Iraq Presentation on Ramadan Traditions and Culture 2024 PDF

IRAQ Group 7 IRAQ  CURRENT POPULATION STATISTICS A. Global Rank: 34th B. Total population: 46, 523, 657 C. Population growth: 2.24% D. Demographic breakdown Age Gender Urban vs. rural – 71.8% urban Ethnic - 75% Iraqi or Mesopotamian Arabs FACTORS: A. Fertil...

IRAQ Group 7 IRAQ  CURRENT POPULATION STATISTICS A. Global Rank: 34th B. Total population: 46, 523, 657 C. Population growth: 2.24% D. Demographic breakdown Age Gender Urban vs. rural – 71.8% urban Ethnic - 75% Iraqi or Mesopotamian Arabs FACTORS: A. Fertility rate 1 person in every 33 seconds 3.2 live births per woman B. Birth Rate 27.161 as of now C. Mortality rates and Infant Mortality Rate 4.677 as of now 20.661 deaths D. Migration patterns (internal and external) The current net migration rate for Iraq in 2024 is 0.316 per 1000 population CORRUPTION  Corruption Perception Index Iraq has a score of 23 this year, with a change of 0 since last year, meaning it ranks 154 out of 180 countries.  Corruption is the forgotten legacy of the Iraq Invasion Iraq's seventh prime minister, Mohammad Al-Sudani, has attributed corruption to the American-led invasion of the country twenty years ago. The crisis is attributed to the occupation-era reconstruction policies and Baathist-era patronage. Corruption and the selective distribution of public services existed before the invasion, but the decline in oil revenue in the 1980s, the war with Iran, and economic reform measures reduced the Iraqi government's spending on public services. The 1990 Gulf War and sanctions further decimated state infrastructure, leading to increased malnutrition rates. The "Oil-for- Food" program was plagued by fraud and corruption. Post-2003, public services in Iraq remain deeply damaged by elite corruption, with a third of excess deaths due to infrastructure failures. Iraq currently has $115 billion in foreign reserves and a budget of $152 billion, the highest in its post-2003 history. This presents an opportunity for long-term investment in infrastructure and public services, but also risks encouraging more graft. The country's recent $2.5 billion missing from state-owned banks under the Kadhimi administration highlights the need for redoubled efforts on anti-corruption initiatives. Research from Panama has promoted the creation of "islands of integrity" to protect key public institutions amidst systemic corruption. The Century Foundation's Sajad Jiyad suggested building an anti-corruption network and strengthening domestic institutions like the Integrity Commission. Iraqi analysts have recommended transitioning the country away from a cash-based economy, which has been started under pressure from the United States. Iraqi governments view Iraq's oil wealth as unregulated, and political parties and armed groups have actively fought against any regulation. This wealth, used as a tool of patronage in Baathist and post-Baathist Iraq, must be regulated by the Iraqi people if Iraq has any chance of overcoming corruption. The flood of money during the reconstruction period in Iraq post-2003 established the public sector as a center of corruption. Understanding the patterns of corruption entrenched during reconstruction is crucial for implementing public sector reform and building functioning public services for its citizens. Iraqi Commission of Integrity (COI) Established on January 31, 2004 by the Iraqi Governing Council, as authorized by the Coalition Provisional Authority Order 55, and then incorporated by Article 102 of the the 2005 Constitution of Iraq. Leadership Change in 2022: On November 13, 2022, Judge Haydar Hanoun Zayer from the Badr Organization was appointed head of the FCI after Judge Alaa Jawad Al-Saadi resigned. Previously, Judge Haydar was removed from the judiciary in 2016 over corruption charges but returned to politics with the Fateh Alliance. Higher Commission for Combating Corruption: On November 18, 2022, Judge Haydar announced a new oversight body led by the National Security Service director, Abu Ali al-Basri. This commission works under the Prime Minister to target high- level corruption cases and recover stolen funds. Iraqi Commission of Integrity (COI) Arrest Warrants Issued: On August 6, 2023, the FCI issued arrest warrants for senior officials from the previous government, including former Finance Minister Ali Allawi, and sought international extradition assistance through Interpol. Director’s Flight in 2024: In mid-2024, Judge Haydar fled to Erbil, Kurdistan Region, citing retaliation for his investigations into judicial corruption. Leadership Change in October 2024: On October 24, 2024, Judge Haydar was removed as FCI director and replaced by Mohammed Ali al-Lami. Development  ADVANCING IRAQ'S DEVELOPMENT AGENDA In a significant step toward advancing Iraq's development agenda, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Iraq, in collaboration with the Ministry of Planning and with the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), proudly announces the launch of Iraq's National Development Plan. This landmark initiative underscores USAID and UNDP’s commitment to supporting Iraq’s sustainable development goals, setting a strategic direction for Iraq’s growth over the coming years. The plan aims to boost the economy, improve infrastructure, and enhance social services. It also advances environmental conservation and sustainable resource management.  