GRADE 11_PHILOSOPHY.pdf

SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY Philosophaster is a pret...

SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY Philosophaster is a pretender to Reviewer outline: philosophical knowledge (pilosopo Lesson 1, Doing Philosophy, page #1 in a negative sense) Lesson 2, Methods of Philosophizing, page #6 ACADEMIC DEFINITION Lesson 3, The Human Person as Philosophy is the constant search Embodied and Existential for truth and meaning in life A Subjectivity, page #10 It fundamentally asks the questions: “why” or the “why-ness” of things Credits to: Fajardo, Reviewer R Fajardo, Quizlet Flashcard Fajardo, Questionnaire LESSON 1 FROM MUTHOS TO LOGOS Muthos (story) - refer to myths, narratives, and stories that conveyed moral, cultural, and religious truths SA Doing Philosophy Logos (reasons) - represent rational discourse, logic, and reasoned INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY explanations “Sapagkat ang Pilosopiya ay ginagawa.” – Roque J. Ferriols, SJ Homer - Greek poet ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION - Author of The Iliad and The PI Φ - is the symbol for Philosophy Odyssey which are the foundational Greek origin: Philosophia → philo works of ancient Greek literature means love or loving, and sophia means wisdom Hesiod Philosophy is the love of wisdom. It - Greek poet is the pursuit of wisdom. - Major source on Greek mythology, Philosopher is the lover of wisdom farming techniques, early economic (pilosopo in a positive sense) thought Sophist is a wise or learned person - Author of the Didactic poem: Works and Days 1 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY THAUMA Relationship between magic, In Greek, Thauma means “WONDER” supernatural beliefs, and the Wonder as ‘awe’ emergence of Philosophy and ○ Amazement, admiration or Science marvel Wonder as ‘stupefaction,’ according ANCIENT PERIOD to Oliver Feltham means: A. Pre-Socratic Era A ○ State of confusion Only a few written traces and ○ Drives us to ask and doubt illusions from subsequent ○ Moves us to seek the answer philosophers and historians exist R Stupefaction urges us to ask the perennial questions in life. It should lead one to question. PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS from their writings Commonly called “Natural Thinkers” but not Philosophers in the strictest sense Thinkers view the world as SA Questions in philosophy are geared ‘Mythology’ not to be answered abruptly nor The operative theme was immediately ‘Cosmocentrism’ For Alain Badiou, a French Thinkers are looking for the arche contemporary philosopher, (origin) of things philosophical questions are ○ Thales – Water is the basic questions that touch upon matters element which originates PI related to: everything. ○ Choice ○ Anaximander – Apeiron is ○ Meaning the unoriginated and ○ Life indestructible primary substance of things. INTRODUCTION TO THE ○ Anaximenes – Air is the PRE-SOCRATICS primary substance which Early Greek thinkers laid the constitutes all physical groundwork for Western Philosophy reality. Transition from mythological ○ Heraclitus – Fire is the (muthos) to rational (logos) creative and transformative 2 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY element that makes up The Pre-Socratics laid the reality. groundwork for scientific thought by ○ Anaxagoras – Natural challenging supernatural causes, not the gods, explanations with naturalistic and determines and shapes rational approaches. reality. This interplay between muthos and ○ Parmenides – Reality, as logos set the stage for the A plurality, is an illusion. The development of science, where universe is One. empirical observation began to ○ Pythagoras – Number is the replace mythological narratives. R ○ First cause of existence. Empedocles – Play of opposites (contradiction) is the only thing that is constant in life. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE Philosophy It is the science of all things. SA ○ Democritus – The atomic It examines the ultimate causes and universe is what constitutes principles of reality. reality. It is the fundamental study and creation of concepts. THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN MAGIC, It rationally explains and seeks the PHILOSOPHY, AND SCIENCE truth. It questions everything. PI Magic and Philosophy Science Early philosophy did not outright It examines the nature of reality reject magic but sought to through empirical observation and understand it within a broader experimentation rational framework. Characteristics of Science: Some Pre-Socratics used the ○ Measurable language of muthos to convey their ○ Predictable ideas, recognizing its power in ○ Observable shaping thought. ○ Repetition ○ Beneficial Science Emergence 3 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY B. Socratic Era Truth can be known in and through The operative theme was the use of REASON alone. ‘Logocentrism’ and ‘Anthropocentrism’ POSTMODERN PERIOD Socrates – Philosophy begins with It is a contemporary drift from the the discovery of man’s soul. The modern period. excellence (arête) of the soul It discards the possibility of any A (psyche) and how to attain it is his objective knowledge and is primary objective in philosophy. therefore suspicious of monolithic Plato - A well-known