GLUTEAL_REGION,_POSTERIOR_COMPARTMENT_OF_THE_THIGH_&_POPLITEAL_FOSSA.pdf

GLUTEAL REGION : Mainly extension & abduction Supf. & lateral rotation Dee. thigh. Contain 2 group of the muscle : A) superficial muscles : 3 Muscles - Maximus - Medius - Minimus Muscles. of the B) Deep muscle : 5 Muscles - Piriformis - Obturatorius internus - Gemellus sup. Gemellus Inf - Quad...

GLUTEAL REGION : Mainly extension & abduction Supf. & lateral rotation Dee. thigh. Contain 2 group of the muscle : A) superficial muscles : 3 Muscles - Maximus - Medius - Minimus Muscles. of the B) Deep muscle : 5 Muscles - Piriformis - Obturatorius internus - Gemellus sup. Gemellus Inf - Quadratus femoris Muscles. A) Superficial Muscles : 1. Gluteus Maximus Muscle : Origin: Area of ilium located posterior to its posterior gluteal line, posterior aspects of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament. Insertion: iliotibial tract→lateral condyle of tibia, gluteal tuberosity of femur. TUS QES Action: Extends, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh at hip joint. Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2). 2. Gluteus Medius Muscle : Origin: Area of ilium located between anterior and posterior gluteal lines. G Mebius. Insertion: Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur. TUS QES Action: Medially rotates and abducts thigh at hip joint & pulls the pelvis towards leg on the floor during walking. TUS Qes. g Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1). 3. Gluteus Minimus Muscle : Origin : ileum, between linea glutealis ant. & inf. Insertion : anterior surface of throchanter major. TUS QES Action : Abduct & medially rotate thigh, steady pelvis Innervation : N. gluteus superior trockanter · Mayor Note. TUS QES : gluteus maximum muscle its only the region which doesn’t attach to trochanter major of femor in this superficial region.. Maximus B. Deep Muscles : 1. Piriformis Muscle : origins : ant. Surface of sacrum & sacrotuberous lig. Insertion : Border of greater trochanter. TUS QES Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh, abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum. Innervation : branches from ventral rami of S1 & S2 spinal nerve. Note TUS QES : Which of the following lateral rotator of the thigh passes through greater sciatic foramen? 2. Obturator Internus Muscle : -Origin: Internal surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bones. -Insertion: Medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur. -Action: Laterally rotates and transversely abducts thigh at hip joint. -Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1). Note : it pass through lesser sciatic foreman. ages 3. Quadratus Femoris Muscle : Origin: Lateral margin of ischial tuberosity. Insertion: Quadrate tubercle of femur. Action: Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint. Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1). Note Tus QES : which of the following is most strong lateral rotator region of the thigh ? —-> QF Muscle. 4. Gemellus sup. & inf. Muscles : Origins: sup→ spina ischiadica, inf. → tuber ischiadicum Insertion : medial surface of greater trochanter. g Action : Laterally rotate extended thigh, abduct flexed thigh, steady. Sup.. infr 9 femoral head in acetabulum Innervation: sup→ nerve to obturatorius internus; inf.→ nerve to quadratus femoris. 5. Obturatorius Externus Muscles : Different from others: Located on the anterior side. Origin: outer surface obturatory membrane & surrounding bones as ~ Insertion : Attach to fossa trochanterica (not trochanter major). Action : Adducts & laterally rotates the thigh Innervation: n. obturatorius (comes from lumbal pl. Not from sacral plexus. ostuatorexter muc de Nerves : 3 Bursa in gluteal region→ Ischial bursitis, trochanteric bursitis ; deep pain Posterior Compartment Of The Thigh : Origins from ischial tuberosity. insertion below the knee into tibia & fibula. action : Extensor of hip & flexor of the knee. When knee flexed biceps muscle rotate laterally. While others 2 muscles rotate medially. innervate by sciatic nerve. no major axial vessels. Has 3 Muscles : Long head of biceps femoris semitendinous- semimembranosus Muscles. Fascia lata : Its upper end is attached to the pelvis, thinner fascia covering of gluteus maximus muscle and inguinal ligament Its lower end is attached to the patella and tibial condyles anteriorly, extends into popliteal fossa and calf posteriorly. 1. Biceps Femoris Muscles : Has 3 heads : long & short Origins : long head —> ischial tuberosity. Short head —> lateral lip of linea aspera. insertion : lateral condyleof tibia & head of fibula. 2. Semitendinosus Muscle : Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: upper part of medial surfaces of tibia. Semitendinosus insert onto the anteromedial surface of the tibia together with sartorius and gracilis. The conjoined tendons of three muscles called Pes anserinus ("goose foot"). Ves 3. Semimembranosus Muscle : Origins: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: upper part of the medial condyle of tibia. its form lig. Politeum obliquum. TUS Qes : which of the following form the ,,,,,,,,,,? NERVES : —main nerve of Post. Comp. is Sciatic nerve branched from sacral plexus of venral rami of L4 - S3. Largest nerve in the body. It leaves the pelvis from greater sciatic foramen, enters the gluteal region inferior to the piriformis muscle. TUS QES Usually supplies no structures in the gluteal region. Superficially covered by long head of biceps femoris, it appears at the apex of popliteal fossa where divided into tibial (n. tibialis) and common fibular (peroneal) nerves (n. fibularis communis). Tibial nerve innervates long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus & semimembranosus, while common fibular (peroneal) innervates the short head of biceps femoris muscle. TUS QES Blood supply of structures in the posterior compartment is obtained from: 1. Inferior gluteal artery. 2. Perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery. TusQe Popliteal Fossa : lies posterior to distal femur, knee joint & proximal part of tibia. All important nerves & vessels pass through the from thigh to leg. Borders : Semimembranosus & Semitendinosus —> Superior medially. Biceps femoris —> Superior laterally. Medial gasterocnemius —> Inferior medially. Lateral gasterocnemius. —> Inferior laterally. Floor : Popliteal surface of femur Oblique popliteal ligament Popliteus muscle Roof : Deep popliteal fascia : small saphenous vein. Posterior cutaneous nerve. usyes Form the floor of the popliteal fossa CONTENTS: 1. Popliteal artery. 2. Popliteal vein. 3. Tibial nerve. 4. Common fibular (peroneal) nerve. Tibial nerve : Supply soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus muscles as well as the knee joint Gives of medial sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneous surae medialis). s / Common fibular (peroneal) nerve : Found beneath the lateral border of the fossa. It follows the biceps femoris towards the head of fibula. Gives of lateral sural cutaneous nerve.