GKTODAY Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024

Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 This is a dynamic PDF E-book by GKToday. The latest version of this book can be downloaded from this link. Disclaimer: The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the information in this E-book is correct. However, GKToday does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. This document is a property of GKToday. Reselling and Redistribution or Duplication is strictly prohibited. Published by: https://www.gktoday.in/ebooks/ | © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Contents..................................................................................................... August 1, 2024...................................................................................................................................................... 3 NSDC Launches Women Entrepreneurship Program to Empower Women................................... 3 46th session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC) - Recent Updates..................................... 3 Tree Cover Increase Threatens Grassland Bird Populations............................................................... 4 Cyber Crime Prevention Against Women and Children (CCPWC) Initiative.................................. 5 India and China Hold 30th Round of Border Issues............................................................................. 6 National Apprenticeship and Training Scheme (NATS) 2.0 Portal.................................................. 6 International Conference of Agricultural Economists........................................................................... 7 India Elected Vice-Chair Of IPEF Supply Chain Council...................................................................... 8 Who is Preeti Sudan, the New Chairperson of UPSC?......................................................................... 9 August 2, 2024.................................................................................................................................................... 10 KIIT University Granted UN ECOSOC Special Consultative Status................................................ 10 ADB Loans $200 Million for India's Waste Management Improvement....................................... 10 NCERT Proposes 10 Bagless Days for School Students 6 - 8........................................................... 11 What is the Karnataka MUDA scam?..................................................................................................... 12 New Bent-Toed Gecko Species Discovered in Northeast India....................................................... 13 Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak 2024.......................................................................................................... 14 Tarang Shakti-2024................................................................................................................................... 14 India Retains Eighth Position in Global Agricultural Exports............................................................. 15 August 3, 2024.................................................................................................................................................... 16 Saturn Ejects Comet A117uUD into Interstellar Space....................................................................... 16 Cabinet Approves Eight High-Speed Road Corridor Projects........................................................... 17 NIT-Calicut Launches Innovative Web Portal ‘Nivahika’................................................................... 18 What is CAR-T cell therapy? - Current Updates (August, 2024)................................................... 19 India Shortlists Astronauts For Axiom-4 ISS Mission........................................................................ 20 Madras High Court Declares Section 77-A Unconstitutional.......................................................... 20 India Host 3rd Edition of Global South Summit.................................................................................. 21 August 5, 2024................................................................................................................................................... 22 Turkey Blocks Instagram Access Amid Ongoing Political Tensions............................................... 22 What is Legionnaires' Disease?................................................................................................................ 23 14th India-Vietnam Defence Policy Dialogue....................................................................................... 24 Role of Artiﬁcial Intelligence in Education............................................................................................ 24 What is B-Ready Index?............................................................................................................................. 25 Cities Set to Launch Rs 5,000 Crore AMRUT 2.0 Projects............................................................. 26 India-Indonesia Business Chamber Relaunches in Jakarta Ceremony............................................ 27 Indian Air Force Approves Production of Astra Mark 1 Missiles.................................................... 28 Jharkhand's Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana - Recent Updates.......................................... 29 August 6, 2024................................................................................................................................................... 30 Goa Assembly Bill Introduced for Scheduled Tribe Reservation..................................................... 30 Unprecedented Glacier Retreat Observed Across The Andes.......................................................... 30 Parliament Introduces Bill for Oil and Gas Policy Stability................................................................. 31 Maharashtra Approves Prisons and Correctional Services Bill......................................................... 32 What is the 'yen carry trade’?................................................................................................................... 33 Lok Sabha Passes Appropriation Bill for Financial Year 2024-25................................................... 33 What is Waqf Act?...................................................................................................................................... 34 © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 2 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Bangladesh's Leadership Transition Poses Risks to India Relations................................................. 35 Haryana Becomes First State to Procure All Crops at MSP............................................................. 36 August 7, 2024................................................................................................................................................... 37 What is e-Sankhyiki Portal?...................................................................................................................... 37 President Droupadi Murmu Conferred “Companion of the Order of Fiji”................................... 38 Who is Noah Lyles, won the greatest ever Olympic 100m Race in Paris?.................................... 38 Government Declares New Peacock Sanctuaries in Karnataka, Kerala......................................... 39 5th ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement Joint Committee held in Jakarta......................... 40 Uttar Pradesh Assembly Passes Stricter Anti-Conversion Law......................................................... 41 Who is Muhammad Yunus, Chief Adviser to Bangladesh Interim Government?........................ 42 Boilers Bill 2024......................................................................................................................................... 42 India Conducts Large-Scale Military Exercise in Eastern Ladakh.................................................... 43 India to Host First BIMSTEC Business Summit in 2024.................................................................. 44 August 8, 2024................................................................................................................................................... 45 What is the Upasthiti Portal?.................................................................................................................... 45 Broadcast Services Bill 2024.................................................................................................................... 45 Australia Adds 13 Species to Threatened List Amid Crisis............................................................... 46 PM-KUSUM scheme - Recent Updates................................................................................................. 47 Vinesh Phogat Disqualiﬁed Over Weight Issues Before Match........................................................ 48 New Plant Species Ceropegia Shivrayiana Discovered at Vishalgad............................................... 49 Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar Awards 2024............................................................................................. 49 Nagaland Becomes First State to Implement Disaster Insurance..................................................... 51 August 9, 2024................................................................................................................................................... 52 Waqf Board Amendment Bill 2024........................................................................................................ 52 Great Barrier Reef Faces Record Temperatures, Urgent Threats.................................................... 53 Neeraj Chopra Wins Silver in Javelin at Paris 2024 Olympics......................................................... 54 Study Reveals India's Districts Facing Extreme Weather Crisis........................................................ 55 IIT Guwahati Develops ML Framework LEAP for IC Design Efﬁciency....................................... 56 India Men's Hockey Team Wins Bronze at Paris 2024..................................................................... 57 Indian Army Conducts 'Parvat Prahaar' Military Exercise in Ladakh.............................................. 58 Maharashtra Cabinet Approves Logistics Policy 2024....................................................................... 59 India's First Grain ATM Launched in Odisha...................................................................................... 60 August 10, 2024.................................................................................................................................................. 61 India Plans LLP Act Changes to Boost Domestic Audit Firms.......................................................... 61 US to Release $3.5 Billion Military Aid to Israel.................................................................................. 62 India Names Three Underwater Structures in Indian Ocean........................................................... 63 Cabinet Approves Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban 2.0............................................................ 64 Chhattisgarh Establishes Third Largest Tiger Reserve Amid Decline............................................. 65 Banking Laws Amendment Bill 2024.................................................................................................... 