gp 5 poison.docx

**[Introduction]** Discovered by Canadian physician Abraham Gesner in the late 1840s, kerosene was initially manufactured from coal tar and shale oils. However, following the drilling of the first oil well in Pennsylvania by E.L. Drake in 1859, petroleum quickly became the major source of kerosene....

**[Introduction]** Discovered by Canadian physician Abraham Gesner in the late 1840s, kerosene was initially manufactured from coal tar and shale oils. However, following the drilling of the first oil well in Pennsylvania by E.L. Drake in 1859, petroleum quickly became the major source of kerosene. Because of its use in lamps, kerosene was the major refinery product for several decades until the advent of the electric lamp reduced its value for lighting. Production further declined as the rise of the automobile established gasoline as an important petroleum product. Nevertheless, in many parts of the world, kerosene is still a common heating and cooking fuel as well as a fuel for lamps. Standard commercial jet fuel is essentially high-quality straight-run kerosene, and many military jet fuels are blends based on kerosene. Kerosene oil poisoning is one of common presentations to emergency departments among children in rural territories of developing countries. This study aimed to define what kerosene is, list the signs and symptoms of injected kerosene, state three causes of ingested kerosene, and describe the first aid treatment of the victim with injected kerosene and state prevention measures to be included in the teaching to a community group. **[Objectives ]** 1. What is ingested poison? 2. What is kerosene? 3. List five (5) signs and symptoms if injected poison: Kerosene 4. State three (3) causes if ingested poison: kerosene 5. Describe the first aid treatment of the patient with ingested poison: Kerosene 6. State three (3) preventative measures to be included in the teaching to a community group. **[What is injected poison?]** An ingested poison is considered any substance that\'s harmful to the body when ingested, whether intentionally or unintentionally. **[What is Kerosene?]** According to the editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. Kerosene is a flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel. Kerosene is typically pale yellow or colorless and has a not-unpleasant characteristic odor. It is obtained from petroleum and is used for burning in kerosene lamps and domestic heaters or furnaces, as a fuel or fuel component for jet engines and as a solvent for greases and insecticides. A bottle of liquid on a floral patterned surface Description automatically generated **[Five Signs and symptoms of injected poison: Kerosene]** Injected poison, such as kerosene, can lead to severe symptoms and signs that require immediate medical attention such as: - Headache and lethargy - Nausea, vomiting (blood in vomit may be seen) - Bloody stools - Stomach and abdominal pain that may be cramping - Sudden reduction in blood pressure (hypotension) - Feeling dizzy or drowsy - Difficulty Breathing if kerosene enters the bloodstream, it can affect the lungs - Swelling due to inflammation and tissue damage **[Three (3) causes of ingested poison -- kerosene]** Eliminating the use of kerosene and consequently accidental kerosene ingestion. Although countries like India, usually in the rural areas are still prone to kerosene poisoning accounting for 14-60% of accidental poisoning in children. Risk factors for kerosene oil poisoning include - Unsafe storage: This occurs because of kerosene stored in juice and beverages bottles, colorful packages within reach. - Inadequate supervision and house space and lack of family support - Low socioeconomic status which leads to a possible lack of maternal education - This intake could be accidental, or in some cases intentional, to bring self-harm. **[First aid treatment of the patient with this condition]** - Call 911 or the nearest clinic, for emergency assistance. - Provide them with information such as the compound taken, quantity and time of ingestion, age, weight and general health status of affected individual. - Carefully remove the individual from the exposure area; move them to region of fresh air immediately. - Confirm that the airways are protected; also, ensure breathing and the presence of pulse. For an unresponsive victim, check the victims ABCs. - Immediately dilute It by having the victim drink at least one or two eight-ounce glasses of water or milk. (Cold milk or water tends to absorb heat better than room temperature or warmer liquids.) - If the clothes are soaked in or smell of kerosene, immediately change them and wash the involved body area thoroughly with soap and water. - Place the individual in a comfortable seated position in a well-ventilated space; try to avoid making them lie down - If the individual is unconscious, Place the victim on his or her side (recovery position). For Ingested poisoning the left -side is best since it positions the end of the stomach where it enters the small intestines (Pylorus) straight up. Gravity will delay the poisons advance into the small intestine, where absorption into the victim's circulatory system is faster, by as much as two (2) hours. The side position also helps prevents aspiration (inhalation) Into the lungs if vomiting occurs - Unless instructed by a healthcare professional, DO NOT induce vomiting in the affected individual. There is a high risk for vomit getting into the respiratory tract that may result in severe complications and lung damage. Induce vomiting with Syrup ipecac and within 30 minutes of swallowing the poison removes 30% to 50% of the poison from the stomach, which means that 50% to 70% of the poison remain in the stomach. - In case of symptoms that indicate difficulty in swallowing including vomiting or decreased alertness, do not give anything by way of mouth. - Always try to take the compound bottle/container to the ER. [ ] - Determine critical Information - Age and size of the victims? - What was swallowed (container label: save vomiting for analysis)? - How much was swallowed (e.g., a "taste ", half a bottle)? - When was it swallowed? The emergency medical health professional might perform the following steps towards treating the condition: - Monitor vital signs - Medically manage symptoms and provide breathing support, if necessary - Gastric lavage for elimination of the substance from the stomach (irrigation using special solutions) may be considered based on assessment of the doctor. - Wash eyes or skin repeatedly and thoroughly (irrigation), to eliminate any remaining compound - Surgical treatment for skin burns