Green and Brown Save The Environment Presentation.pdf

GRRIAANA FORMER AGRARIAN REFORM what do you know about Agrarian Reform?  Agrarian Reform in the Philippines LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the discussion the students are expected to: Students will be able to analyze the historical context and key events surrounding agrarian...

GRRIAANA FORMER AGRARIAN REFORM what do you know about Agrarian Reform?  Agrarian Reform in the Philippines LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the discussion the students are expected to: Students will be able to analyze the historical context and key events surrounding agrarian reform in the Philippines, identifying the motivations behind various laws and policies. Agrarian reform involves redistributing land from large landowners to tenant farmers and smallholders to improve agricultural productivity and social equity. In the Philippines, this policy aims to address land inequality and support rural development by providing land to those who work it.  History of Agrarian Reform  Pre-Spanish Period “This land is Ours God gave this land to us” Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos lived in villages or barangays ruled by chiefs or datus. The datus comprised the nobility. Then came the maharlikas (freemen), followed by the aliping mamamahay (serfs) and aliping saguiguilid (slaves).  Spanish Period “United we stand, divided we fall” When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, the concept of encomienda (Royal Land Grants) was introduced. This system grants that Encomienderos must defend his encomienda from external attack, maintain peace and order within, and support the missionaries. In turn, the encomiendero acquired the right to collect tribute from the indios (native).  First Philippine Republic “The yoke has finally broken” When the First Philippine Republic was established in 1899, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared in the Malolos Constitution his intention to confiscate large estates, especially the so-called Friar lands. However, as the Republic was short-lived, Aguinaldo’s plan was never implemented. American Period “Long live America” Significant legislation enacted during the American Period: Philippine Bill of 1902 Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496) Public Land Act of 1903 Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054 and 4113)  Commonwealth Period “Government for the Filipinos” President Manuel L. Quezon espoused the "Social Justice" program to arrest the increasing social unrest in Central Luzon. Significant legislation enacted during Commonwealth Period: 1935 Constitution Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045), Nov. 13, 1936 National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC), 1936 Commonwealth Act. No. 461, 1937 Rural Program Administration, created March 2, 1939 Commonwealth Act No. 441 enacted on June 3, 1939  Japanese Period “The Era of Hukbalahap” The Second World War II started in Europe in 1939 and in the Pacific in 1941. Hukbalahap controlled whole areas of Central Luzon; landlords who supported the Japanese lost their lands to peasants while those who supported the Huks earned fixed rentals in favor of the tenants. Unfortunately, the end of war also signaled the end of gains acquired by the peasants.Upon the arrival of the Japanese in the Philippines in 1942, peasants and workers organizations grew strength. Many peasants took up arms and identified themselves with the anti-Japanese group, the HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon).  Philippine Republic “The New Republic” After the establishment of the Philippine Independence in 1946, the problems of land tenure remained. These became worst in certain areas. Thus the Congress of the Philippines revised the tenancy law. President Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948) enacted the following laws: Republic Act No. 34 Republic Act No. 55 Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953) enacted the following law: Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23, 1950  Philippine Republic Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) enacted the following laws: Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) Republic Act No. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration) President Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961) Continued the program of President Ramon Magsaysay. No new legislation passed.  Philippine Republic President Diosdado P. Macapagal (1961-1965) enacted the following law: Republic Act No. 3844 of August 8, 1963 (Agricultural Land Reform Code). President Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986) Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972, ushered in the Period of the New Society. Five days after the proclamation of Martial Law, the entire country was proclaimed a land reform area, and simultaneously the Agrarian Reform Program was decreed. President Marcos enacted the following laws: Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and RA No. 6390 of 1971 Presidential Decree No. 2, September 26, 1972 Presidential Decree No. 27, October 21, 1972  Philippine Republic President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) The Constitution ratified by the Filipino people during the administration of President Corazon C. Aquino provides under Section 21 under Article II that “The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.” On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed Republic Act No. 6657, or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The law became effective on June 15, 1988. Subsequently, four Presidential issuances were released in July 1987 after 48 nationwide consultations before the actual law was enacted. Philippine Republic President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws: Executive Order No. 228, July 16, 1987 Executive Order No. 229, July 22, 1987 Proclamation No. 131, July 22, 1987 Executive Order No. 129-A, July 26, 1987 Republic Act No. 6657, June 10, 1988 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) Executive Order No. 405, June 14, 1990 Executive Order No. 407, June 14, 1990  Philippine Republic President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) When President Fidel V. Ramos formally took over in 1992, his administration came face to face with publics who have lost confidence in the agrarian reform program. His administration committed to the vision “Fairer, faster and more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program. President Fidel V. Ramos enacted the following laws: Republic Act No. 7881, 1995 Republic Act No. 7905, 1995 Executive Order No. 363, 1997 Republic Act No. 8435, 1997 (Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act AFMA) Republic Act 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill)  Philippine Republic President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000) “ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP’. This was the battle cry that endeared President Joseph Estrada and made him very popular during the 1998 presidential election. President Joseph E. Estrada initiated the enactment of the following law: Executive Order N0. 151, September 1999 (Farmer’s Trust Fund) During his administration, President Estrada launched the Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA. The DAR forged into joint ventures with private investors into agrarian sector to make FBs competitive. However, the Estrada Administration was short lived. The masses who put him into office demanded for his ouster.  Philippine Republic President Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo (2000-2010) The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration is anchored on the vision “To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by building partnership and promoting social equity and new economic opportunities towards lasting peace and sustainable rural development.” Land Tenure Improvement Provision of Support Services Infrastrucre Projects KALAHI ARZone Agrarian Justice  Philippine Republic President Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016) President Benigno Aquino III vowed during his 2012 State of the Nation Address that he would complete before the end of his term the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), the centerpiece program of the administration of his mother, President Corazon Aquino. The younger Aquino distributed their family-owned Hacienda Luisita in Tarlac. Apart from the said farm lots, he also promised to complete the distribution of privately-owned lands of productive agricultural estates in the country that have escaped the coverage of the program. Under his administration, the Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (ARCCESS) project was created to contribute to the overall goal of rural poverty reduction especially in agrarian reform areas.  Philippine Republic President Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016 – 2022) Under his leadership, the President wants to pursue an “aggressive” land reform program that would help alleviate the life of poor Filipino farmers by prioritizing the provision of support services alongside land distribution. The President directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase of agrarian reform where landless farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). Duterte plans to place almost all public lands, including military reserves, under agrarian reform.The President also placed 400 hectares of agricultural lands in Boracay under CARP. Under his administration the DAR created an anti-corruption task force to investigate and handle reports on alleged anomalous activities by officials and employees of the department. The Department also pursues an “Oplan Zero Backlog” in the resolution of cases in relation to agrarian justice delivery of the agrarian reform program to fast-track the implementation of CARP.  Philippine Republic President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. (2022 – present) The Agrarian Emancipation Act or Republic Act No. 11953 Thank You