student of truth, universality, rationality, and R Socrates who wrote the Dialogues in memory of his teacher Aristotle - A well-known student of Plato, who followed him yet departed from the idealism of his structural progress. PYTHAGORAS Pythagoras marked a radical shift from the mythic to the rational. SA teacher and started his own school He made philosophy a domain that of thought grounded on logic and focuses on the concept and not a science. He was known as the mere investigation of nature, “Father of Syllogistic (Formal) devoid of any meta principle. It Logic.” shows that while philosophy is as real as it gets, it is also something MEDIEVAL PERIOD that is not for everyone, but it can PI Also known as the ‘Middle Ages’ or be open to all. the ‘Dark Ages’ Pythagoras’ exact take of The operative theme was philosophy can be summarized by ‘Theocentrism’ his actual idea of Philosophus Philosophus - everyone is a MODERN PERIOD philosopher The operative theme was ○ More of a challenge for ‘Philosophical Anthropology’ everyone who dares to study It focuses on rationality, philosophy industrialization, urbanization, and a questioning of traditional beliefs. 4 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY ○ Being a philosopher is too ○ It can even study something difficult, a near-impossible that is not yet but is task possible to be known ○ “Someone who, in all his Philosophy as Science of All Thing might, pursues wisdom.” through Its Ultimate Causes and Principles WHAT PHILOSOPHY SHOULD BE ○ Studying any object in A According to Alain Badiou: philosophy is no simple The study of philosophy should matter wake in us the value of living the ○ Philosophy is not satisfied R right way. Philosophy paves the way toward pursuing true and lasting life. According to Giles Deleuze: with answers that can be given via yes or no Philosophy as Science of All Things through Its Ultimate Causes Acquired through the Use SA Evolution of ideas of Natural Reason ○ Philosophy is not an activity THE SYSTEMATIC DEFINITION OF that is left to either chance PHILOSOPHY or pure faith. Philosophy as a Science ○ Philosophy is an activity ○ It relates to the actual without help other than expectation of rigor and itself. PI elements of observation and hypothesis. Lesson 1 Summary: ○ Not limited to physical or Lesson 1 discussed the introduction of natural sciences only Philosophy, the etymological, academic, Philosophy as a Science of All and systematic definition, the transition Things from muthos to logos, and the difference ○ Philosophy can study between Philosophy and Science. It also anything under the sun as includes the introduction to pre-socratics and Pythagoras' takes on philosophy and long as the subject is able to philosophical questions. generate possible ideas 5 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY It examines how we acquire, justify, LESSON 2 and evaluate our beliefs and Methods of Philosophizing assumptions. Basic questions: BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY ○ What is knowledge? ○ How do we acquire 1. Metaphysics knowledge? A Greek: meta, meaning beyond or after, and physika, meaning physical 3. Ethics It is the study of things beyond Greek: ethos, which means custom, nature. R It explores the fundamental nature of reality, including the nature of existence, For Aristotle, metaphysics is the habit, or character Often times called Moral Philosophy It explores concepts of right and wrong, virtue, and the nature of the SA “first philosophy.” good life. Basic questions: Concepts of what is right and wrong ○ What is the nature of reality Morality (Latin: mores, which means or being? custom, habit, or character) ○ What exists beyond the ○ Application of what is right physical world? or wrong Basic questions: PI 2. Epistemology ○ What is the right thing to Greek: episteme, which means do? “knowledge” or “science,” and logos, ○ How should we act? which means “study” Also known as the Theory of 4. Aesthetics Knowledge It deals with the theory of beauty, It studies the nature, origins, extent, or more broadly, the philosophy of constraints, and validity of art. knowledge. It explores the nature of beauty, art, and the criteria for evaluating artistic creations. 6 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY “What makes an art an art” verification, confirmation, law, and Basic questions: so on. ○ What is beauty? Basic questions: ○ What makes something a ○ What is the nature of work of art? scientific knowledge? ○ How does science describe 5. Political Philosophy and explain the world? A It deals with the origins of the state, the nature and structure of 7. Philosophy of Religion political and social systems, the link It deals with the evaluation and R between political freedoms and idealisms, human rights, challenges, and issues, and so on. For Plato, an ideal ruler is a Philosopher, not because he is a analysis of religious knowledge, the meaninglessness of religious language, the reasons for believing in God, and the link between religion and reason. SA philosopher, but because an ideal Basic questions: ruler is someone with Philosophical ○ How does language training. influence our thoughts? Basic questions: ○ Does language mirror reality, ○ What is the best form of or is it a human construct? government? ○ What is an ideal ruler? 