Group-13-Sunflower-GeneralBotany Document PDF

BS Biology 1 **Group Number**: 13 **Members:** **Date**: November 12, 2024 Ignacio, Carmel Grace **CN**: 0503 Carlos, Wendyl Garcia, Ken Hofer Sunflower (scientific name: *Helianthus annuus*) **Name and Pictures** **Description**...

BS Biology 1 **Group Number**: 13 **Members:** **Date**: November 12, 2024 Ignacio, Carmel Grace **CN**: 0503 Carlos, Wendyl Garcia, Ken Hofer Sunflower (scientific name: *Helianthus annuus*) **Name and Pictures** **Description** **Reason** -------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Kingdom - *Plantae* Plants are autotrophic, mostly sessile organisms. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by producing oxygen and serving as the base of the food chain. Sunflowers, as part of this kingdom, have the ability to convert sunlight into chemical energy. Sunflowers are multicellular organisms with cell walls made of cellulose. They have chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis to produce their own food, which are fundamental characteristics of plants. Division - *Magnoliophyta* Angiosperms are the most diverse group of plants. They have flowers as their reproductive structures. The flowers attract pollinators, enabling sexual reproduction. Sunflowers\' bright yellow flowers are designed for this purpose. They have true flowers with distinct reproductive structures. The presence of flowers for sexual reproduction and the production of seeds enclosed within a fruit (in this case, the sunflower seeds are within the structure that develops from the flower) are key features of flowering plants. Class - *Magnoliopsida* Dicots typically have two cotyledons in their seeds. Their leaves often have a net-like vein pattern. Sunflowers show these characteristics, and this class also includes many other common plants. Sunflower embryos have two cotyledons. This is a defining characteristic of dicotyledonous plants. Additionally, they often have reticulate venation in their leaves and other anatomical features common to this class. Order - *Asterales* This order is known for its composite flower heads. In sunflowers, the flower head is made up of many small florets. Members of *Asterales* often have a particular type of inflorescence structure. The flower structure is a composite head. This order is characterized by having flower heads that are made up of many small florets grouped together, which is a prominent feature of sunflowers. Family - *Asteraceae* The *Asteraceae* family is large and diverse. Plants in this family usually have a head of small florets surrounded by bracts. Sunflowers have a distinct involucre of bracts and a characteristic disk and ray florets arrangement. In addition to the composite flower head, members of the *Asteraceae* family often have specific characteristics in their inflorescence structure, such as the involucre (a whorl of bracts at the base of the flower head). Sunflowers display these typical family characteristics. Tribe - *Heliantheae* This tribe includes plants with similar floral and growth characteristics. Sunflowers have features related to their florets and overall growth form that group them with other *Heliantheae* members. This tribe is defined by a combination of morphological and genetic characteristics. Sunflowers have features such as the arrangement and structure of their ray and disk florets that are shared with other members of the *Heliantheae* tribe. Genus - *Helianthus* Helianthus species share common traits such as the general appearance of the plant, the structure of the flower head, and certain aspects of their growth and reproduction. Sunflowers in this genus are known for their heliotropic behavior (following the sun). Sunflowers within the *Helianthus* genus share common characteristics such as the overall growth habit (tall, erect stems), the shape and size of the leaves, and the general morphology of the flower heads. These shared characteristics distinguish them from other genera within the family. Species -- *Helianthus annuus* This is the specific sunflower species. It is characterized by its large, single flower heads with bright yellow ray florets and a brown central disk. It has a specific genetic makeup and ecological niche. *Helianthus annuus* has unique characteristics that set it apart from other species within the Helianthus genus. These can include details of flower color, size and shape of the flower head, and specific genetic markers.