Grade 10 Physical Sciences Term 1 Planning PDF

**[GRADE 10 -- PHYSICAL SCIENCES]** **[TERM 1]** **1. Revise: Scientific skills & scientific notation & conversions** - ***Rounding off*** to a specified number of digits. - Understand powers of 10 and exponent laws. - Understand ***Scientific notation.*** - Convert standard form of ve...

**[GRADE 10 -- PHYSICAL SCIENCES]** **[TERM 1]** **1. Revise: Scientific skills & scientific notation & conversions** - ***Rounding off*** to a specified number of digits. - Understand powers of 10 and exponent laws. - Understand ***Scientific notation.*** - Convert standard form of very large and very small numbers in Scientific notation and vice versa, with or without a calculator. - Use calculator to do calculations using the scientific notation. - Know SI symbols and units. - ***Convert units* to** SI units. - Identify common conversion factors in mass, length, volume, temperature and pressure. - Recognise and convert various metric scales of measurement. - Recall orders of magnitude. - Translate data into the correct units and dimensions using conversion factors and scientific notation. - Do mathematical manipulations to solve equations. - Scientific method. - Variables. - Draw and use tables and graphs. - Interpretation of graphs. - Link line graphs to mathematical equation. - **Direct and inverse relationship** **2. Revise: Classification of Matter & Kinetic Molecular Theory** **Macroscopic properties:** - Mixture -- homo and heterogenous - Pure substance -- elements and compounds - Names and formula of substances - Properties of materials. **Revise** **The concept of the particle model of matter (KMT):** - States of matter. \- phase changes \- melting and boiling point - Kinetic molecular theory of matter \- atoms and molecules are referred to as particles \- all matter (5 phases) is made up of particles \- these particles are too small to see \- the spaces between the particles are empty \- evidence that suggests that the particles are arranged differently in a solid, liquid and a gas **3. The Atom - basic building block of all matter** **Atomic models** \- List key discoveries. \- Identify 5 major contributors to the current model used today. **Structure of the atom:** **- Electrons, protons and neutrons.** \- Define the atomic number of an element and give its value. \- Give the number of protons present in an atom of an element electrons present in a neutral atom. \- Calculate the number of neutrons present. **Isotopes:** \- Explain the term isotope. \- Represent atoms (nuclides) using the notation [~*Z*~^*A*^*E*]{.math.inline} \- Calculate the mass number for an isotope of an element. **Electron configuration:** \- Give electronic arrangement of atoms (up to Z=20) according to the orbital box diagrams (notation, (↑↓)) and the spectroscopic electron configuration notation (1s^2^,2s^2^, 2p^6^, 3s^2^, 3p^6^, 4s^2^). -Aufbau principle and diagrams. -Describe atomic orbitals and the shapes of the s-orbitals and the p-orbitals. -Apply Hund's rule and Pauli's Exclusion Principle. **Formation of ions** -Show that by removing electrons from an atom the neutrality of the atom is changed. -Valence electrons. **4. Periodic Table** **Composition:** - **The position of the elements in the periodic table related to their electron arrangements.** - Understand that elements in the PT are arranged in order of ascending atomic number. - Appreciate the PT as a systematic way to arrange elements. - Valence electrons and valency. - Define the group number and the period number of an element in the PT. **Periodic Trends:** - Define atomic radius - Ionization energy - Electron-affinity - Electronegativity. **5. Chemical bonding & Revise: Naming of compounds and writing** **formula & Revise: Writing and Balancing of Chemical Equations** **Define covalent bonding** - **Sharing of electrons -- single, double and triple.** - **Electron diagrams, names, formula of simple covalent molecules.** **Define ionic bonding** - Use electron diagrams to describe formation of ions/ ionic bonds due to electron transfer. - Draw the electron diagrams of cations and anions. - Name ionic compounds. - Describe structure of an ionic crystal. - Salts are due to ionic bonding. **Define metallic bonding** - Describe the simple model of metallic bonding. **Balancing** - Identify elements and compounds in chemical reactions. - Represent chemical changes using reaction equations. - Translate word equations into chemical equations with formulae with subscripts to represent phases (s), (ℓ), (g) and (aq) - Balance reaction equations by inspection using reaction equations - Interpret balanced reaction equations in terms of \- conservation of atoms \- conservation of relative atomic masses **6. Waves basics** **Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, period, wave speed** - Define a transverse wave as a succession of transverse pulses. - Define wavelength, frequency, period, crest and trough of a wave, amplitude. - Explain the wave concepts: in phase and out of phase. - Know the relationship between frequency and period: i.e. [\$T = \\ \\frac{1}{ƒ}\$]{.math.inline} and [\$ƒ = \\ \\frac{1}{T}\$]{.math.inline} - Define wave speed as the product of the frequency and wavelength of a wave: [*v*= *ƒλ*]{.math.inline} - Interference: constructive, destructive **7. EMS** **Electromagnetic Radiation** - - - - Given a list of different types of EM radiation, arrange - Given the wavelength of EM waves, calculate the frequency. - Link frequency and wavelength to colour of light and energy. - Nature of EM as particle - energy of a photon related to frequency and wavelength.