8. Philosophy of Language PI It is concerned with the 6. Philosophy of Science grammatical characteristics of It is a branch of philosophy linguistic expressions. concerned with the development of Link between meaning and truth appropriate scientific Basic questions: methodologies, the investigation of ○ What is the relationship epistemological issues encountered between language and in individual sciences, and the reality? clarification of scientific terms such ○ How do words and symbols as fact, hypothesis, theory, or proof convey meaning? 7 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY 9. Logic The ability to arrange and initiate Greek: logikos, which means the best course of action ahead of “reasons” or “discourse” time is crucial in decision-making. It is about reasoning and reasoning Advance thinking is a kind of thinking. Principle of correct reason and Contextual thinking good argumentation The ability to understand and A Basic questions: interpret information within its ○ What makes an argument situational framework. valid? Situation affects our decision R ○ How can we ensure sound reasoning? EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TRUTH Creative thinking The ability to generate new ideas, concepts, and solutions. Thinking outside the standard SA 1. Absolutism - Truth is absolute confines of traditional logic or 2. Relativism - Truth is relative reasoning 3. Skepticism - Truth is open to doubt/suspicion Collaborative thinking 4. Empiricism - Truth can be verified The ability to detect intersubjective through experience; to see is to value in order to develop empathic believe understanding towards others. PI 5. Rationalism - Truth can be justified Open communication by reason alone Collective process Other people are involved in ELEMENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING decision-making Independent thinking WHAT IS TRUTH? The ability to think critically and It is the object of all philosophical creatively without relying heavily on investigation. authority or opinions of others. It is a highest of all human value Proactive thinking THEORIES ON KNOWLEDGE 8 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY Theory of Realism Theory of Phenomenology The mind is capable of grasping the It is the study of structures of truth consciousness as experienced in the It assumes that there is a reality first person. outside the mind, and it can be known in and through experience Theory of Axioms A and inferential judgment. It is a statement or an assumption Related to the theory of that is regarded as true and correspondence accurate, such as a theorem in R Theory of Relativism It established that the basis of truth is always related to the subjective intervention on any phenomenon. mathematics. It presents to be self-evidently true. Lesson 2 Summary: SA Lesson 2 is a comprehensive exploration Truth for one person may not be of the branches of philosophy, the truth for other epistemological approaches to truth, Truth cannot be known in itself since elements of critical thinking, and theories truth is always relative or on knowledge. This in-depth discussion dependent on a person. provided a broad understanding of the subject. There are two types of Relativism: ○ Moral Relativism PI ○ Cultural Relativism Theory of Pragmatism The value of truth is dependent on its result or its consequences The norms of truth are based on: ○ Use or utility ○ Must be workable or doable ○ Should have a satisfying or beneficial consequence/s An idea is true if it satisfies these norms 9 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY ○ Plato LESSON 3 ○ Aristotle The Human Person as Embodied and Existential Subjectivity 1. Socrates “The unexamined life is not worth ANCIENT CONCEPTION ON THE HUMAN living” PERSON Ironically remarked: “The only thing A Traces its roots to Ancient Greece I know is that I know nothing.” Philosophical thoughts were Place more premium on the centered on the nature and excellence (arete) of the soul observation of the cosmos R (Cosmocentrism). Two types of thinkers: ○ ○ Pre-Socratic Socratic (psyche), along with the value of thinking or the life of thought The beginning of wisdom is knowing oneself, and the proper way to do philosophy is to dialogue SA both internally and outwardly. Pre-Socratics 2. Plato Natural thinkers A student of Socrates They tried to explain and make the Born into a wealthy aristocratic world more sensical by posting family elements found in nature. Previous name: Aristocles Focus: nature (physis) Like Socrates, he put greater PI Primary goal: Know and discover emphasis on the role of the mind the physical world through For him and Socrates, the root of empirical observation and evil is ignorance. The way to conjectures overcome this is knowledge of the good, which entails doing Socratics He formulated the Theory of Pure Thinking was centered around Forms, which asserts that the world psyche (soul) of forms (the most pure of all It is composed of three people (The things) is superior to the world of Triumvirate): matter (physical world). ○ Socrates 10 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY The soul is the real and true nature ○ Vegetative soul - includes of the human person. plants, only capable of The body is just the prison cell