Grade 11 Physics Textbook PDF
Document Details
2023
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Summary
This is a Grade 11 Physics textbook published by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education. It covers various physics units, including Physics and Human Society, Vectors, and others. The textbook is designed for students in secondary school.
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Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Textbook Grade 11 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Take Good Care of This Textbook This textbook is the property of your...
Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Textbook Grade 11 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Take Good Care of This Textbook This textbook is the property of your school. Take good care not to damage or lose it. Here are 10 ideas that help you take care of the book. 1. Cover the book with protective materials. 2. Always keep the book in a clean dry place. 3. Be sure your hands are clean when you use the book. 4. Do not write on the cover or inside pages. 5. Use a piece of paper or cardboard as a bookmark. 6. Never tear or cut out any pictures or pages. 7. Repair any torn pages with paste or tape. 8. Pack the book carefully when you place it in your school bag. 9. Handle the book with care when passing it to another person. 10. When using a new book for the first time, lay it on its back. Open only a few pages at a time. Press lightly along the bound edge as you turn the pages. This will keep the cover in good condition. Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics 11 FDRE, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website First Published in 2023 by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education, under the General Education Quality Improvement Program for Equity (GEQIP-E) supported by the World Bank, UK’s Department for International Development/DFID-now merged with the Foreign, Common wealth and Development Office/FCDO, Finland Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Royal Norwegian Embassy, United Nations Children’s Fund/ UNICEF), the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), and Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, through a Multi Donor Trust Fund. ©2023 by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education. All rights reserved. The moral rights of the author have been asserted. No part of this textbook reproduced, copied in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, mechanical, magnetic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Ministry of Education or licensing in accordance with the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia as expressed in the Federal Negarit Gazeta, Proclamation No. 410/2004 - Copyright and Neighboring Rights Protection. The Ministry of Education wishes to thank many individuals, groups, and other bodies involved – directly or indirectly – in publishing this Textbook. Special thanks are due to Hawassa University for their huge contribution to the development of this textbook in collaboration with Addis Ababa University, Bahir Dar University, and Jimma University. Copyrighted materials used by permission of their owners. If you are the owner of copyrighted material not cited or improperly cited, please contact the Ministry of Education, Head Office, Arat Kilo, (P.O.Box 1367), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Printed by: GRAVITY GROUP IND LLC 13th Industrial Area, Sharjah, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Under Ministry of Education Contract no. MOE/GEQIP-E/LICB/G-01/23 ISBN: 978-99990-0-034-5 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website CONTENTS Unit 1 1. Physics and Human Society 1 1 U nit 2 2. Vectors 17 17 Unit 3 3. motion in one and two dimensions 47 47 U nit 4 4. Dynamics 95 95 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website U nit 5 5. Heat Conduction and Calorimetry 175 175 Unit 6 6. Electrostatics and Electric Circuit 217 217 Unit 7 7. Nuclear Physics 287 287 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website 1. PHYSICS AND HUMAN SOCIETY After completing this unit, student will be able to: get acquainted with the impact of physics on society. familiarize themselves with physics communities and their roles. develop basic understanding of the making of physics knowledge. familiarize themselves with basic principles and applications of physics in various disciplines. acquire basic knowledge and understandings of nature and appreciate it. update themselves with the current status of physics. 1.1 Importance of Physics to Society At the end of this section you will be able to: explain the importance of physics to society Brainstorming 1. What is the benefit of physics for society? 2. What are the technologies directly related to physics that benefit society? 1 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Text Book 2 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website The Influence of Physics on Society Explain the important of physics in transport, electronics and health. Ä Activity 1.1 1. Explain the influence of physics on society in transport, health, economy, technology, etc 1.2 Physics Communities and Their Roles At the end of this section you will be able to: discuss about physics communities and their roles. Brainstorming 1. What is the purpose of establishment of physics communities? What are the technologies directly related to physics that benefit society? 