66 Africa Faces Urgent Mpox Outbreak, WHO Holds Emergency Meeting...................................... 67 Union Cabinet Approves ₹24,657 Crore Railway Projects for Connectivity................................. 68 Aman Sehrawat Wins Bronze in 57kg Wrestling at Paris 2024..................................................... 69 August 12, 2024................................................................................................................................................. 70 Kagame Sworn In for Fourth Term as Rwandan President............................................................. 70 U.S. Deploys Submarine Amid Escalating Tensions in Middle East................................................. 71 August 12: International Youth Day....................................................................................................... 72 IIT Indore Unveils Advanced Shoes with TENG Technology.......................................................... 73 © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 3 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 NASA Captures Stunning Earth Terminator from ISS...................................................................... 73 JUICE Mission Sets to Break Records with Lunar-Earth Flyby........................................................ 75 Great Barrier Reef Sees Warmest Waters in 400 Years.................................................................... 75 Exercise Udara Shakti 2024..................................................................................................................... 76 IIT Gandhinagar & IIT Indore Launches cNARMADA..................................................................... 77 August 13, 2024................................................................................................................................................. 78 CSIR-NPL Launches Certiﬁcation Process for Continuous Emission Monitoring....................... 78 German Scientists Discover Plastic-Eating Fungi for Waste Reduction......................................... 79 Government to include AYUSH in Ayushman Bharat scheme........................................................ 80 What is Alberta Advantage Immigration Program?............................................................................ 81 India Completes Paris Olympics 2024 With Six Medals.................................................................... 82 Shah Rukh Khan Honored at 77th Locarno Film Festival................................................................ 83 Neelakurinji Added to IUCN Red List as Vulnerable Species........................................................... 84 Vinay Mohan Kwatra Becomes Indian Ambassador to the US........................................................ 85 IIT-Hyderabad Ranked 12th in NIRF 2024......................................................................................... 86 August 14, 2024................................................................................................................................................. 86 IISc Bengaluru Dominates NIRF 2024 University Category............................................................ 86 NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) - Recent Updates............................................... 88 What is Dynamic Reference Rate?.......................................................................................................... 89 DRDO Successfully Tests Long-Range Glide Bomb 'Gaurav'......................................................... 90 Bengaluru Researchers Discover Three New Edible Bug Species.................................................... 91 Maharashtra Protects Ancient Ratnagiri Geoglyphs and Petroglyphs............................................. 92 India-Australia Hold Maritime Security Dialogue............................................................................... 93 World's Oldest Calendar Discovered...................................................................................................... 95 India and Israel Launch New Water Technology Centre at IIT-Madras....................................... 95 August 16, 2024................................................................................................................................................. 96 WHO Declares Mpox a Global Public Health Emergency................................................................ 96 Astronomers Develop New Method to Predict Solar Cycle Amplitude......................................... 97 What is Human Parvovirus B19?............................................................................................................ 98 Maharashtra Launches ₹1,500 Monthly Aid for Eligible Women.................................................... 99 New Blood Test Detects Alzheimer's with 90% Accuracy............................................................ 100 What are Prokaryotes?............................................................................................................................. 101 New Zealand Proposes Legislation to Modernize Gene Technology Laws................................. 102 India Adds Three New Wetlands to Its Ramsar List......................................................................... 103 India Set to Launch Electric Microcar "Robin" in 2025................................................................... 104 August 17, 2024............................................................................................................................................... 105 ISRO Launched SSLV-D3-EOS-08....................................................................................................... 105 Central India Forests Face High Fire Risk, Study Warns................................................................. 106 Sweden Reports First Case of mpox Strain outside Africa.............................................................. 108 Croatia Reintroduces Compulsory Military Service.......................................................................... 108 Union Cabinet Approves Three Major Metro Projects in India..................................................... 109 Kerala University Develops Innovative Cyanide Sensor for Enhanced Safety.............................. 110 U.S. Navy Deploys Long-Range Missiles to Counter China.............................................................. 111 New Orchid Species Discovered in Sikkim.......................................................................................... 112 Who is Paetongtarn Shinawatra, the Youngest Prime Minister of Thailand?............................... 113 August 19, 2024................................................................................................................................................ 114 Government Finalizes Tender for 1,000 GPUs Under IndiaAI Mission........................................ 114 © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 4 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Scientists Sequence Largest Animal Genome in Lungﬁsh Study..................................................... 115 India, Sri Lanka Deploy K9s in Exercise Mitra Shakti....................................................................... 116 Germany Joins 18th Member State of United Nations Command in South Korea.................... 117 PM Modi to address Third Voice of Global South Summit............................................................. 119 What is Krishi-DSS Digital Geospatial Platform?.............................................................................. 120 17th Divya Kala Mela in Raipur............................................................................................................. 120 August 20, 2024................................................................................................................................................ 121 Super Blue Moon....................................................................................................................................... 121 India Amends Power Export Rules Amid Bangladesh Electricity Supply Concerns................... 122 Liquid Water Found Deep in Mars' Crust, Study Reveals................................................................ 123 Karnataka Leads Nation with 5,765 Public EV Charging Stations................................................ 124 India Tags Horseshoe Crabs for Conservation Efforts..................................................................... 125 AIM Invites Applications for Australia-India Agritech Program..................................................... 125 Former Army Chief General Sundararajan Padmanabhan Dies at 83.......................................... 126 Maharashtra Launches First Solar Village............................................................................................ 127 August 21, 2024................................................................................................................................................ 128 Biomedical Researcher Leonard Hayﬂick Dies at 98........................................................................ 128 Dhangars Demand Grazing Corridors in Maharashtra.................................................................... 129 China Equips Amphibious Assault Ship With Laser Weapon.......................................................... 129 India-Japan 2+2 Summit.......................................................................................................................... 131 What is Green Ammonia Scheme?........................................................................................................ 131 Himachal Pradesh Launches Nutritious Scheme for Schoolchildren............................................. 132 Who is M Suresh, Appointed as Interim Chairman of the Airports Authority of India?.......... 133 Amul - World's Strongest Food Brand in 2024................................................................................ 134 First Policy Makers’ Forum’ Summit.................................................................................................... 135 Delhi Airport Achieve 'Net Zero Carbon Emission Airport' status................................................ 135 Kerala Launches KITE GNU Linux 22.04 For Schools.................................................................... 136 August 22, 2024............................................................................................................................................... 137 CCI Raises Concerns Over $8.5 Billion Reliance-Disney Merger.................................................. 137 £2.7 Million Grants Announced for Type 1 Diabetes Research..................................................... 138 Study Predicts 49% Increase in Global Flooding by 2100.............................................................. 139 Researchers Develop Miniature CRISPR Tool for Plant Genome Editing................................... 140 Invasive Lantana Camara Threatens Delhi’s Ecological Balance.................................................... 140 Sri Lanka Grants Visa-Free Access to 35 Countries.......................................................................... 141 India, EU Prepare for Conference on Online Radicalization............................................................ 142 Jay Shah Set to Become ICC Chairman............................................................................................... 