of reproduction and growth the soul. ○ Sensitive soul - includes For him, there are three parts of the animals, capable of human soul: reproduction, growth, ○ Rational soul (nous) - mobility, and sensation A guiding part toward truth ○ Rational soul - includes ○ Spirited soul (thymos) - humans, capable of doing all noble part, and the heart of of the above along with R ○ the soul Appetitive soul - soul’s pleasure-centeredness and body fulfillment though and reflection The world is divided into two categories: ○ Substance - the substantial form or essence of a being SA 3. Aristotle (e.g., the dogness of a dog). Studied at Plato’s Academy It refers to anything that is a One of his most important works: natural form; exists on its Nicomachean Ethics own. He claimed that Eudaimonia ○ Accident - non-essential or (human flourishing/happiness) is non-necessary properties, the ultimate goal of life and that qualities, or elements of an PI pursuing Eudaimonia in the correct object (e.g., the color, size, way leads to a virtuous life. weight of the dog) The human person is a composite of a substance and form which MEDIEVAL CONCEPTION ON THE complement one another, referred HUMAN PERSON to as hylomorphism. Medieval means “the in-between The soul is the principle that time” animates the body, causes the body Almost all medieval intellectuals to move or act. and scholars were concerned with Three categories of the soul: their endeavor to reconcile 11 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY philosophy (reason) with theology originated from God. He believed (faith) they are compatible and can The role of and function of faith operate together. were elevated above reason, not to Main work: Summa Theologiae supersede reason, but to make faith provides a thorough and reasonable systematic compilation of theology, philosophy, and moral A 1. St. Augustine of Hippo (AD 345-430) theory, while also containing the Known as the “Christian Plato” five ways of God’s existence. because he was greatly influenced For him, the human person is an R by Platonic ideals. He was then the defender of truth and the defender of the souls. To him, a person is a composite of body and soul, but the soul has individual substance of a rational nature. Three types and functions of the soul: Rational soul - immortal; SA ○ more value since the body can be made up of: corrupted by worldly desires, while intellect (reason) the soul can lead us to the truth of which establishes a God. course of action or a The nature of human beings is a sense of purpose, “great mystery” that needs to be while resolved. will (volition) brings PI “Credo ut intelligam” (I believe in it to completion order that I may understand.) ○ Sensitive soul - made up of: Senses (internal and 2. St. Thomas Aquinas (AD 1225-1274) external) - material Known as the “Christian Aristotle” cognitive capacity because he was inspired by Appetites Aristotle’s philosophy (concupiscent and He considered reason and faith to irascible) - inherent be complementary rather than inclination of being ancillary to each other, as both toward one’s knowledge and reason both passions or desires 12 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY Human person as res cogitans MODERN CONCEPTION ON THE HUMAN (thinking thing) and not a “thinking PERSON being” because the body is not real Anthropocentric - centered on man Res extensa (extended thing) - essential attribute of all corporeal 1. Rene Descartes substances Father of the Modern Philosophy A Cartesian Method - explores the 2. Immanuel Kant value of thinking and the primacy Reason alone is sufficient for of mind knowing oneself and the reality R Methodic doubt - to doubt everything, including the one that posits it Two criteria of truth: Clear around the person Reason is adequate for establishing and justifying moral law since it is both transcendentally and universally authoritative on all SA ○ ○ Distinct rational beings If one thinks (doubts), one exists The only thing that is absolutely Cogito ergo sum - “I think therefore, good and without qualification is I am” goodwill Doubt is a precursor to an endless Three important moral principles: stream of consciousness. ○ Principle of the Universal For him, true knowledge cannot be Laws - one should act only PI based on sense-experience according to that maxim by because sense-experience is which you may susceptible to change and simultaneously will that it questionable assumptions; cannot would become a universal provide any epistemological law guarantees. ○ Principle of Humanity or The mind may exist outside the Ends - one should act so body since the affirmation of the that you treat humanity as physical body is dependent on the an end and never as a mind. means only 13 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY ○ Principle of Autonomy - ground of morality and subsumes every rational being is able moral decadence to regard oneself as a maker For him, religion has nothing to do of universal law with morality Inherent and ultimate good - “God is dead” perform our moral duty for duty’s ○ Neither pessimistic nor sake negative A ○ Meaning of God becomes 3. Soren Kierkegaard problematic in an age where First existentialist thinker religious hypocrisy and R Three phases of life: ○ Aesthetic life - fascination with