3 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Text Book Objectives of EPS ã To promote physics education and research in the country; ã To organize and coordinate various conferences on physics education and exchange of scientific information; ã To popularize physics in order to make students develop interest in physics; ã To promote active participation of Ethiopian physicists and the general public in the design and implementation of the physics curriculum; ã To create a means for disseminating scientific information; etc. equipment, computing facilities, provide scholarship…etc. Group Work Ä Activity 1.2 What are the benefits of physics communities? 4 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website 1.3 Making of Physics Knowledge At the end of this section you will be able to: discuss how scientific knowledge is constructed. discuss the roles that the learning of physics plays to the individual intellectual satisfaction. Brainstorming 1. What is the process of gaining knowledge in physics? Experimental knowledge I. Sensory perception: sensory perception is perhaps the dominant source of experiential knowledge, it immediately raises a critical question. We gather knowledge by seeing, touching hearing, etc. II. Introspection: Introspection is like a sixth sense that looks into the most intimate parts of our minds, which allows us to inspect how we are feeling and how our thoughts are operating. If I go to a doctor complaining of an aching back, she’ll ask me to describe my pain. Through introspection I then might report, “Well, it’s a sharp pain that starts right here and stops right here.” The doctor herself cannot directly experience what I do and must rely on my introspective description. III. Memory: a memory is like a recording device that captures events that one can experience more or less in the order that they occur. IV. Testimony: Testimonies from written sources are usually more reliable than 5 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Text Book oral sources, but much depends on the integrity of the author, publisher, and the methods of fact-gathering. Non-Experiential Knowledge Scientific method Examples of Scientific Method in Physics Experiment: You decide to heat water at different altitudes and record the boiling temperature. Analysis: Altitude (m) Boiling point of water ( Co) 0 100 150 99.5 305 99 610 98 1524 95 6 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Ä Activity 1.3 1. Give some examples in the process of scientific method of knowledge gain. 1.4 The Mission of Physics and Career Awareness At the end of this section you will be able to: explain the job opportunities concerning to physics. Brainstorming 1. Mansion lists of career related to physics. Typical careers in physics Figure 1: Career opportunities 7 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Text Book Physics careers in space and astrono- my Figure 2: A person observing stars through telescope Physics careers in healthcare Figure 3: observing CT scan result Physics careers in engineering Figure 4: engineers working place 8 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics careers in energy Figure 5: wind energy production site Physics careers in technology Figure 6: application of machines 9 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Text Book Geophysics and meteorology careers Figure 7: Metrological report Research scientist careers Figure 8: Data scientist 1.5 Current Status of Physics At the end of this section you will be able to: list at least five recent new developments or discoveries in the fields of physics. Brainstorming Go to library and websites search out what are the newest discoveries in physics 10 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Major recent discoveries in Physics Discovery of Exoplanets: Figure 9: Artist’s impressio of exo planet orbiting two stars https://www.nobelprize.org/interactive-visualisations-the-discovery-of-exoplanets/ Black hole: Figure 10: Image of Black Hole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penrose, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez 11 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Text Book Quantum cryptography: High energy physics (Particle Accelerators) Gravitational wave (Large scale structures) Global warming: Figure 11: gravitational wave experimenting areas 12 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website _ Figure 12: illustrating the effect of global warming. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) (−223 °C) Figure 13: image of JWST 13 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Physics Student Text Book Figure 14: Star formation in Carina Nebula. Future perspectives. Figure 15: Some photographs of the newly inaugurated Ethiopian Science and Art Museum. 14 Ethiofetena.com Ethiopian No 1 Educational Website Figure 16: Interior of the Dome-shaped Science and Art Museum Ä Activity 1.4 1. Google the web or go to the library to find some information to find out what is going on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_Museum_of_Art_and_ Science. Questions 1.1 Explain current status of physics. 1. What do you think the future of physics looks like? Your opinions in one paragraph or two with justification. 2. What is the significances of the two discoveries- gravitational wave, and Higgs boson? 15
