18th Century Enlightenment - Past Paper - 3º ESO

3º ESO IES Berlanga Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment 1.- Define the following words: (...

3º ESO IES Berlanga Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment 1.- Define the following words: (2 points) 1. Ancien Regime: term used by French revolutionaries based on an absolutist political system, a stratified society and a great influence of religion. 2. Enlightenment: cultural movement based on confidence in reason, faith in human progress and strong criticize to old regime. 3. Encyclopedia: 28 volumes published by Diderot and D’Alambert between 1751 and 1772 which summarized the knowledge of its time. 4. Absolute monarchy: political system in which the king held the executive, legislative, judicial, military and economic power. 5. Enlightened despotism: political system which tried to reconcile absolutism with the progressive ideas of the Enlightenment. 6. European supremacy: when one of the European countries exerted a great influence over the other European powers. 7. Balance of powers: All the powers in Europe are equal and there is not a hegemonic country over the others. 8. Physiocracy: economic theory which believe that the wealthy of a nation was based solely on the land. 9. Mercantilism: economic theory which considered that the wealth of a country come from accumulating precious metal by means of trade. 10. Liberalism: economic theory which claimed that individual work, with the unique goal to obtain the maximum benefit, is the true source of wealth. 2.- Complete the following chart about the differences the Succession War: (2 points) National conflict International conflict Charles II died without heir. The Crown of Aragon refused Bourbons Charles II died without heir. Causes due to their centralist tendences and European powers were afraid of Castilla wanted keep the king’s the union of Spain and France. desire. France and Spain Vs Castilla (supported Philip of Anjou) Vs Austria (Emperor), United Sides in conflict Crown of Aragon (supported the Kingdom, United Provinces, Archduke Charles of Austria). Prussia, Savoy and Portugal. Treaty of Utrecht (1713) and End of the conflict Capture of Catalonia (1714) Treaty of Rastatt (1714). Spain lost a lot of European territories: Austria received Flanders, Philip V was recognized King of Spain Luxemburg, Milan, Naples and and America. The Crown of Aragon Sardinia. United Kingdom received Consequences lost its privileges and the Castilian Gibraltar, Menorca and model was imposed. commercial advantages, such as Permission Ship and Slavery Trade. Savoy received Sicily. Portugal received Sacramento. 1  3º ESO IES Berlanga Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment 3.- Complete the following chart about the Bourbons in Spain: (2 points) Monarchs Political reforms Economic reforms Social reforms Foreign Policy Absolute monarchy. Political Mercantilism: and administrative Recovered European territory Protectionist Philip V centralization: Nueva Planta lost. First Family Pact (1733). measures. Control of (1700- decrees New Provincial Conquer Naples. Second the guilds. 1746) division: General captaincy Family Pact (1746). conquest Creation of royal and intendencies. Salic law. of Parma factories. Secretaries replace councils. Creation of the Real Neutral foreign policy that Ferdinand Register system. New Academia de Bellas Artes de allowed the country to get VI (1746- Concordat of 1753: Regalism. treasury model San Fernando. Racist recovered from the colonial 1759) (Ensenada 1749). policies against Gypsies. and Europeans wars. Economic liberalism: Freedom of trade with America (1778). Colonization of depopulated lands Third family Pact (1761). (Sierra Morena). Intervened in the Seven Years Grain trade Expelled of Jesuits. Custom War (French-Indian War). liberalization: reforms. Honorable Treaty of Paris (1763): Spain Charles III Esquilache Riot. professions (1783). City’s lost Florida (United Kingdom) Enlightenment despotism. (1759- Creation of Royal improvements such as de but obtain Louisiana (France). Regalism. 1788) Societies and Alcala´s Gate or Botanic Supported the revolution of Economic Friends’ Garden. the 13 colonies: Treaty of Country: spread new. Versailles (1783):Spain American crops recuperated Florida and (potatoes, maize, Menorca. pepper, etc.) New road network with a radial structure French Revolution 1789. Panic of Floridablanca (1789-1791): press censorship. War vs France (1793-1795): Peace of Maintain of the political Creation of the Basel (1795). Treaty of San Charles IV reforms of their previous Astronomical Observatory Ildefonso (1796): Disentailment of (1788- monarchs, but this reign was of Madrid and the Royal Collaboration with France Godoy (1799). 