FACTORS AFFECTING IRAQ'S DEVELOPMENT OIL DEPENDENCY POOR BUSINESS CLIMATE SOCIAL INEQUALITIES ENVIRONMENT  LAND DEGRADATION In the alluvial plain, soil quality has been damaged by the deposit of large amounts of salts, borne by irrigation overflows and wind and promoted by poor soil drainage.  POLLUTION Sites where municipal and medical wastes have accumulated carry the risk of disease epidemics. The wartime destruction of military and industrial infrastructure has released heavy metals and other hazardous substances into the air, soil, and groundwater.  UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE Military operations in three wars (Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War, and Iraq War) have left unexploded ordnance and land mines in exposed positions, killing or wounding an estimated 100,000 people in the early 2000s. Ordnances are considered an environmental hazard due to their high concentrations of toxic metals.  WATER SCARCITY Iraq is experiencing a water crisis, with water scarcity and quality declining. The country's water supply is heavily dependent on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, but Iraq receives less water today than it did in 1933. By 2030, the amount of water available per person is expected to be well below the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. POVERTY  POVERTY RATE OF IRAQ The World Bank and the Iraqi government estimate that about 25% of Iraq's population lives in poverty, with some reports putting the figure closer to 30%. MAIN FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POVERTY IN IRAQ 1. Conflict and War 2. Unemployment 3. Oil Dependency and Economic Instability 4. Corruption and Governance Issues 5. The Rise of ISIS 6. Health and Education Challenges  RISE OF ISIS (ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA) ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), also known as ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) or Daesh, is a violent jihadist terrorist organization that emerged in the wake of the Iraq War and the Syrian Civil War. It is known for its extreme interpretation of Sunni Islam, and its brutal tactics, including mass executions, human trafficking, and genocidal violence. ISIS has been responsible for some of the most horrific acts of terrorism in recent history. ISIS was originally an offshoot of al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), which was formed by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in the early 2000s. After Zarqawi's death in 2006, the group evolved and later rebranded as ISI (Islamic State of Iraq), but it was severely weakened by U.S. military operations during the Iraq War. International Migration History of Migration in Iraq U.S. -Led Invasion (2003) Sectarian Violence (2006- The invasion and subsequent 2008) dismantling of the Ba'athist regime led The intense civil strife between to sectarian violence and instability, Sunni and Shiite factions resulting in unprecedented levels of prompted mass executions, displacement. It is estimated that over bombings, and targeted 4 million people were displaced, both violence, driving an estimated internally and as refugees in other 1.7 million individuals to seek countries. This included significant refuge within Iraq and abroad. outflows to Syria, Jordan, and other neighboring nations.  Iraq Refugees and IDP Refugees: As of September Internally Displaced Persons 2024, Iraq hosts over 327,000 (IDPs): The number of IDPs in Iraq refugees and asylum seekers, is approximately 1.14 million, many primarily from Syria, with of whom have been displaced since around 90% being of Syrian 2014 due to violent conflicts, origin. Most reside in the particularly the rise of ISIL. This Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR- displacement results from both I), where conditions vary ongoing conflict and the between urban and camp challenging conditions returnees face. settings. Factors that affect refugees and IDP Access to Conflict and Humanitarian Violence Aid Political Security and Instability and Safety Persecution Legal Economic Protection and Hardship Rights Gross Domestic Product Iraq's GDP, or gross domestic product, is a measure of the total value of all goods and services produced in the country during a specific period of time. It also represents the total amount spent on those goods and services, minus imports As of 2023 $180.41 1990 $0.41 1991 The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Iraq was worth 250.84 billion US dollars in 2023, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Iraq represents 0.24 percent of the world economy.  As of 2023 However, it was recognized by IMF that on year 2023, Iraq’s GDP totaled to $252.41  024 of 2 As Factors Affecting GDP Oil Prices and Production Security and Political Instability Economic Diversification Foreign Investment and Infrastructure Global Economic Trends Demographics and Labor Market Sanctions and International Relations Climate and Environmental Issues Covid-19  Gross National YEARS Income GNI GNI PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE 2023 $254.60 billion $5,600 5.17% 2022 $242.09 billion $5,440 18.64% 2021 $204.05 billion $4,690 2.73% 2020 $198.64 billion $4,670 -12.58% 2019 $227.22 billion $5,470 5.78%  Factors affecting the Iraq’s GNI 1. Oil Production and Prices 2. Political Stability 3. Foreign Investment 4. Technological Advancement 5. Global Economic Conditions THANK YOU