Reproductive System Glossary PDF

Republic of the Philippines DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion Glossary alveoli (of the breast) milk-secreting cells in the mammary gland ampulla (of the uter...

Republic of the Philippines DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion Glossary alveoli (of the breast) milk-secreting cells in the mammary gland ampulla (of the uterine tube) middle portion of the uterine tube in which fertilization often occurs areola highly pigmented, circular area surrounding the raised nipple and containing areolar glands that secrete fluid important for lubrication during suckling Bartholin’s glands (also, greater vestibular glands) glands that produce a thick mucus that maintains moisture in the vulva area; also referred to as the greater vestibular glands body of uterus middle section of the uterus broad ligament wide ligament that supports the uterus by attaching laterally to both sides of the uterus and pelvic wall bulbourethral glands (also, Cowper’s glands) glands that secrete a lubricating mucus that cleans and lubricates the urethra prior to and during ejaculation cervix elongate inferior end of the uterus where it connects to the vagina clitoris (also, glans clitoris) nerve-rich area of the vulva that contributes to sexual sensation during intercourse corpus albicans nonfunctional structure remaining in the ovarian stroma following structural and functional regression of the corpus luteum corpus cavernosum either of two columns of erectile tissue in the penis that fill with blood during an erection corpus luteum transformed follicle after ovulation that secretes progesterone corpus spongiosum (plural = corpora cavernosa) column of erectile tissue in the penis that fills with blood during an erection and surrounds the penile urethra on the ventral portion of the penis ductus deferens (also, vas deferens) duct that transports sperm from the epididymis through the spermatic cord and into the ejaculatory duct; also referred as the vas deferens ejaculatory duct duct that connects the ampulla of the ductus deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle at the prostatic urethra endometrium inner lining of the uterus, part of which builds up during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and then sheds with menses Estrogen A hormone that is primary for women. It causes the uterine wall to thicken monthly, helping spur ovulation. There are different forms of estrogen hormones. The main form is called Estradiol. epididymis (plural = epididymides) coiled tubular structure in which sperm start to mature and are stored until ejaculation Davao Oriental State University website: www.dorsu.edu.ph Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195 Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: [email protected] Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial  Republic of the Philippines DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion fimbriae fingerlike projections on the distal uterine tubes follicle ovarian structure of one oocyte and surrounding granulosa (and later theca) cells Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) A hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the growth of the follicle. The hormone is used in medical treatments, contained in injectable ovulation drugs to help spur growth of the follicles. folliculogenesis development of ovarian follicles from primordial to tertiary under the stimulation of gonadotropins fundus (of the uterus) domed portion of the uterus that is superior to the uterine tubes gamete haploid reproductive cell that contributes genetic material to form an offspring glans penis bulbous end of the penis that contains a large number of nerve endings gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) hormone released by the hypothalamus that regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland gonads reproductive organs (testes in men and ovaries in women) that produce gametes and reproductive hormones granulosa cells supportive cells in the ovarian follicle that produce estrogen hymen membrane that covers part of the opening of the vagina infundibulum (of the uterine tube) wide, distal portion of the uterine tube terminating in fimbriae inguinal canal opening in abdominal wall that connects the testes to the abdominal cavity isthmus narrow, medial portion of the uterine tube that joins the uterus labia majora hair-covered folds of skin located behind the mons pubis labia minora thin, pigmented, hairless flaps of skin located medial and deep to the labia majora lactiferous ducts ducts that connect the mammary glands to the nipple and allow for the transport of milk lactiferous sinus area of milk collection between alveoli and lactiferous duct Leydig cells cells between the seminiferous tubules of the testes that produce testosterone; a type of interstitial cell mammary glands glands inside the breast that secrete milk menarche first menstruation in a pubertal female menses shedding of the inner portion of the endometrium out though the vagina; also referred to as menstruation Davao Oriental State University website: www.dorsu.edu.ph Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195 Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: [email protected] Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial  Republic of the Philippines DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion menses phase phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrial lining is shed menstrual cycle approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the uterus