Grade 4 Quiz Study Guide.pdf

Name ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Grade 4 Science Study Guide Quiz next Tuesday, October 3, 2023 (for Veldhuizen) or Wednesday, October 4, 2023 (for Jonff & Hooper) Name of Earth Layer Key Facts Crust ● ● ● Thinnest layer of the ear...

Name ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Grade 4 Science Study Guide Quiz next Tuesday, October 3, 2023 (for Veldhuizen) or Wednesday, October 4, 2023 (for Jonff & Hooper) Name of Earth Layer Key Facts Crust ● ● ● Thinnest layer of the earth 18 miles thick below land - called continental crust 6 miles thick below the oceans - called oceanic crust Mantle ● ● Contains convection currents that move the tectonic plates Made up of mostly magma Outer Core ● Made up of mostly liquid iron and nickel Inner Core ● ● ● The densest layer of the earth Made up of mostly solid iron and nickel Scientists believe that the inner core is solid because it has immense pressure on it from the layers above. How do scientists know what’s inside the earth? ● They study how the seismic waves from an earthquake travel through the earth. Why does the earth have different layers? ● The Earth has different layers because each layer of the earth is made up of different elements that each have different densities. The denser layers (heavier) are towards the center of the earth. What causes earth’s magnetism? ● Scientists believe that the spinning of the inner core and the outer core causes earth’s magnetic field. What was the name of the supercontinent? ● Pangea How long ago do scientists believe the Pangea existed? ● 200 million years ago What do we call the movement of the earth’s plates? ● continental drift What scientist came up with the theory of continental drift? ● Alfred Wegener (a German meteorologist and geophysicist) What do we call each “puzzle piece” of the earth’s crust? ● Tectonic plates How fast do tectonic plates move in a year? ● About 10 cm a year (which is about how much your fingernails grow in a year) What are the two types of crust called? ● continental crust and oceanic crust Name of Tectonic Plate Definition Convergent When two tectonic plates collide and push into each other What Does This Plate Boundary Create? When 2 continental crusts collide, they create: mountains When 2 oceanic crusts collide, they both sink into the mantle and create: trenches When an oceanic crust collides with continental crust, the oceanic crust subducts (or slides underneath) the continental crust and they create: volcanoes or mountains Divergent Transform When two tectonic plates divide or pull away from each other When two tectonic plates slide past each other Divergent plates create: mid-ocean ridges or rift valleys Transform plates create: earthquakes and possible tsunamis