It is a thin deformed layer that is composed of glycocalyx, which surrounds the cell wall of bacteria. Function It helps the bacteria in binding cells, trapping the nutrients, adhering into surfaces, and protects it from drying Example: Species of Staphylococcus forms slime l...

1 2 Structure It is a thin deformed layer that is composed of glycocalyx, which surrounds the cell wall of bacteria. Function It helps the bacteria in binding cells, trapping the nutrients, adhering into surfaces, and protects it from drying Example: Species of Staphylococcus forms slime layers Biofilms  FIMBRAE PILI found in both gram+ and occur only in gram- gram- bacteria. bacteria 300-400 per cell 1-4 per cell shorter and narrow longer and broader take part in adhesion help in conjugation formation controlled by formation controlled by F+ nucleoid gene (fertility factor) bristle-like solid tubular structures structures PROCESS: The polyphosphate (granules) is arranged for different uses: energy or phosphate storage and it's degraded to generate nucleotide triphosphate or phosphate. Sulfur within the cell originates from reduced sulfur, but if the source becomes limited, the sulfur in granules is oxidized to sulfate. Carbonate minerals form on the surfaces of various filamentous cyanobacteria, like Gleomargarita, which produces benstonite, while some cyanobacteria form these minerals inside the cell. FUNCTION: Polyphosphate - This inorganic polymer can directly create the energy-rich compound ATP, benefiting cells by allowing them to store phosphate and convert it into polyphosphate for future use. Sulfur functions in different reactions inside the cell, such as energy metabolism (chemolitotrophy) and CO2 fixation (autotrophy). Carbonate - utilized in biomineralization which is catalyzed by different prokaryotes. This process serves the cell as a stabilizer maintaining the cells in their selected habitat.