Gov Study Guide PDF

2nd Half of the Unit 3 Test Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbqpoq 1. what are the Open, closed, blanket, and mixed/semi types of pri- maries? 2. what is an open a primary election in which voters are not required to primary? dec...

2nd Half of the Unit 3 Test Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbqpoq 1. what are the Open, closed, blanket, and mixed/semi types of pri- maries? 2. what is an open a primary election in which voters are not required to primary? declare party affiliation. 3. what is a closed an election in which voters can participate in the nomina- primary? tion of candidates, but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to Election Day 4. what is a blanket Qualified voters can vote for any candidate, regardless of primary? party, can result in a runoff election if there is not majority 5. what is a registered voters must vote in their own Party primary, but semi/mixed pri- unaffiliated voters can pick mary? 6. what is a cau- A meeting of party members, where they discuss and vote cus? on which candidate they want to support for the election. Generally more interactive then a primary. 7. What is hard money given directly to candidates money? 8. What is soft mon- unregulated campaign money that goes to the party ey? 9. What is an inde- Money individuals and organizations spend to promote a pendent expendi- candidate without working or communicating directly with ture? the candidate's campaign organization. 10. What is a direct You vote directly for the person you want to see in the election? position. Open primaries is an example. 11. What is an indi- a process in which voters in an election do not actually rect election? choose between candidates for an office but rather elect persons who will then make the choice. An example is the presidential election where people vote for electors, and then the electoral college votes on our behalf. 1/6  2nd Half of the Unit 3 Test Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbqpoq 12. What is a swing a US state where the two major political parties have state? similar levels of support among voters. 13. What is are 2 Pennsylvania and Ohio examples of a swing state? 14. What are safe States that have a long history of voting for a particular states? party 15. What are 2 ex- Maryland - Democratic amples of a safe Alabama - Republican state? 16. What is front- tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar loading? to capitalize on media attention 17. What is super a day on which several US states hold primary elections. tuesday? 18. What is gerry- The manipulation of the redistricting boundaries process mandering? for political gain 19. How does ger- politicians can manipulate the lines of the districts to en- rymandering ef- sure that their seat is safe. It is a way for politicians to fect political sys- choose their voters to keep the power on their side. tems? 20. What does the administers all federal law dealing with campaign finance FEC do? 21. What regulations They enforce FECA, which limits the amount of money does the FEC individuals and political organizations can give to a can- have in regards didate running for federal office. to elections? 22. What does the Regulates the radio and TV industry FCC do? 2/6  2nd Half of the Unit 3 Test Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbqpoq 23. What regulations No noncommercial educational broadcasting station may does the FCC support or oppose any candidate for public office. have in regards to elections? 24. what is the sin- A single member district, also called a "winner takes all" gle member dis- system, is one where a district only has one representative trict system? who is chosen by simple majority. 25. what is propor- an electoral system in which parties gain seats in propor- tional represen- tion to the number of votes cast for them. tation? 26. How does media The media is seen as the "fourth estate" because the coverage affect media can shape the actions of the public. They can act government? as linkage institutions, and they can sway your views and opinions through what they push out. 27. How does media The media can influence the perceptions that the public coverage affect has of the candidates. It can increase voter engagement the electorate? and efficacy. 28. How does me- Media coverage can impact the way that the public views dia coverage af- the candidates and issues. Media campaigning can sup- fect elections? port or attack candidates, changing the way people per- ceive them. This can impact the way people vote, and the engagement they have in election activities. 29. What are the printing -> electronic -> radio -> TV -> new media changes in types of media that have been made throughout the years? 30. what are some targeted social media ads, grassroots mobilization efforts, modern cam- and tailoring messages to resonate with specific groups. paign tactics? 31. 3/6  2nd Half of the Unit 3 Test Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbqpoq What is the func- the general election in a congressional election is to de- tion of a general cide which candidates will fill the seats in congress. election in a con- gressional elec- tion? 32. What is the func- the general election in a presidential election is to deter- tion of a gener- mine who will become the president and vice president of al election in a the united states. presidential elec- tion? 33. What is the func- The primary or caucus election in a congressional election tion of primary is to decide which candidates will represent each political or caucus elec- party in the general election. tion in a congres- sional election? 34. What is the func- The primary or caucus election in a presidential election tion of a primary determines the delegates who will support a specific can- or caucus elec- didate at the party's national convention. tion in a presi- dential election? 35. What is the elec- a body of people representing the states of the US, who toral college? formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president. 36. What are the pros equal representation, gives small states more power to the electoral college? 37. What are the Popular vote doesn't always win cons to the elec- toral college? 38. What are some -proportional representation suggestions to -NPVIC (whoever wins national popular vote wins the change the elec- position) toral college? 4/6  2nd Half of the Unit 3 Test Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbqpoq -District based (electoral votes awarded based on dis- tricts) 39. What is cam- Candidates rely on donations to pay for campaigns paign finance? 40. What does a PAC Committee that raises money to elect or defeat candidates do? (combine resources from a lot of people to make big donations). 41. What does a Su- Cannot go directly to candidates. It is a committee that per PAC do? raises unlimited amounts of money to donate. 42. What is the The distinct advantage that people who already hold office incumbency ad- have over their challengers vantage? 43. What are special when elections are held at an unconventional time (some- elections? one dies, resigns, etc.) also, someone could hold a position of office and run for another position without sacrificing their old (current) position. 44. What are run off if no one wins a majority of the votes for congress, another elections? election is held between only the top two vote getters 45. What are recall a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official elections? from office through a direct vote before their term has ended 46. What is initia- A law that begins with a petition of signatures and moves tive? to a popular vote 47. What is a referen- a vote on the initiative dum? 48. What did BCRA Happened in 2002; it increased the amount of hard money do? that could be donated to a candidate, but made clear provisions to the amount of soft money that could be given. 5/6  2nd Half of the Unit 3 Test Study Guide Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbqpoq 49. What is An IRS approved non-profit company 501(c)(3)? 50. What is An IRS approved non-profit company 501(c)(4)? 51. What are 527 nonprofit independent groups that receive and disburse committees? funds to influence elections 52. What are the Citizens United filed a request for an injunction against the facts to the Cit- FEC in the District of Columbia to prevent the application izens United vs. of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) to its film FEC case? Hillary: The Movie. The movie expressed opinions about Senator Hillary Clinton's preparedness as president.As part of its efforts to regulate "big money" campaign contri- butions, the BCRA places restrictions on "electioneering communications." BCRA prohibits businesses and labor groups from financing such communications with their general treasuries. It also mandates that donors report such communications and include a disclaimer if the mes- sage is not authorized by the candidate they wish to sup- port. 53. What is the con- Does BCRA violate the first amendment right to freedom stitutional ques- of speech? tion to the Cit- izens United vs. FEC case? 54. Decision of Cit- They decided on behalf of Citizens United, that limitations izens United vs. on corporations are not much different from government FEC case? censorship toward individuals. 6/6