143 RGIA Wins Best Airport Award for Third Consecutive Year......................................................... 144 Ulchi Freedom Shield 24 Exercise......................................................................................................... 145 August 23, 2024............................................................................................................................................... 146 India Surpasses China As Top Importer of Russian Oil................................................................... 146 Unemployed Adults in India Face Higher Heart Disease Risk........................................................ 146 Astronomers Launch Black Hole Finder App for Citizens Worldwide......................................... 147 Madeira Wildﬁres Devastate 5,000 Hectares, Tourists Stranded.................................................. 148 Antarctica's Ice Collapse Risk Lower than Previously thought....................................................... 149 Jackson Hole Symposium 2024............................................................................................................ 149 Non-Native Species Threaten Antarctic Marine Ecosystems.......................................................... 150 Astronomers Discover New Method to Study Solar Magnetic Fields........................................... 151 © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 5 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Sanjeev Raina Appointed ITBP Additional Director General.......................................................... 152 India-US Discuss Energy Cooperation in High-Level Meeting....................................................... 153 August 24, 2024............................................................................................................................................... 154 Polaris Dawn Aims for Historic Non-Government Spacewalk...................................................... 154 ACT Urges Sikkim to Decommission Controversial Dams After Landslide................................ 155 First Recorded Sightings of Mithun Bovine in Assam...................................................................... 156 FSSAI Bans Misleading A1 and A2 Labels on Dairy Products........................................................ 157 India Celebrates First National Space Day on August 23................................................................ 158 US Approves $52.8 Million Sonobuoy Sale to India......................................................................... 159 India, Ukraine Sign Agreements to Strengthen Bilateral Ties........................................................ 160 India to Host First World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit................................................. 160 Microplastics Found In Human Brains Raise Alarm Among Scientists......................................... 161 India-Denmark Launch Smart Laboratory for Clean Rivers Initiative........................................... 162 August 26, 2024............................................................................................................................................... 163 1835 Moon Hoax...................................................................................................................................... 163 India, and Indonesia Condemn Cross-Border Terrorism From Pakistan.................................... 164 IISER Pune Developed CsPbBr3............................................................................................................ 164 Union Cabinet Approves BioE3 Biomanufacturing Policy............................................................... 166 Nagpur Researchers Discover New Plant Species in Ambagad..................................................... 167 What is Jan Aushadhi Scheme?............................................................................................................. 167 INS Mumbai to Make Maiden Visit to Colombo.............................................................................. 168 IIM Bangalore Launches India's First Global Centre for PEVC...................................................... 169 Mission Rhumi 2024............................................................................................................................... 170 Union Cabinet Approves Uniﬁed Pension Scheme for Employees................................................. 171 August 27, 2024............................................................................................................................................... 172 Union Cabinet Approves 'Vigyan Dhara' Science Schemes............................................................. 172 FSSAI Withdraws Advisory on A1, A2 Milk Claims.......................................................................... 173 New Study Urges Better Protection for Sunda Clouded Leopards............................................... 174 Australia Records Historic Winter Temperature of 41.6°C............................................................. 175 What is Solar Paraboloid Technology?................................................................................................ 176 Who is Pavel Durov, CEO of Telegram, Arrested in France?........................................................ 177 Philippines Accuses China of Aggressive Actions in South China Sea......................................... 178 RBI Announces Future Launch of Uniﬁed Lending Interface (ULI).............................................. 179 August 28, 2024.............................................................................................................................................. 180 Himachal Govt to allocate Rs 53 cr for ‘Mukhya Mantri Sukh Shiksha Yojana'....................... 180 Nitin Gadkari Launches Solar-Powered Tricycles for Disabled Individuals................................. 181 NASA's Perseverance Rover Begins Climb to Jezero Crater Rim................................................... 181 Study Reveals Microplastics Dominant in Indian Personal Care Products................................... 183 UN Calls for Urgent Action on Rising Sea Levels............................................................................. 184 Nano DAP Experiment Reveals Decline in Wheat Yields................................................................. 185 NGT Imposes ₹1,000 Crore Fine on Punjab Government.............................................................. 186 What is Food Traceability?..................................................................................................................... 187 August 29, 2024.............................................................................................................................................. 188 What is Eastern equine encephalitis?.................................................................................................... 188 Who is Kevan Parekh, the new CFO of Apple?................................................................................. 188 What is Whitetopping Technology?..................................................................................................... 189 Karnataka Launches Ovitrap Baskets to Combat Rising Dengue Cases...................................... 190 © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 6 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Paciﬁc Islands Forum’s Annual Meeting Begins................................................................................ 190 Himachal Pradesh Raises Minimum Marriage Age for Women to 21.......................................... 192 ISRO's Gaganyaan Mission to Feature Humanoid Vyomitra in 2025........................................... 192 Uttar Pradesh Government Launches Controversial Social Media Policy.................................... 193 Union Cabinet Approves 12 New Industrial Smart Cities................................................................ 194 B Srinivasan Appointed New NSG Director General....................................................................... 195 August 30, 2024.............................................................................................................................................. 196 2nd Joint Russian-Indian Commission Held in Moscow.................................................................. 196 India, China Commit to Peace in Border Areas................................................................................. 197 Global Fintech Fest (GFF) 2024........................................................................................................... 198 Google DeepMind Launches AI Project for 125 Indian Languages.............................................. 198 Berkshire Hathaway First Non-Tech Company to Hit $1 Trillion................................................ 199 New Study Reveals Dire State of Global Fish Stocks...................................................................... 200 India Commissions Second Nuclear Submarine, INS Arighaat...................................................... 201 Oropouche Virus...................................................................................................................................... 202 Assam Assembly Passes Bill Regulating Muslim Marriages and Divorces................................... 203 August 31, 2024............................................................................................................................................... 204 Bafﬂing Temperature Drop Discovered in Atlantic Ocean............................................................ 204 Union Minister Inaugurates ASSOCHAM Environment Conference........................................... 205 West Nile Virus - Current Updates (August, 2024)........................................................................ 206 Modi Lays Foundation Stone for Vadhvan Port Project.................................................................. 207 3rd Edition of India-U.S. Defence Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X)..................................... 208 Vulture Count 2024................................................................................................................................ 209 ChatGPT Hits 200 Million Weekly Users........................................................................................... 210 Iran Village May Record World's Highest Heat Index....................................................................... 211 Reliance Jio Introduces Jio Brain AI Suite............................................................................................ 212 Astronomers Discover Brightest Quasar Ever: J0529-4351............................................................ 