the arts and the propensity towards the erotic theological pretense are more celebrated than living the Gospel according to Christ’s teachings Despite the purposelessness of life, SA ○ Ethical life - one must face humans have an immanent capacity this ascent and deal with the and inherent creativity to surpass absurdities of life openly and life’s absurdities and difficulties forthrightly despite the Once we rise above the difficulty meaningless life, a new breed of ○ Religious life - life organism (ubermensch) is made transcends the justifications Nihilism - leads us to nothingness; PI and boundaries of reason the absence of meaning, objective, and absolute value CONTEMPORARY CONCEPTION ON THE The concept of telos (goal) is merely HUMAN PERSON a man-made illusion. The human person is also material 2. Marice Merleau-Ponty 1. Friedrich Nietzche Provide the fundamental structure One of the prominent thinkers in of human experiences the Contemporary period Theory of Perception - essential Rejects christianity as traditional idea is the person’s live experience morality because it infers a weak (erlebnis) 14 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY Believed that all kinds of For him, the dualistic distinction consciousness are perceptual by between the “mind” and the “body” nature is the consequence of willful For him, perception is more than ignorance or flawed analysis just a sensory experience; it is an It asserts the idea that all event horizon that allows our knowledge about reality and our perception of an object. perception of ourselves is grounded A The object we learn to know appear on the “phenomena” of experience, to us as “representations” which the phenomena as an “event” or we sense intuitively something that appears in our R Common sense realism implies passive perception and a very simple procedure that provides an accurate image of reality Two separate aspects of human experience Intentionality of consciousness - to be conscious of something Three phenomenological steps to get an accurate description of SA perception: reality: ○ Sensation - given by the 1. Epoche - free of empirical external environment biases and scientific ○ Interpretation - supplied by presuppositions; suspending our thoughts and bracketing one’s judgment HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED 2. Eidetic Reduction - PI SUBJECTIVITY reduction of the object of inquiry or observation to its 1. Edmund Husserl essence (eidos) German mathematician and 3. Transcendental philosopher Phenomenological Pioneered a new method and Reduction - psychological founded a school of reduction of the object of phenomenology inquiry in the consciousness Phenomenology was a radical shift in relation to the from the traditional dualistic intersubjective realm of conception of reality. meaning 15 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN 2. Gabriel Marcel EXISTENTIAL SUBJECT Well-known French thinker and Christian Existentialist who Jean-Paul Sartre advocated the phenomenological First known self-professed thinker method to declare himself as existentialist A harsh critique of the Cartesian atheist A model of thinking and emphasized Existentialism can be viewed in two the concreteness of life, not the related ways obstinate abstraction of things 1. Philosophical approach in R Marcel’s philosophical attitude is premised on being the active participant of the world The essence of being human is defined by one’s immersion in the understanding human existence 2. Philosophical movement or attitude on how one can make sense of human SA world of concrete experiences existence In phenomenology, human person is For existentialists, human life is not an embodied subjectivity defined by any divine beings, Two kinds of philosophical reflection traditional grand-narratives, to address the problem and mystery external authorities, and normative of being: moral claims. 1. Primary Reflection - “Essence precedes Existence” PI examines its subject by applying abstraction, GREEK TERMINOLOGIES generalization, impartiality Philo - Love and analytic assessment Sophia - Wisdom 2. Secondary Reflection - Philosophy - Love of Wisdom understands a subject while Aletheia - Truth using concrete examples, Thauma - Marvel or Wonder representative objects, Muthos - Myth/Story tangible objects, and Logos - Reason synthetic assessment Matheme - Natural Explanation Mytheme - Mythical Explanation 16 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY Phainomenon - Appearance Arche - Origin Psyche - Soul Arete - Excellence Nous - Rational Soul Thymos - Spirited Soul Hyle - Matter A Morphe - Form Hylomorphic - Composite of both Matter and Form R Eidos - Essence Eudaimonia - Happiness Lesson 3 Summary: SA Lesson 3 explored the diverse Western philosophical perspectives on the human person. It also traced the development of ideas and the movement of human thought through the Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and Contemporary periods. Lastly, it introduced the fundamental concept of the human person. PI References: Book - Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, page 2-38 Lecture Notes Philosophy Notes: Ate Claui 17 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER PHILOSOPHY A R SA PI 18 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG