General Chemistry 1 - Miriam College High School - PDF

General Chemistry 1 Miriam College High School Matter and Its Properties GenChem1 STEM-Strand  Objectives Define matter Describe properties of matter Classify matter according to state and composition Differentiate properties of matter ...

General Chemistry 1 Miriam College High School Matter and Its Properties GenChem1 STEM-Strand  Objectives Define matter Describe properties of matter Classify matter according to state and composition Differentiate properties of matter  Key Question How are matter and its component atoms and compounds characterized and studied? What is the value in knowing these things?  Keywords Atoms Chemical Property Compounds Elements Liquid Physical Property Extensive Property MATTER Heterogeneous Mixtures Solid Gas Intensive Property Mixtures Molecules Pure Substances Ions Homogeneous Mixtures  What is Matter? Anything that occupies space and has mass. What is matter composed of? What is matter composed of? Atomos. Elements*! Democritus *Earth, Water, Air, Fire Aristotle 400 BC and Aether 350 BC Matter is all around us. How do we classify matter?  Composition of Matter Classify matter to understand it better  Composition of Matter have uniform chemical composed of two or more composition throughout pure substances; and from sample to may or may not have sample uniform composition  Pure Substances have uniform chemical composition throughout and from sample to sample  Pure Substances composed of two or more cannot be broken down elements combined in into simpler substances definite proportions Pure Substances Elements? Aristotle 350 BC Pure Substances Elements! Robert Boyle *pure substances 1661  Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances even by chemical reactions all known elements are organized on the periodic table  Elements element symbols often consist of one or two letters of the element’s name How do we explain Fe is the symbol for iron?  Elements element symbols often consist of one or two letters of the element’s name How do we explain Fe is the symbol for iron?  Atoms smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element is the atom matter is composed of atoms  Atoms smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical Atomos! properties of that element is the atom matter is composed of atoms Democritus 500 BC  Atoms smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical Atomos! properties of that element is the atom matter is composed of atoms John Dalton 1808  Atoms and Molecules atoms can be found Molecules are combined in molecules composed of two or more atoms bound together in a discrete arrangement can be the same element or from different elements Atoms, Molecules and Ions ions can be atomic any atom or group of or molecular atoms that carries an electrical charge charge may be positive or negative due to loss or gain of electrons  Compounds Pure substance composed of two or more elements combined chemically in definite proportions a compound has properties that are different from those of its component elements  Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more elements or compounds Mixtures differ from pure compounds in that their components can be separated by physical processes.  Mixtures Mixtures can be further classified as homogeneous and heterogeneous has uniform does not have Solutions composition uniform composition throughout throughout Classification of Matter Matter Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture Mixture Classification of Matter systematic way of determining classification using properties of Would knowing this method help matter me as I continue living on Earth?  Properties of Matter According to change According to dependence involved during on the amount of matter measurement of property Physical Property Intensive Property Chemical Property Extensive Property  Properties of Matter A physical property is a characteristic that we can observe without changing the composition of a substance Qualitative property color odor Quantitative property mass volume density water temperature  Physical Change A physical change is a process that changes the physical properties of a substance without changing its chemical composition Changes in physical state are physical changes ice  Physical Change Changes in physical state are physical changes Matter can be classified according to physical state  Chemical Change A chemical change is a process where one or more substances are converted into one or more new substances Evidence may include: involves a chemical formation of gas colorreaction change change in temperature iron rusting  Chemical Change A chemical change is a process where one or more substances are converted into one or more new substances involves a chemical reaction iron rusting  Chemical Change A chemical change is a process where one or more substances are converted into one or more new substances formation of water  Extensive Property An extensive property is a characteristic that changes its value as the amount of substance is changed depends on volume amount of substance mass weight length water  Intensive Property An intensive property is a characteristic that does not change the value when the amount of substance is changed does not depend color on amount of substance density boiling point melting point water  Key Question How are matter and its component atoms and compounds characterized and studied? What is the value in knowing these things? Classification of Matter systematic way of determining classification using properties of matter