212 © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 7 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 August 1, 2024 NSDC Launches Women Entrepreneurship Program to Empower Women On July 31, 2024, Shri Atul Kumar Tiwari, the Secretary of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, announced big steps forward for women’s entrepreneurship. This is mainly through new projects like the Women Entrepreneurship Program, launched by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) in partnership with Britannia Industries. Collaboration with Ministries Shri Tiwari highlighted the importance of working together with other ministries, such as Tribal Affairs and Rural Development, to help women entrepreneurs grow. This collaboration aims to give targeted skill training to Women’s Self-Help Groups, helping them start strong businesses. Women Entrepreneurship Program The Women Entrepreneurship Program focuses on the unique challenges women entrepreneurs face. It offers free self-learning courses in many languages through the Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH). These courses teach important entrepreneurial skills and knowledge. Participants will receive certificates from NSDC, Britannia, and NIESBUD, showing they have gained new skills. The program aims to empower about 2.5 million women, giving them the tools they need for business success. Financial Grants and Competitions The program will also feature a finale where the top 50 business ideas will be showcased. Britannia will give ₹10 lakh each to ten standout contestants, encouraging innovation and excellence. The program has two phases: Phase 1: The first phase offers self-learning courses. Phase 2: The second phase provides support to 10,000 selected candidates, helping them with business model selection, registration, and funding guidance. NSDC will regularly check how well the program is working to ensure the businesses are sustainable in the long run. This initiative aims to increase the visibility and reach of women-led businesses, creating a supportive environment for their growth. 46th session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC) - Recent Updates In July 2024, India hosted the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC) in New Delhi. This event was a key moment in India’s efforts to protect its heritage. During the event, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a $1 million grant to support UNESCO’s global conservation efforts. India’s Commitment to Heritage Conservation India has been a strong supporter of the World Heritage Convention. It has actively participated in the WHC, serving four terms since 1977. India also works with other countries to build skills and provide technical help for heritage conservation. In the past decade, India has successfully added 13 cultural and natural sites to the World Heritage list. This makes India the sixth country globally in terms of World Heritage Sites, with a total of 43 sites. During the recent WHC session, the Moidams from Assam were recognized as India’s 43rd World Heritage Site. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 3 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Highlights from the 46th WHC Meeting At the session, 24 new World Heritage Sites were added worldwide, including 19 cultural, 4 natural, and 1 mixed property. India also signed a Cultural Property Agreement with the USA to fight the illegal trade in cultural artifacts. Several heritage conservation projects were discussed at the event, including the Kashi Vishwanath Corridor and new initiatives at Nalanda University. India also partnered with international organizations like ICCROM to improve skills related to heritage preservation. A major exhibition at the WHC showcased 25 repatriated historical objects, demonstrating India’s dedication to preserving and promoting its cultural heritage. About World Heritage Sites Number and Distribution: There are over 1,100 World Heritage Sites recognized for their cultural or natural significance, spanning 167 countries, with Italy having the most sites at 58. Notable Facts: The first site listed in 1978 was the Galápagos Islands, and the Great Wall of China is the longest structure on the list. Sites can be added or removed, like Dresden, which was removed in 2009 due to development. Cultural Focus and Purpose: About 80% of the sites are Cultural Heritage Sites. The designation of these sites aims to promote conservation and raise awareness of their importance. Tree Cover Increase Threatens Grassland Bird Populations Increasing tree cover is usually seen as good for protecting nature and fighting climate change. But new research shows that trees spreading into places that have always been open, like savannahs and grasslands, can harm native animals, especially birds that live in grasslands. A major study in Global Change Biology found that grassland bird numbers in the African savannah have dropped by more than 20%. Understanding Open Ecosystems Grasslands and savannahs are very important for biodiversity. They make up almost 40% of the Earth’s land and support many different species, from large plant-eaters to unique birds. However, these ecosystems face threats from being turned into farmland, being built on, and being overgrazed. Another threat is woody encroachment. Woody Encroachment Defined Woody encroachment happens when open areas, like grasslands and savannahs, start to have more trees and shrubs. This change makes the ecosystem more uniform, with fewer different types of plants and animals. As a result, the overall biodiversity decreases. Factors Driving Woody Encroachment Several things cause woody encroachment: Disruption of Disturbance Regimes: Natural and human activities, like stopping fires and changing grazing habits, allow trees to grow more. Climate Change: Higher CO2 levels help trees grow more than grasses, which leads to fewer grasslands. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 4 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Consequences for Biodiversity The change from open areas to ones with more trees has big effects on biodiversity: Declining Bird Populations: Bird species that live in grasslands are decreasing because trees are taking over their habitats. Altered Ecosystem Dynamics: Changes in the soil and higher risk of predation threaten animals like grassland rodents. Invasive Species and Plantation Effects Invasive tree species make woody encroachment worse. For example, in India, species like Prosopis juliflora have turned grasslands into dense woodlands, harming the habitat even more. To fight the negative effects of woody encroachment, more research is needed to understand its impact and to monitor open ecosystems over time. It’s also important to stop misclassifying these habitats as “wastelands” to protect them effectively. Cyber Crime Prevention Against Women and Children (CCPWC) Initiative Safe City Projects are organized efforts by local police and city authorities to make cities safer, especially for women, and to fix problems with infrastructure. These projects are part of national plans to prevent cyber crimes against women and children, supported by the Nirbhaya Fund. What is CCPWC? The CCPWC initiative, under the Nirbhaya Fund, focuses on tackling cyber crimes. A key part of this initiative is the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP), where people can report various cyber crimes, especially those targeting women and children. NCRP and Reporting Mechanisms The NCRP has been visited over 16.18 crore times and has reported 1.94 lakh incidents of child pornography and related crimes. Additionally, a partnership between India and the USA improves cooperation in addressing online child exploitation. To help investigate cyber crimes, Cyber Forensic cum Training Labs have been set up in 33 States and Union Territories, with a financial investment of more than Rs. 131.60 crore. These labs help handle and analyze cyber crime data effectively. Emergency Response Support Systems The Emergency Response Support System (ERSS) is available in all States and Union Territories, managing over 36.29 crore calls. It works with the Women Helpline (181) to provide better support for women in distress. Safe City Projects Implementation The Safe City Projects aim to use advanced technologies for smarter policing in eight cities: Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Lucknow, and Mumbai. These projects focus on addressing safety concerns raised by women and improving public safety infrastructure. About National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) Launch and Purpose: The National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) was launched in 2020 in India to make reporting cybercrimes such as hacking, identity theft, and financial fraud easier. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 5 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Features: The NCRP is available 24/7, offers anonymity for reporters, and includes online resources to raise awareness about cyber safety. It also helps law enforcement track cybercrime trends. Broader Initiative: The portal is part of India’s Digital India campaign, aiming to boost public involvement in fighting cybercrime. India and China Hold 30th Round of Border Issues On October 25, 2023, India and China held their 30th meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC) in New Delhi. They described their discussions as “in-depth, constructive, and forward-looking.” The main focus was on the ongoing stand-off along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh. Background of the Stand-off The stand-off between India and China started in 2020 and has included both military and diplomatic efforts to manage the tensions. The WMCC is important for discussions about border issues, alongside higher-level military talks. Significance of the Meeting This recent WMCC meeting is part of larger efforts to resolve outstanding issues and bring back peace. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) stressed the importance of respecting the LAC to normalize relations between the two countries. Ongoing Diplomatic Engagements Diplomatic efforts, including talks between Foreign Ministers and previous meetings, aim to keep the momentum in resolving border tensions. Recent meetings in Astana and Vientiane helped show a united approach in negotiations. Military Coordination Efforts Regular Corps Commander talks also support the WMCC meetings, with the 21st round held in February 2023. However, there have been no major breakthroughs in reducing tensions in key areas. There is speculation that India might consider easing some economic restrictions on Chinese companies. This is based on recent economic surveys suggesting more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from China could be beneficial. About Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) Establishment and Purpose: The Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) was set up by India and China in 2017 to work together on border issues and keep the peace. This group provides a way for both countries to talk and solve problems, showing their growing relationship and need for stability. Function and Focus: The WMCC holds regular meetings between military and diplomatic officials from both countries, focusing on regional security, counterterrorism, and trade to help manage conflicts. Significance: The WMCC helps solve problems and manage relations between India and China, showing their growing connection and need for stability. National Apprenticeship and Training Scheme (NATS) 2.0 Portal On July 30, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan launched the National © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 6 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) 2.0 Portal and announced Rs 100 crore in stipends for apprentices. This money will be given directly to apprentices through the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system. This new initiative is part of the government’s effort to improve the skills and job prospects of young people in fields like IT, manufacturing, and automobiles. NATS 2.0 Portal Overview The NATS 2.0 Portal is designed to make the apprenticeship process easier. It allows people looking for apprenticeships to register and apply for opportunities, and it helps industries manage job openings and contracts more effectively. Benefits of the NATS 2.0 Portal The portal is expected to attract more users and help