consisting of a menses phase, a proliferative phase, and a secretory phase mons pubis mound of fatty tissue located at the front of the vulva Müllerian duct duct system present in the embryo that will eventually form the internal female reproductive structures myometrium smooth muscle layer of uterus that allows for uterine contractions during labor and expulsion of menstrual blood oocyte cell that results from the division of the oogonium and undergoes meiosis I at the LH surge and meiosis II at fertilization to become a haploid ovum oogenesis process by which oogonia divide by mitosis to primary oocytes, which undergo meiosis to produce the secondary oocyte and, upon fertilization, the ovum oogonia ovarian stem cells that undergo mitosis during female fetal development to form primary oocytes ovarian cycle approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the ovary consisting of a follicular phase and a luteal phase ovaries female gonads that produce oocytes and sex steroid hormones (notably estrogen and progesterone) ovulation release of a secondary oocyte and associated granulosa cells from an ovary ovum haploid female gamete resulting from completion of meiosis II at fertilization penis male organ of copulation perimetrium outer epithelial layer of uterine wall prepuce (also, foreskin) flap of skin that forms a collar around, and thus protects and lubricates, the glans penis; also referred as the foreskin primary follicles ovarian follicles with a primary oocyte and one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells primordial follicles least developed ovarian follicles that consist of a single oocyte and a single layer of flat (squamous) granulosa cells Progesterone A hormone that helps prepare the lining of the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg. It is present during the second half of the menstrual cycle. proliferative phase phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium proliferates prostate gland doughnut-shaped gland at the base of the bladder surrounding the urethra and contributing fluid to semen during ejaculation Davao Oriental State University website: www.dorsu.edu.ph Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195 Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: [email protected] Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial  Republic of the Philippines DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion puberty life stage during which a male or female adolescent becomes anatomically and physiologically capable of reproduction rugae (of the vagina) folds of skin in the vagina that allow it to stretch during intercourse and childbirth scrotum external pouch of skin and muscle that houses the testes secondary follicles ovarian follicles with a primary oocyte and multiple layers of granulosa cells secondary sex characteristics physical characteristics that are influenced by sex steroid hormones and have supporting roles in reproductive function secretory phase phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium secretes a nutrient-rich fluid in preparation for implantation of an embryo semen ejaculatory fluid composed of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands seminal vesicle gland that produces seminal fluid, which contributes to semen seminiferous tubules tube structures within the testes where spermatogenesis occurs Sertoli cells cells that support germ cells through the process of spermatogenesis; a type of sustentacular cell sperm (also, spermatozoon) male gamete spermatic cord bundle of nerves and blood vessels that supplies the testes; contains ductus deferens spermatid immature sperm cells produced by meiosis II of secondary spermatocytes spermatocyte cell that results from the division of spermatogonium and undergoes meiosis I and meiosis II to form spermatids spermatogenesis formation of new sperm, occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes spermatogonia (singular = spermatogonium) diploid precursor cells that become sperm spermiogenesis transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa during spermatogenesis suspensory ligaments bands of connective tissue that suspend the breast onto the chest wall by attachment to the overlying dermis tertiary follicles (also, antral follicles) ovarian follicles with a primary or secondary oocyte, multiple layers of granulosa cells, and a fully formed antrum testes (singular = testis) male gonads Davao Oriental State University website: www.dorsu.edu.ph Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195 Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: [email protected] Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial  Republic of the Philippines DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY A university of excellence, innovation, and inclusion theca cells estrogen-producing cells in a maturing ovarian follicle uterine tubes (also, fallopian tubes or oviducts) ducts that facilitate transport of an ovulated oocyte to the uterus uterus muscular hollow organ in which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus vagina tunnel-like organ that provides access to the uterus for the insertion of semen and from the uterus for the birth of a baby vulva external female genitalia Wolffian duct duct system present in the embryo that will eventually form the internal male reproductive structures Davao Oriental State University website: www.dorsu.edu.ph Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, phone: +63 (087) 3883 195 Davao Oriental, 8200 e-mail: [email protected] Republic of the Philippines Facebook: @dorsuofficial