Gastrointestinal Disorders 1 - PDF

Gastrointestinal Disorders 1 Disorders of the Upper GI Tract Julie Severet GI Disorders  Esophagus  Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)  Hiatal Hernia  Stomach/Duodenum  Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)  Intestines  Inflammatory Bowel Disease ...

Gastrointestinal Disorders 1 Disorders of the Upper GI Tract Julie Severet GI Disorders  Esophagus  Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)  Hiatal Hernia  Stomach/Duodenum  Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)  Intestines  Inflammatory Bowel Disease  Diverticular Disease  Appendicitis Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease  Definition  reflux of gastric secretions into the esophagus  Etiology  incompetent lower esophageal sphincter  hiatal hernia  decreased gastric emptying  Pathophysiology  reflux into esophagus --> irritation, inflammation.  intestinal secretions corrosive to mucosa Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease  Clinical Manifestations  heartburn  regurgitation  lump/difficulty swallowing  gastric symptoms  respiratory symptoms  Complications  scar tissue/strictures  Barrett’s esophagus  pneumonia Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease  Diagnostic Tests  bariumswallow  endoscopy  Treatment  lifestyle changes  meds Hiatal Hernia  Definition  protrusion of upper part of stomach through diaphragm  Etiology  structural changes  inc abdominal pressure Hiatal Hernia  Types/Patho  sliding - stomach slides up when lying down -> normal when upright  rolling - stomach rolls up and forms pocket Hiatal Hernia  Clinical Manifestations  heartburn, reflux  epigastric pain  difficulty swallowing  Treatment  small freq meals, upright after meals  avoid bending  meds Peptic Ulcer Disease  Definition  break/ulceration in GI mucosa from the effects of gastric secretions --> autodigestion  Risk Factors  smoking  NSAIDS  alcohol  caffeine  chronic disease  H-pylori Duodenal Ulcers  Etiology  80% of peptic ulcers, related to H. pylori infection  Pathophysiology  hypersecretionof acid, pepsin --> damage mucosa  inadequate secretion of bicarbonate  Clinical Manifestations  chronic intermittent pain  heal spontaneously - recur Gastric Ulcers  Etiology  main causes - H.pylori, NSAIDS  Pathophysiology  abnormality in mucosa --> inc in permeability to H ions  damaged mucosa releases histamine --> inc acid  Clinical Manifestations  pain  lossof appetite  chronic Duodenal/Gastric Ulcers  Complications  hemorrhage  perforation  Diagnostic Tests  barium x-ray  endoscopy  H. pylori  Treatment  relieve cause of hyperacidity  meds Stress Ulcers  Definition  not true ulcers, form of acute erosive gastritis  develop as result of dec blood flow to mucosa  Classification  ischemic - blood shunted away  cushing - overstimulation of vagus nerve  Clinical Manifestations  bleeding  Treatment  meds