young graduates and diploma holders gain practical job skills. It also ensures that apprentices receive a monthly stipend to support them financially during their training. Panel Discussions on Apprenticeships There were two-panel discussions about the future of apprenticeships. They covered topics such as: Degree programs that include apprenticeships Credits for apprenticeship training Working together between industries and higher education Using technology to improve the DBT system and e-Governance Government’s Commitment to Skills Development Minister Pradhan emphasized the need for education to go beyond traditional degrees. He encouraged educational institutions to focus on making students more employable by offering relevant courses, as highlighted in this year’s budget. To ensure that stipends are distributed fairly and efficiently, the DBT system was introduced in 2024. This system allows stipends to be sent directly to apprentices’ bank accounts, making sure they get their benefits quickly. Supporting Vocational Education The NATS 2.0 Portal supports the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which aims to make vocational education a key part of the education system. It promotes combining vocational training with general education and supports student mobility through new guidelines for Apprenticeship Embedded Degree Programmes (AEDP) introduced by the UGC and AICTE. International Conference of Agricultural Economists On October 25, 2023, Prof. Ramesh Chand, a member of NITI Aayog, announced that the 32nd International Conference of Agricultural Economists will be held from August 2-7, 2024, at the Pusa Institute in New Delhi. This is the first time in 66 years that India will host this important conference, showing how the country’s role in global agricultural discussions has grown. The first conference took place in 1958 when India was dealing with poverty and hunger. The 2024 event highlights how far India has come in terms of sustainable development and food security. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 7 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Key Details of the Conference Theme: Transformation Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems” Inauguration: By Prime Minister Narendra Modi Participants: Approximately 1,000 attendees, including 740 international representatives from 75 countries Gender Representation: 45% female participation among attendees Objectives and Focus Areas The conference aims to address complex agriculture issues and provide young researchers a chance to connect. It will include lectures, discussions, and exhibitions led by top agricultural economists, linking economic ideas with sustainable farming practices. The conference focuses on improving food systems to meet global sustainability goals and encourages international collaboration in agriculture, establishing India as a leader in the field. About International Conference of Agricultural Economists The International Conference of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) was founded in 1960 and is held every three years. It deals with problems in agriculture and rural development. The first conference took place in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Topics covered include food security, sustainability, and economic policies. The IAAE has members from over 100 countries and promotes collaboration across different fields. It highlights the importance of technology in agriculture and publishes proceedings that contribute to global agricultural research. Recent conferences have looked at how climate change affects agriculture. India Elected Vice-Chair Of IPEF Supply Chain Council India has been elected as the vice-chair of the Supply Chain Council (SCC) under the Indo- Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF). This council is focused on making supply chains stronger and more reliable for its 14 member countries. Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) The IPEF, launched on May 23, 2022, in Tokyo, includes 14 member countries: Australia, Brunei, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and the United States. The framework is organized around four key pillars: Trade Supply Chain Resilience Clean Economy Fair Economy Structure of the Supply Chain Initiative The IPEF has created three councils to deal with different supply chain issues: Supply Chain Council (SCC) – Works on improving supply chain security and economic health. Crisis Response Network (CRN) – Helps countries respond together in emergencies that disrupt supply chains. Labour Rights Advisory Board (LRAB) – Addresses issues related to workers’ rights. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 8 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 India’s Role Being elected as vice-chair of the SCC is a big step for India. The council aims to reduce reliance on China and improve communication about potential supply problems. Objectives of the Council 1. Supply Chain Council (SCC): Focuses on national security, public health, and economic stability by improving supply chain efficiency. 2. Crisis Response Network (CRN): Aims for coordinated emergency responses during supply chain crises. 3. Labour Rights Advisory Board (LRAB): Bring workers, employers, and governments together to enhance labour rights across regional supply chains. Future Meetings and Plans The first meetings have set the stage for future cooperation, including plans for face-to- face meetings. The SCC’s first in-person meeting is planned for September 2024 in Washington, alongside the Supply Chain Summit. About Supply Chain Council The SCC was started in 2003 to make supply chains more efficient. It developed the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, which is a standard framework for managing supply chains. Initially, SCC was run by its members and focused on collaboration between companies. In 2014, it merged with APICS to become APICS Supply Chain Council, gaining more resources. The SCOR model includes performance measures, best practices, and processes. The SCC also offered training and certifications in supply chain management, focusing on continuous improvement and operational excellence. Who is Preeti Sudan, the New Chairperson of UPSC? On August 1, 2024, Preeti Sudan will start her role as the Chairperson of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) in India. She is taking over from Manoj Soni, who resigned for personal reasons. Preeti Sudan will hold this position until April 2025, when she will turn 65 years old. Appointment and Tenure Preeti Sudan’s appointment as Chairperson of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is made under Article 316 A of the Indian Constitution. As a current member of the UPSC, she steps into this important leadership role with a lot of experience in public service. Career and Background Preeti Sudan is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer from the 1983 batch of Andhra Pradesh. She retired from her role as Union Health Secretary in July 2020. Before that, she held several key positions, including Secretary of the Department of Food & Public Distribution, and worked in Women & Child Development and Defence. She has advanced degrees: an M.Phil in Economics and an MSc in Social Policy and Planning from the London School of Economics. Contributions and Initiatives Sudan has played a key role in launching important national programs like Beti Bachao, © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 9 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Beti Padhao, and Ayushman Bharat. She was also involved in setting up the National Medical Commission, the Allied Health Professionals Commission, and banning e- cigarettes. Global Experience and Leadership Roles Besides her work in India, Sudan has a strong international background. She was a former Consultant with the World Bank and held leadership roles such as Chair of COP-8 in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Vice Chair of the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health, and Chair of the Global Digital Health Partnership. She also served on WHO’s Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response. August 2, 2024 KIIT University Granted UN ECOSOC Special Consultative Status KIIT Deemed to be University (KIIT DU) has received a special honor from the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UN ECOSOC). This recognition, given on July 23, 2024, in New York, puts KIIT DU in a special group of global institutions that are committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Significance of the Award Out of 476 applications from around the world, only 19 organizations got this award, highlighting KIIT’s important role in helping with the UN’s Agenda 2030. This status boosts KIIT’s reputation and credibility in international education and development projects. Partnership with UN Volunteers KIIT has also signed an agreement with UN Volunteers (UNV), which allows its students to work as ‘National University UN Volunteers’. This means students can join development projects with UN agencies, gaining valuable international experience and receiving stipends. Collaboration with ACYPL Additionally, KIIT has teamed up with the American Council of Young Political Leaders (ACYPL). This partnership aims to promote global understanding and provide exchange programs for students to build leadership skills and gain diplomatic experience. KIIT’s sister institution, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS), has had Special Consultative Status with UN ECOSOC since 2015. With KIIT now receiving this recognition, it becomes the only technical university in India to have this status, showing its commitment to high- quality education and social responsibility. About Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences KISS, founded in 1993, provides free education to over 30,000 tribal children and focuses on holistic development. It offers academic, cultural, and vocational training and promotes sustainable living through agriculture and skill development. KISS works with international organizations and hosts exchange programs to expand its global reach. ADB Loans $200 Million for India's Waste Management Improvement The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $200 million loan to improve how solid waste and sanitation are handled in 100 cities across India. This project is part of the © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 10 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0, which aims to create cleaner cities. Program Objectives The funding will be used to improve waste management systems, focusing on better ways to separate, collect, and dispose of waste. The loan was signed by Juhi Mukherjee from the Finance Ministry and Mio Oka, ADB’s Country Director for India. Infrastructure Development The money will be used to build and upgrade facilities for handling waste, including: Bio-methanation plants: These facilities turn organic waste into energy. Composting plants: These turn organic waste into useful compost for soil. Managed landfills: Safe places to dispose of waste. Material recovery facilities: Places where materials from waste are sorted and recycled. Plastic waste processing centers: Facilities to process and recycle plastic waste. Climate and Disaster Resilience The plan will include climate protection, disaster readiness, gender equality, and social fairness in city services. It aims to improve the ability of city management teams to handle waste and sanitation better. The program will encourage cities to learn from each other