Geography Assessment Notes PDF

***[\\Landforms and Landscapes]*** Landforms: A natural feature on the earth which is formed by a geographical force such as the movement of tectonic plates and erosion Landscapes: Landscapes are made up by a combination of landforms ***[3 Types of Landforms ]*** Built Composite Natural ***[T...

***[\\Landforms and Landscapes]*** Landforms: A natural feature on the earth which is formed by a geographical force such as the movement of tectonic plates and erosion Landscapes: Landscapes are made up by a combination of landforms ***[3 Types of Landforms ]*** Built Composite Natural ***[Types of Landscapes and Landforms and Vocab]*** Erosion: Erosion is the movement of rocks that are moved by the natural force of wind or water. These rocks have been through the process of weathering. Deposition- The process of which rocks and minerals being moved and added to landforms. Weathering: The process of decomposing or breaking up rocks due to rainwater, temperature change and biological actions. Transportation: The movement of rocks being moved across the Earth's surface by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Biological Weathering: The process of plants and animals causing rocks to be broken down into smaller pieces. Physical Weathering: The process of rocks being broken down due to the effects of different temperatures. Chemical Weathering: The process of rocks being broken down by a chemical reaction. It causes changes to the minerals inside or on top of the rocks. Tectonic Plates: Tectonic plates are large pieces of rock sitting just below the crust of the earth but slightly above the mantle. Arid- A place with low precipitation Tundra- An extremely cold biome with small shrubs and grass Built Landscapes- Has been created or modified by humans.  A biotic landscape is habitat to living things that can affect other living things, some biotic landscapes are the amazon rainforest and the African savannah**. /** Karst- Underground landscapes of caves and water channels. / Plateau- An area of high, flat land. / Mountains: A mountain is a type of landform and is an elevated portion of the earth's surface. A geomorphic landscape is an area defined by a distinctive set of landforms which are created by different geomorphic process. Crust: A layer of rock which forms the earth's outer surface / Deserts: Deserts are areas of low rainfall; they are an arid or dry environment. However not all deserts are hot. Deserts can have cold temperatures such as Antarctica, the world's largest desert. Rainforests: They are the most diverse landscape and are found in a variety of climates. They have a lush vegetation depending on the amount of rainfall. Aquatic Landscapes: Aquatic landscapes can be classified as freshwater or marine. They include things like oceans, the sea, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. A riverine landscape is a landscape formed by the natural movement of a water system e.g. a river./ Islands: They are a piece of land completely surrounded by water. Glacier: A large mass of moving ice or snow that is visible both above and below sea. / Grasslands: They are found between forests and deserts and contains grass of various heights. / A coastal landscape is when the landscape is near the sea. / ***[Types of Photographs]*** Satellite Image: A satellite image is an image taken by a satellite. This type of photography usually captures a country as a whole. Oblique Aerial View: An oblique aerial view is a type of photograph view taken directly from above but at a slight angle. Vertical Aerial View: A vertical aerial view is a type of photograph view taken directly from above. Ground-level View: A ground-level view is a view taken from the ground. ***[Types of Maps]*** Political: A political map shows countries, country borders, cities, city borders and territories. A star represents the capital city. Topographic: A topographic map shows the relief of a landscape with the use of contour lines. They show natural features of the earth such as mountains, lakes, and rivers. Thematic: A thematic map \\show information about one particular topic such as population. This can be shown through colour-codes, legends and much more. Topological: A topological map is a type of map that only includes the vital information of a specific area without any unnecessary detail. Physical Maps: A physical map shows the physical features such as lakes, rivers, and mountains as well as the elevation of a specific area. Road Map-A Road map shows major and minor roads for a specific area. Navigation Map- Navigation maps are used to pilot a ship. They show coastlines, water depth, natural features of the sea as well as harbours lighthouses and bridges. Transit Map- public transportation maps eg subway tracks. **[SPICESS]** Space- Relating to spatial distribution and how and where things are placed. Place- Something that has meaning and provides others with a sense of identity and belonging. Interconnection- Explaining how places are related and connected to each other in some way or another. Change- The geographical changes and processes such as erosion. Environment- A concept that finds the significance of an environment and how it impacts a specific thing. Sustainability- The capacity of our environment and how it supports one's life. Scale: The way geographical problems can be explained with the use of spatial levels such as personal, local, regional, national, and global etc. ***[Australian Landforms ]*** -Coastal Lowlands -Central Lowlands -Great Western Plateau -Eastern Highlands Choose a natural landform and describe how it was formed. The geographical processes that created the 12 Apostles primarily involve Weathering and Erosion. Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks, while erosion involves the movement of these rocks. Initially, the twelve apostles were made up of numerous limestone stacks. Over time, the wind and waves from the ocean wore away the limestones, resulting in caves then sea arches to form. As the tops of the arches collapsed, this led to multiple stacks of rocks standing on their own. Whilst all this had happened, the geographical processes of weathering and erosion had occurred. The harsh and extreme weather conditions was a major part, gradually eroding the limestone s to form caves in the cliff. Therefore, the geographical processes that created the 12 Apostles include, Weathering and Erosion. A white board with writing on it Description automatically generated