1808) marked by the impact of the School of Practical against United Kingdom. War French Revolution. Medicine, also in Madrid. of the Oranges (1801) vs Portugal. Trafalgar Battle (1805) vs United Kingdom. Treaty of Fontainebleau (1807) with Napoleon. 2 3º ESO IES Berlanga Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment 4.- One of the following TACE would be on the assessment: (2 points) RACE 1 What Enlightenment ideas are present in each text? R The Enlightenment ideas present in the first text are A hope for the future, destruction of inequalities, progress of equality, and confidence in reason. C According to the text “hope for the future” is the based for “destruction of inequalities” and the progress of equality”. Confidence in reason is shown when Condorcet says “the day will come when the Sun will shine on the Earth on only free men who have no other master than their own reason”. R In the second text, the Enlightenment ideas are present A in the aim for the happiness that only will be reached by the reason. C According to Holbach, the pursuit of happiness is a necessity because “the aim for the happiness” is the final goal of the Human Being. Also, this happiness cannot be reached trough religion, that’s why religion is “only maintain as a costum”. E. Section 1 (summarize it and write it) 3 3º ESO IES Berlanga Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment RACE 2 What differences and similarities could you find between Physiocracy and Liberalism? R The main difference between the Physiocracy and Liberalism is A that the Physiocracy believes that the wealthy of a nation resides solely in the land while Liberalism believe that the wealthy resides in the freedom of market based on the Law of supply and demand. C According to Quesnay “the earth is the sole source of all riches”. Meanwhile Adam Smith “the actual price at which and commodity is commonly sold is called its market price… The market price of every particular commodity is regulated by the proportion between the quantity which is actually brought to market (supply) and the demand of those are willing to pay the natural price of the commodity (demand).” R The main similarity between Physiocracy and Liberalism is A the rejection of state intervention in the economy. C According to the Physiocracy ideologist “let there be complete liberty in commerce” and Adam Smith reflects the same idea when he explained who must rule the economy: “led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his (state) intervention”. E During the 18th century Mercantilism and Physiocracy were ruling the economies in the majority of the European countries. Mercantilism is an economic theory that based the wealthy 4 3º ESO IES Berlanga Getting ready for Unit 9 Assessment: The 18th century. The age of Enlightenment of a country in the trade, accumulation of metal precious, avoiding imports and encouraging exports. The state intervenes in the economy to promote this international trade and encouraging public and private expeditions to expand the colonies in order to obtain raw materials and market to sell the products manufactured in Europe. Physiocracy is an economic theory that based the wealthy solely in the land and is linked to the absolutism politic. The raw material, agriculture, livestock farming and mining provide to the state the wealthy which must be kept encouraging exports and avoiding imports. The state mustn’t intervene in the economy and provide free commerce. State encourages expeditions and colonies to get access to the raw material and the market. Liberalism is a new economic theory set in 1770 and is the based of capitalism. In this theory Adam Smith defend the freedom of market based on the invisible hand that regulates the market by itself called law of supply and demand. In opposition to Mercantilism and Physiocracy that are theories under the guild controlled in the production factor, Adam refused any kind of control, either state or guilds, promoting individual growth to provide social benefit. The final goal is the economic benefit by controlling markets abroad, encouraging exports of goods (cheaper, better in quality and in abundant quantity). With this productive system it is not needed imports because the country produces for itself and others markets. By controlling others market they get access to the wealthy. They promote colonies in order to obtain raw materials for cheaper production and better productivity. 5.- 10 Multiple choice questions, including questions from units before. (2 points) 5