and work with private companies to improve services. About Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0, started in 2021, focuses on making sanitation practices last longer and be more effective. Its goal is to improve how cities handle their waste by encouraging community involvement. The mission supports using scientific ways to process waste, like composting (turning waste into useful compost) and recycling. It also aims to build more public toilets, especially for women. This effort matches the United Nations’ goals for sustainable development and seeks to create overall cleanliness in cities, making urban life better and tackling environmental issues in a meaningful way. NCERT Proposes 10 Bagless Days for School Students 6 - 8 To reduce academic pressure on students in Classes 6 to 8, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has proposed 10 ‘bagless days’. These days are meant to encourage hands-on learning and vocational experiences. Purpose of Bagless Days The main goal of bagless days is to move learning outside traditional classrooms. This helps students interact with their community and learn practical skills for future jobs. Implementation Guidelines Duration and Scheduling: Schools must set aside at least 10 days (about 60 hours) for bagless activities during the school year. Teacher Involvement: Teachers will plan these activities and work with local experts like carpenters and potters to provide practical experiences. Learning Themes Science, Environment, and Technology: Activities include exploring local plants and animals, testing soil and water, and attending workshops on drones and artificial © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 11 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 intelligence. Public Office, Local Industry, and Business: Students will visit panchayat offices, banks, and dairy farms to learn about public services and industry operations. Art, Culture, and History: This includes cultural activities such as puppetry and dance, and visits to historical sites and national events. Expected Outcomes The initiative aims to improve students’ ability to observe and learn practical skills. It helps them understand and respect local jobs while encouraging a sense of community and the value of hard work. It also aims to make learning more interesting and varied beyond traditional classroom lessons. A PSS Central Institute of Vocational Education trial project showed that bagless days made students much more interested in learning job skills. This supports the wider educational goals in the National Education Policy 2020. What is the Karnataka MUDA scam? The Mysuru Urban Development Authority (MUDA) is under investigation for possible unfair practices in giving out land as compensation for taking over private property. The issue became more serious when it was alleged that Parvathi, the wife of Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, received 14 residential plots in a high-end area. This has raised questions about whether the process was fair and legal. Background of MUDA MUDA, originally called the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB) when it was created in 1904, is responsible for urban planning and development in Mysuru. One of its roles is to acquire land for residential layouts. However, MUDA has faced legal problems due to incomplete land acquisitions. Compensation Challenges Because of financial problems and ongoing lawsuits, MUDA has had trouble properly compensating people who lost their land. In 2020, the High Court ordered MUDA to return land it had taken illegally, prompting MUDA to find other ways to compensate landowners. The 50:50 Ratio Scheme To address financial issues, MUDA started a 50:50 ratio scheme in 2020. This plan gives 50% of the developed land to the original landowners and allows MUDA to keep the other half. This helps MUDA partially compensate for the land taken. Allegations of Misuse While this scheme aimed to make land allotment fairer, there have been allegations of unauthorized allocations and involvement of middlemen. Critics claim some people benefited improperly from this scheme without proper checks. Involvement of Siddaramaiah and Parvathi Parvathi Siddaramaiah, the wife of Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, received 14 residential plots as compensation for land acquired for development. This has drawn scrutiny due to her political connections, with opposition parties questioning the fairness and legality of this allotment compared to other land values in the area. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 12 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Opposition’s Response The BJP and JD(S) parties have accused the ruling Congress party of corruption and mismanagement, demanding an investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). They have organized protests to raise awareness of the issue. The state government has acknowledged the need for an investigation and has announced a one-man judicial commission to look into the alleged irregularities. However, opposition leaders are skeptical, claiming this is just a way to protect the current government. New Bent-Toed Gecko Species Discovered in Northeast India Scientists from India and the UK have recently discovered six new species of bent-toed geckos in Northeast India. This finding highlights the region’s rich and largely hidden ecological diversity, emphasizing the importance of ongoing biological exploration. Key Research Institutions The study was a collaborative effort involving the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), and the Natural History Museum London (NHM). Their teamwork showcases the value of international cooperation in studying biodiversity. Geographic Distribution The newly discovered gecko species come from four states: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. This suggests that each state’s unique environment contributes to the region’s biodiversity. Species Overview Here are the new gecko species and where they were found: Namdapha Bent-Toed Gecko: Found in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve, lives in lowland evergreen forests. Siang River Bent-Toed Gecko: Discovered in the Siang River valley, indicating a unique habitat there. Ngengpui Bent-Toed Gecko: Located in the Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, thrives in tropical semi-evergreen forests. Manipur Bent-Toed Gecko: Found near Lamdan Kabui village, occupies shrub regions at moderate elevations. Kiphire Bent-Toed Gecko: Found in Nagaland, inhabits regenerating jhum lands (areas where slash-and-burn agriculture was practiced). Barail Hill Bent-Toed Gecko: Also identified in Nagaland, inhabits reserved forests. Significance of Findings These discoveries reveal that Northeast India has a high degree of species diversity, especially in bent-toed geckos, with nearly 30 endemic species identified. This indicates that the area south of the Brahmaputra River is ecologically richer compared to the Himalayan foothills. The findings also show that biodiversity in protected areas like tiger reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in India is not well documented. Additionally, they highlight the importance of less-studied habitats, such as abandoned jhum lands, in supporting undocumented species. The research stresses the urgent need for continued © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 13 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 ecological surveys in Northeast India to uncover and document more biodiversity, especially in areas that have not been well explored. Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak 2024 The Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak 2024, introduced by Civil Aviation Minister K. Ram Mohan Naidu in the Lok Sabha, is a new law meant to replace the old Aircraft Act of 1934. This new law is designed to update and simplify the rules for civil aviation in India. Need for the New Legislation The Aircraft Act of 1934 has been changed 21 times since it was first made, which has led to confusion and unnecessary complexity. The new bill aims to make the regulations clearer, remove outdated rules, and ensure they match international standards for aviation. Key Features of the Bill Here’s what the bill proposes: Repeal and Re-enact: It suggests getting rid of the old Aircraft Act and creating a new one with updated rules. Central Government Powers: It gives the government control over all aspects of aircraft operations, including their design, manufacturing, maintenance, and safety. Accident Investigations: It allows for the investigation of aviation accidents and focuses on ensuring public health safety related to air travel. Supporting ‘Make in India’ The new bill supports India’s ‘Make in India’ campaign by encouraging local aircraft design and production. It also includes measures to improve maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) services, which are important for strengthening India’s aviation infrastructure. Response to Opposition The bill faced some criticism because of its Hindi title. The Minister defended this choice, saying it represents a new identity for India while keeping the main content accessible in English. About Aircraft Act 1934 The Aircraft Act of 1934 originally set up rules for civil aviation in India. It gave the government the authority to make rules for aircraft safety and operations, leading to the creation of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). The Act dealt with issues like licensing, aircraft safety, and accidents. Its main goal was to make air travel safer and to regulate commercial aviation. Over time, it was updated to include new aircraft technologies and security measures against unlawful activities. Tarang Shakti-2024 The Indian Air Force (IAF) is getting ready to host its largest-ever multilateral military exercise called ‘Tarang Shakti,’ planned for August and September 2024. This exercise shows India’s commitment to building strong international defense relationships and military partnerships. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 14 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Objective of ‘Tarang Shakti’ The main goal of ‘Tarang Shakti‘ is to improve cooperation and teamwork among the participating countries through complex aerial drills and missions. This event is a big step in India’s military diplomacy, helping nations understand each other better and work together more effectively. Phases of the Exercise The exercise will take place in two phases: Phase One (August 6-14, 2024) – Sulur, Tamil Nadu Focus: Joint operations such as air combat maneuvers, air-to-air refueling, and strategic airlift. Participating countries: Germany, France, Spain, and the UK. Phase Two (August 29-September 14, 2024) – Jodhpur, Rajasthan Focus: Advanced scenarios like simulated combat missions and electronic warfare exercises. Participating countries: Australia, Bangladesh, Greece, Singapore, the UAE, and the US. Participation and Significance Nearly 30 countries will participate out of the 51 invited, including major countries like the US, UK, and Germany. However, Russia and Israel will not be taking part, despite being traditional defense partners. Showcasing India’s Defence Capabilities ‘Tarang Shakti’ will also showcase India’s military equipment, including the LCA Tejas and Rafale jets. This aligns with India’s goal of ‘Atmanirbharta’ (self-reliance) in defense. Alongside the exercise, there will be a defense industrial expo to promote Indian defense innovations and create partnerships between established companies and startups. About Tarang Shakti Tarang Shakti is an annual naval exercise by India to improve naval strength and security at sea. It started in 2019 and includes various naval forces from both India and other countries. The exercise involves activities like: Anti-submarine warfare: Finding and combating enemy submarines. Surveillance and reconnaissance: Monitoring sea areas and gathering information. Humanitarian assistance: Providing help during emergencies. The goal is to ensure different naval fleets can work well together. This exercise shows India’s commitment to protecting regional waters and using modern naval tactics and advanced technology. It includes both Indian and foreign naval ships, highlighting teamwork in maritime operations. India Retains Eighth Position in Global Agricultural Exports In 2023, India continued to be the eighth-largest exporter of agricultural products worldwide. However, India’s agricultural exports dropped from $55 billion in 2022 to $51 billion. This decline happened during a time when many other leading countries also saw © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 15 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 a decrease in their agricultural exports. Global Export Trends Out of the top ten agricultural exporting countries, only three saw growth in their exports in 2023: 1. Brazil: Agricultural exports increased by 6% to $157 billion. 