including removal of burnt skin - Administer fluids by an intravenous drip line **[Prevention measures to be included in a teaching plan ]** When creating a teaching plan to prevent ingestion of kerosene, consider the following prevention measures: - Provide clear and detailed information about the dangers of ingesting kerosene emphasizing its toxic effects on the body. - Teach patients about proper storage practices to keep kerosene containers securely sealed and out of reach of children. - Encourage child proofing homes by installing locks on cabinets where kerosene or other hazardous substances are stored. - Educate individuals on the signs and symptoms of kerosene poisoning, such as nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing and dizziness. - Educate patients and how to store kerosene by avoiding using beverage bottles, tumblers and how to practice safe cooking with gas instead of using kerosene. - Share statistics or case studies to illustrate the severity of ingestion incidents. - Highlight the dangers associated with kerosene ingestion, including health risks and potential fatalities. - Always following instructions for usage of any household products - Keeping any poisonous/hazardous chemicals and other materials out of children's reach - Keep all poisons correctly labeled and in suitable storage locations - Using appropriate protective wear when working with such chemicals (such as hand gloves) - Being aware of basic first aid steps in case of an emergency (such as inadvertent poisoning). **[Conclusion ]** Kerosene poisoning is a preventable cause of significant mortality and morbidity. Safe storage of kerosene in households out of reach of children, avoiding storing kerosene in cold drink and beverage bottles, community education, and provision of electricity in rural areas, and safe cooking practices by using cooking gas instead of kerosene stoves. The word poison should be written prominently on containers of kerosene receptacles. In conclusion kerosene was defined, clinical manifestations for kerosene poisoning were stated, the causes were explaining. First aid treatment for the patient with the condition was researched and elaborated into this assignment and preventative measures were delineated thoroughly. Having gleaned the importance of managing kerosene containers, educating self and others about the dangers associated with this light petroleum distillate fuel we as NA students can effectively pursue health promotion strategies to aid in combating ingestion of this fuel and thus preventing further poisoning and deterring hospitalization. **[References ]** The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica ©2024 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. [[https://www.britannica.com/technology/glass]](https://www.britannica.com/technology/glass) *Kerosene, camphor, and naphthalene poisoning in children*. (n.d.). PubMed Central (PMC). Medline plus [[https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002807.htm]](https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002807.htm) Indian J crit Care Med, December 2019 Kerosene Prevention. Dove med © 2023 *first aid treatment* [[https://www.dovemed.com/healthy-living/first-aid/first-aid-kerosene-poisoning]](https://www.dovemed.com/healthy-living/first-aid/first-aid-kerosene-poisoning) **Peer Evaluation Form for Group Work** Your Group's name \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_group 5 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Write the name of each of your group members in a separate column. For each person, indicate the extent to which you agree with the statement on the left, using a scale of 1-4 (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=agree; 4=strongly agree). Total the numbers in each column. +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Evalu | Name: | Name: | Name: | Name: | Name: | Name: | Name: | Name: | | ation | | | | | | | | | | Crite | Asher | Arlet | Akesh | Besha | Iamst | Sarit | Prici | Simec | | ria | Ash | t | ia | ra | a | a | lla | h | | | | Harry | | | | | | John | | | | | Nash | Toby | Latha | Simmo | Dougl | | | | | | | | m | ns- | as | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Foyle | | | +=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+ | Atten | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | ds | | | | | | | | | | group | | | | | | | | | | meeti | | | | | | | | | | ngs | | | | | | | | | | regul | | | | | | | | | | arly | | | | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | | | | arriv | | | | | | | | | | es | | | | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | | | | time. | | | | | | | | | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Contr | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | ibute | | | | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | meani | | | | | | | | | | ngful | | | | | | | | | | ly | | | | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | group | | | | | | | | | | discu | | | | | | | | | | ssion | | | | | | | | | | s. | | | | | | | | | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Assis | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | t | | | | | | | | | | with | | | | | | | | | | compl | | | | | | | | | | eting | | | | | | | | | | group | | | | | | | | | | assig | | | | | | | | | | nment | | | | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | on | | | | | | | | | | time. | | | | | | | | | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Prepa | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | res | | | | | | | | | | work | | | | | | | | | | in a | | | | | | | | | | quali | | | | | | | | | | ty | | | | | | | | | | manne | | | | | | | | | | r. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Demon | | | | | | | | | | strat | | | | | | | | | | es | | | | | | | | | | a | | | | | | | | | | coope | | | | | | | | | | rativ | | | | | | | | | | e | | | | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | | | | suppo | | | | | | | | | | rtive | | | | | | | | | | attit | | | | | | | | | | ude. | | | | | | | | | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Contr | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | ibute | | | | | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | signi | | | | | | | | | | fican | | | | | | | | | | tly | | | | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | | | | succe | | | | | | | | | | ss | | | | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | | | | assig | | | | | | | | | | nment | | | | | | | | | |. | | | | | | | | | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | TOTAL | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+