2. European Union (EU): Agricultural exports grew by 5% to $836 billion. 3. Thailand: Agricultural exports increased slightly by 0.2%, though it is not among the top three exporters. Factors Impacting Indian Exports India’s reduction in agricultural exports can be attributed to several geopolitical factors, such as: The Red Sea crisis The Russia-Ukraine war Export Bans and Their Effects These events have disrupted global trade. Additionally, India’s export bans on key agricultural products also contributed to the decline. These bans included: Wheat in May 2022 Non-basmati rice in July 2023 Sugar in October 2023 Comparison with Other Major Exporters Despite a decrease in exports to $198 billion, the United States remains the second-largest agricultural exporter. China is the fourth-largest, with a slight decrease to $95 billion. Other significant countries in the top ten include Canada, Mexico, and Indonesia. Australia. New WTO Trade Statistics Tool The World Trade Organization (WTO) introduced an interactive platform in its 2023 report for analyzing international trade data. This tool allows users to explore trends in world trade by value and volume, with options to filter by economy, region, and product group. August 3, 2024 Saturn Ejects Comet A117uUD into Interstellar Space In 2024, scientists made a significant discovery when they announced that comet A117uUD had been ejected from our solar system after a close encounter with Saturn. Discovery of Comet A117uUD The comet, A117uUD, was discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) on June 14, 2024. Researchers studied its path around the Sun using 142 tracking observations. Impact of Saturn’s Gravity In 2022, A117uUD had a close encounter with Saturn. The planet’s strong gravity changed the comet’s path, sending it into a very elongated orbit and eventually ejecting it from the solar system at a speed of about 10,800 km/h. This event is only the second time scientists have documented a comet being thrown out of the solar system by a planet’s gravity. The © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 16 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 first time was with Comet C/1980 E1 (Bowell) and Jupiter in 1980. Insights from the Ejection Studying A117uUD’s path provides valuable insights into how gravity affects objects in space. This event suggests that comet ejections might happen more often than previously thought, challenging the idea that they are rare. As A117uUD travels into interstellar space, it joins a growing list of objects from outside our solar system, helping scientists learn more about space mechanics and the chances of future encounters with similar objects. Role of ATLAS The ATLAS system played a crucial role in discovering and monitoring A117uUD, highlighting its importance in expanding our knowledge of the solar system and unusual celestial events. Scientists will continue to observe A117uUD to uncover more mysteries about our solar system and prepare for possible future encounters with interstellar objects. Saturn Facts: Size and Rings: Saturn is the second-largest planet in our solar system, famous for its spectacular rings made of ice and rock. Moons: It has 83 confirmed moons, with Titan being larger than the planet Mercury. Winds: Saturn’s winds can reach speeds of 1,100 miles per hour. Composition: It is a gas giant primarily made of hydrogen and helium. Density: Despite its size, Saturn is so light that it could float in water. Color: The planet’s yellowish color comes from ammonia crystals in its atmosphere. Cabinet Approves Eight High-Speed Road Corridor Projects Recently, the Union Cabinet approved a large plan for eight high-speed road corridor projects totaling 936 kilometers, with a total investment of ₹50,000 crore. These projects are designed to improve connectivity for both pilgrims and freight transport across various regions. Key Projects Overview The approved projects include a four-lane ring road in Ayodhya, this road is designed to make it easier for pilgrims to visit the Ram Mandir. A bypass in Guwahati, this road will help improve travel and connectivity in the region. Ayodhya Ring Road Length: 68 km Cost: ₹3,935 crore Purpose: This four-lane road will help pilgrims visiting the Ram Mandir by providing easy access from Lucknow airport and major railway stations. It aims to enhance the pilgrimage experience for both national and international tourists. Guwahati Bypass Length: 121 km Cost: ₹5,729 crore Features: Includes a major bridge over the Brahmaputra River. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 17 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Connectivity: It will connect long-distance traffic on National Highway 27, linking cities like Siliguri, Silchar, Shillong, and Tezpur, improving regional connectivity. Tharad to Ahmedabad Corridor Length: 214 km Lane Configuration: Six-lane Connectivity: This road will connect key national corridors between Amritsar and Jamnagar and the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway. Freight Advantage: It will enhance transport routes for industrial regions in Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan to major ports in Maharashtra, aiding in freight transport. Agra to Gwalior Corridor Length: 88 km Cost: ₹4,613 crore Significance: This project will provide better travel connectivity between Agra and Gwalior, boosting economic interactions and regional integration. These projects mark a significant advancement in India’s road infrastructure. They are aimed at supporting both tourism and freight transport, ultimately fostering economic growth and regional integration. NIT-Calicut Launches Innovative Web Portal ‘Nivahika’ The National Institute of Technology-Calicut (NIT-C) has launched a new web portal called ‘Nivahika’. This portal is designed to change how the institute handles and reports data. According to the director, Prasad Krishna, Nivahika will improve the accuracy and consistency of the institute’s data submissions and help with national rankings. Overview of Nivahika Nivahika is a tool that helps collect, organize, and report data more effectively across different departments and research centers at NIT-C. The Dean’s (Planning & Development) office led the development of the portal, with help from several other departments like the Centre for Information Technology, Research and Automation, Computer Networking Centre, and the Central Computer Centre. The portal helps keep track of important activities and provides timely access to crucial data. This makes it easier to run operations smoothly and make better decisions. Security and Access Nivahika is designed to be secure. Only authorized people like the Director, Registrar, deans, department heads, and center chairpersons can access it through personalized accounts. One of the key features of Nivahika is that it can automatically generate reports. This is a big improvement in how NIT-C manages its data and boosts overall efficiency. About National Institute of Technology-Calicut Established in 1961, the National Institute of Technology-Calicut (NITC) is a leading engineering school in India, originally set up as a Regional Engineering College. The campus spans 300 acres and features a large 6000-seat auditorium. NITC offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various engineering disciplines. The institute is renowned for its successful alumni, notable research in renewable © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 18 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 energy and materials science, and strong international collaborations. What is CAR-T cell therapy? - Current Updates (August, 2024) CAR-T cell therapy is a groundbreaking type of immunotherapy that uses the patient’s immune system to fight certain blood cancers. It is particularly promising for treating leukemia and lymphoma. Understanding the Immune System The immune system is the body’s defense against diseases, composed of various types of cells: White Blood Cells (WBCs): Made in the bone marrow, they fight infections. Neutrophils: Attack harmful invaders. Lymphocytes: These include B-cells (which make antibodies) and T-cells (which kill infected cells). Monocytes: Turn into macrophages to eat up invaders. Eosinophils: Fight parasites and reduce inflammation. Basophils: Involved in inflammatory responses. Immune Response Mechanisms The immune system has two main strategies: Innate Immunity: Provides quick, general defense using barriers and certain cells. Adaptive Immunity: Uses lymphocytes for a targeted response, creating memory cells for future protection. T-Cells and CAR-T Therapy T-cells are important in CAR-T cell therapy because they can remember and attack specific harmful invaders. In this therapy, scientists change the T-cells using genetic engineering. They add special receptors called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to the T-cells. These CARs help the T-cells recognize and stick to cancer cells. This allows the T-cells to find and destroy the cancer cells more effectively. The CAR-T Cell Therapy Procedure T-cells are vital in this therapy because they can remember and attack specific pathogens. Here’s how the therapy works: Apheresis: Collecting T-cells from the patient’s blood. Genetic Modification: Altering T-cells in the lab to add CARs (Chimeric Antigen Receptors) that recognize and bind to cancer cells. Expansion: Growing a large number of modified T-cells. Reinfusion: Putting the modified T-cells back into the patient’s bloodstream Benefits of CAR-T Cell Therapy Targeted Precision: Directly attacks cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues and reducing side effects. Personalized Treatment: Customized to the patient’s specific type of cancer. Long-Lasting Effects: Provides a prolonged immune response against cancer. Reduced Healthcare Costs: Fewer hospital stays and less need for ongoing treatment. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 19 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Advances in Research: Constant improvements lead to new treatment options and better patient outcomes. Affordability: Innovations like NexCAR19 make the therapy more accessible. India Shortlists Astronauts For Axiom-4 ISS Mission India has chosen two astronauts for the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS). Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will be the main mission pilot, and Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair will be the backup pilot. This mission is a big step for India’s human spaceflight program and involves working closely with the United States. Axiom-4 Mission Overview The Axiom-4 mission is the fourth private astronaut mission aiming for the ISS. It is part of a broader partnership between ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) and NASA, which was planned during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the U.S. in June 2023. A Space Flight Agreement with Axiom Space Inc. has been made to support this mission. Training Schedule The chosen astronauts will start their training in the first week of August 2024. Their training will prepare them for scientific research, technology demonstrations on the ISS, and public outreach activities. Importance of the Mission The Axiom-4 mission will advance India’s human space program and strengthen the cooperation between ISRO and NASA. The knowledge and experience gained from this mission will be valuable for future space exploration efforts. Profiles of the Astronauts Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla: Commissioned in the Indian Air Force (IAF) on June 17, 2006. Fighter Combat Leader and Test Pilot. Has around 2000 flight hours. Experienced in flying various aircraft, including Su-30 MKI and MiG-29. Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair: Commissioned on December 19, 1998. Recipient of the Sword of Honour. Category A Flying Instructor and Test Pilot. Has around 3000 flight hours. Former commander of a Su-30 Squadron and alumnus of the United States Staff College Madras High Court Declares Section 77-A Unconstitutional The Madras High Court has recently ruled that Section 77-A of the Registration Act, 1908, is unconstitutional. This section, added through a 2022 State amendment, gave District Registrars too much power to cancel property documents if there were accusations of fraud or forgery. Key Findings of the Court Justices S.S. Sundar and N. Senthilkumar raised concerns about this. They noted that while © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 20 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 the section could help protect honest landowners, it also had the potential to cause serious problems for property owners who were actually in the right. Legal Implications The judges pointed out that the existing Sections 22-A and 22-B already allow officials to refuse to register documents under certain conditions. Disputes over property titles are usually handled by civil courts, which follow a structured legal process. Judicial vs. Executive Authority The court also mentioned that District Registrars are not qualified as judges. This means there could be a risk of bias because they work within the government. This raises concerns about fairness in handling property disputes. Purpose of the Registration Act The main goal of the Registration Act is to keep accurate public records of property. The court stressed that just registering a document doesn’t settle property title issues, which are often complex and need a detailed legal review. Although Section 77-A gave District Registrars the power to cancel registrations, these cancellations are not final. People who disagree with these decisions can challenge them in civil courts, which limits the effectiveness of this provision. About Section 77-A Section 77-A of the Indian Income Tax Act, introduced in 2015, allows taxpayers to correct errors in their tax returns within a year of filing without facing penalties. This provision is meant to address honest mistakes rather than deliberate tax evasion, aiming to build trust and reduce disputes. However, it has limitations based on the type of error and when the correction is made. India Host 3rd Edition of Global South Summit India will host the third Voice of the Global South Summit on August 17, 2024. This virtual event will address major global issues like conflicts, development challenges, and climate change. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lead the summit, which will involve discussions with representatives from various countries. Purpose of the Summit The summit provides a platform for countries in the Global South—those in Latin America, Africa, and parts of Asia to share their views, difficulties, and priorities. Its goal is to improve communication and cooperation among developing nations. The first summit took place in January 2023, and the second in November 2023, just after the G20 Summit. Each event involved over 120 countries. Themes of Previous Summits Themes for the Summits: First Summit (January 2023): “Unity of Voice, Unity of Purpose” Second Summit (November 2023): “Together, for Everyone’s Growth, with Everyone’s Trust” Both themes focused on working together and collective effort. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 21 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Key Issues Addressed Main Focus Areas of the Summits: Climate change Sustainable development Global governance Ministerial sessions covered various topics like foreign affairs, education, finance, environment, energy, health, and trade. Initiatives Announced Global South Centre of Excellence (‘Dakshin’) Global South Science and Technology Initiative Global South Scholarship Programme Cooperation in the health sector Global South Young Diplomats Forum These initiatives aim to promote knowledge sharing and cooperation on important issues. About Global South Summit The Global South Summit, which started in 2004 in Havana, Cuba, seeks to enhance cooperation among developing nations. It includes diverse cultures and economies and focuses on sustainable development, climate change, and social equality. The outcomes of these summits can influence UN policies and improve partnerships among member states, with rotating leadership to ensure inclusivity. August 5, 2024 Turkey Blocks Instagram Access Amid Ongoing Political Tensions On August 2, 2024, Turkey’s Information and Communication Technologies Authority announced a block on Instagram, affecting about 85 million people. More than 50 million users in Turkey actively use Instagram. The Turkish government has not disclosed the reason for the ban. Underlying Causes The ban seems to be a response to Instagram removing posts related to the death of Ismail Haniyeh, the leader of Hamas’s political wing. Haniyeh was killed in an explosion in Tehran, with Iranian officials and Hamas blaming Israel. Israel has not commented on these accusations. Government Stance Turkey does not consider Hamas a terrorist organization, unlike the United States and many Western countries. The Turkish government has been critical of Israel’s actions in Gaza and its treatment of Palestinians. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has described Hamas members as “liberation fighters.” Censorship and Free Speech Critics of the ban, including some Turkish officials, see it as censorship. Fahrettin Altun, a government spokesperson, highlighted the need to protect freedom of speech from what he views as a global system of injustice. This move underscores ongoing tensions between Turkey and Israel and the broader geopolitical issues related to Palestine. It also shows © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 22 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Turkey’s unique role in the Middle East, where it advocates for Palestinian rights while maintaining complex relationships with both Palestinian groups and Israel. About Turkey Turkey lies between Europe and Asia and is home to Göbekli Tepe, the world’s earliest known human settlement. Mount Ararat, thought to be the resting place of Noah’s Ark, is in Turkey. Turkey produces 70% of the world’s hazelnuts. The ancient city of Troy, famous from Homer’s epics, is located in Turkey. Lake Van, the largest lake in Turkey, is also found here. Turkish is one of the most widely spoken languages, featuring unique vowel harmony rules. Tulip cultivation began in the Ottoman Empire. What is Legionnaires' Disease? A rising outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in Victoria, Australia has caused concern among health officials. The number of confirmed cases has increased from 22 to 33, with an additional 10 cases suspected. Chief Health Officer Clare Looker has noted a troubling rise in cases, mostly in the northern and western suburbs of Melbourne. Understanding Legionnaires’ Disease Legionnaires’ disease is a serious type of pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacteria. It usually happens when people breathe in water droplets contaminated with these bacteria. This contamination often comes from sources like air-conditioning systems, spas, and misting devices. Transmission Information The disease is not spread from person to person. Instead, people get infected through environmental sources, particularly from aerosols created by cooling towers or similar equipment. Current Health Advisory Authorities are advising people in metropolitan Melbourne to watch for symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, headaches, and muscle aches. If someone has these symptoms, they should seek medical help as soon as possible. People over 40 years old, especially those with existing health conditions or weakened immune systems, are at the highest risk. Dr. Looker stressed the importance of monitoring the health of these vulnerable groups. Investigators are trying to find the source of the outbreak. They suspect that a cooling tower might be involved but are also considering other possibilities. Efforts to trace contacts and identify the source are ongoing. About Legionnaires’ disease Cause and Discovery: Legionnaires’ disease is caused by Legionella bacteria and was first identified after an outbreak at a 1976 American Legion convention. Symptoms and Sources: It mainly affects the lungs, causing pneumonia-like symptoms, and the bacteria grow in warm water sources like hot tubs and cooling towers. © 2024 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books: GKTBOOKS.COM 23 Current Aﬀairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024 Diagnosis and Treatment: Symptoms show up 2 to 10 days after exposure and include cough, fever, and muscle aches. It’s diagnosed with urine tests or lung imaging and treated with antibiotics, but it can be deadly for vulnerable people. 14th India-Vietnam Defence Policy Dialogue The 14th India-Vietnam Defence Policy Dialogue was held in New Delhi, showing the commitment to strengthen defence cooperation between the two countries, especially with growing security concerns in the region. The meeting was led by India’s Defence Secretary Giridhar Aramane and Vietnam’s Deputy Minister of National Defence, Senior Lieutenant General Hoang Xuan Chien. This dialogue builds on the ‘Joint Vision Statement on India-Vietnam Defence Partnership towards 2030’ signed in June 2022, which serves as a framework for ongoing collaboration. Proposed Areas for Cooperation Delegation Exchanges and Dialogue: Regular meetings and exchanges between defence officials. Staff Talks: Discussions between military staff for better coordination. Service-to-Service Cooperation: Collaboration between different branches of the armed forces. Education an

GKTODAY Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - August, 2024

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