GEO-120_LECTURE-1_CONTROL-SURVEYING.pdf

ENGINEERING SURVEYS GEO 120 Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology Geodetic Engineering  LECTURE 1 CONTROL SURVEYING Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering...

ENGINEERING SURVEYS GEO 120 Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology Geodetic Engineering  LECTURE 1 CONTROL SURVEYING Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering OUTLINE: What is Control Surveying? General types of Control Surveying Horizontal Control Survey Vertical Control Survey Types of Control Survey Geodetic Control Survey Project Control Survey Accuracy Standard and Specifications Triangulation System Adjustment of Chain of Triangles Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  WHAT IS CONTROL SURVEYING? Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering WHAT IS CONTROL SURVEYING? It is a method of surveying and mapping that uses a set of standard survey points as reference points for all subsequent surveys. These control points are established before the primary survey work is started, and are typically placed in locations that are easily identifiable and can be used as reference points for all subsequent surveys. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering WHAT IS CONTROL SURVEYING? It is referred to as the determination of the precise position of a number of stations which are distributed over a large area. The established stations of the system serve as the basis for originating of checking other subordinate surveys. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering WHAT IS CONTROL SURVEYING? Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEYS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY This type of control survey is used to measure the position of the points in the horizontal plane. The surveyor will measure and record the coordinates of the points in the x and y directions. It is used to establish the horizontal position of points in a survey network and also used to measure distances and angles between points and to establish the relative positions of points in a plane. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY The field procedures used in horizontal control surveys includes: ▪ CONTROL BY TRAVERSING A series of horizontal distances and directions are observed to connect points whose positions are to be determined. It consist of closed polygons with most of the sides and angles measured directly in the field. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY ▪ CONTROL BY TRIANGULATION When a large area is to be surveyed and where the methods of traversing would not be expected to maintain a uniform high accuracy over the entire area, triangulation as a form of horizontal control is specified. It consist of networks of geometric figures with almost all of the angles measured directly in the field and with relatively few of sides, measured. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY ▪ CONTROL BY TRILATERATION The lengths of the sides of a series of triangles are measured and the angles from the lengths. It is the most accurate of the three methods of establishing horizontal control because distances are measured more accurately than angles. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY Triangulation Surveys will usually be the choice in mountainous or hilly country where stations can be located for long intervisible sights. In flat, open terrain, or where stations need to be closer together, traverse surveys would be more suitable. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  VERTICAL CONTROL SURVEYS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ VERTICAL CONTROL SURVEY This type of control survey is used to measure the elevation of the points in the survey area. The surveyor will measure and record the coordinates of the points in the z-direction. The main objective is the establishment of a network of reference bench marks. The elevations of these bench marks are determined usually with respect to mean sea level or some other preferred datum. It may be run either by barometric, trigonometric, or differential leveling. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ VERTICAL CONTROL SURVEY Barometric leveling is well suited for reconnaissance surveys where approximate elevations are required. When the stations are located on high and commanding points, trigonometric leveling is often used when transferring elevations from precise leveling circuits to selected triangulation stations. Differential leveling is best run over level or gently sloping terrain. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering GENERAL TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEYS (DAO 2007-29 & DMC 2010-13) Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY It shall refer to the surveys conducted covering extensive areas which take into account the curvature and the geoid-spheroidal shape of the earth at sea level for the purpose of establishing basic network of reference points, covering the first and second order controls. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering TYPES OF CONTROL SURVEY ▪ PROJECT CONTROL SURVEY It shall refer to the surveys conducted to establish the positions of points of reference for projects with a limited geographic coverage such as a municipality, a large isolated tract of land, a group settlement, a barangay or group of municipalities, covering primary control (third order), secondary control (fourth order) and tertiary control. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS (DAO 2007-29 &DMC 2010-13) Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ PROJECT CONTROL SURVEY Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ GEODETIC CONTROL MONUMENTS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ GEODETIC CONTROL MONUMENTS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ PROJECT CONTROL MONUMENTS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ PROJECT CONTROL MONUMENTS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ MARKINGS OF REFERENCE MONUMENTS They shall be marked on top with engraved letters and shall consist of five (5) parts namely: Provincial Code Control Point Number Year Established Order of Accuracy Office or entity that established the Reference Monument Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ TRAVERSE Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ TRAVERSE Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ TRAVERSE Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ TRIANGULATION Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY MONUMENTS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION BARANGAY BOUNDARY MONUMENTS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION STANDARD LOT CORNER MONUMENTS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION PRINCIPAL MINERAL LAND CORNER Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION OTHER CORNERS OF MINERAL LAND Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION PERMANENT MAJOR BOUNDARY MONUMENT (FOREST BOUNDARY MONUMENT) Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION PERMANENT INTERMEDIATE BOUNDARY MONUMENT (FOREST BOUNDARY MONUMENT) Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ACCURACY STANDARD AND SPECIFICATIONS ▪ OTHER MONUMENT AND MARKING ILLUSTRATION PRELIMINARY FOREST BOUNDARY MARKING Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  TRIANGULATION SYSTEM Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering WHAT IS TRIANGULATION SYSTEM? It consists of a network of connected triangles which adjoin or overlap each other. There are different geometric figure arrangements used to form this systems, which can be used for a particular survey. The commonly used types include: ▪ Chain of single and independent triangles ▪ Chain of quadrilaterals formed with overlapping triangles ▪ Chain of polygons or central-point figure ▪ Chain of polygons each with an extra diagonal Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering WHAT IS TRIANGULATION SYSTEM? CHAIN OF QUADRILATERALS CHAIN OF TRIANGLES CHAIN OF POLYGONS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  ADJUSTMENT OF CHAIN OF TRIANGLES Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ADJUSTMENT OF CHAIN OF TRIANGLES In the adjustment of measured quantities in triangulation, two basic objectives are the removal of inconsistencies and the prevention of error accumulation. The adjustment of triangulation data may be undertaken by the exact method (method of least squares) or by approximate method. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ADJUSTMENT OF CHAIN OF TRIANGLES BY APPROXIMATE METHOD ▪ STATION ADJUSTMENT The objective of this adjustment is to make the sum of the angles about each station equal to 360 degrees. If the sum of both interior and exterior, is not equal to 360 degrees, an adjustment is made by determining the difference between 360 degrees and the sum of the measured angle. The resulting difference is then divided by the number of angles about the station, and the quantity determined is added algebraically to each angle. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ADJUSTMENT OF CHAIN OF TRIANGLES BY APPROXIMATE METHOD ▪ FIGURE ADJUSTMENT This adjustment which is performed only after station adjustment, uses the values obtained on the first adjustment. It requires that the sum of the angles for each triangle should equal to 180 degrees. In the process of adjustment, the angles of each triangle are added together and their sum is subtracted to 180 degrees. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  SAMPLE PROBLEMS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 1: For the given chain of triangles shown in the accompanying figure and tabulations, perform the station and figure adjustments by approximate method. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 1: Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 2: For the given chain of triangles shown in the accompanying figure and tabulations, perform the station and figure adjustments by approximate method. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 2: Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  ADJUSTMENT OF A QUADRILATERAL Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering ADJUSTMENT OF A QUADRILATERAL ▪ ANGLE CONDITION o FIGURE ADJUSTMENT a. The sum of the interior angles should be equal to 360°. b. Opposite angles on the intersection of the diagonals must be equal. ▪ SIDE CONDITION o the sine of each angle should be proportional to the length of the opposite side of that triangle Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering  SAMPLE PROBLEMS Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 3: The observed angles of a quadrilateral, after station adjustment are given in the accompanying tabulation and sketch. Adjust these angles by use of both the angle and side equations. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 3: Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 4: The observed angles of a quadrilateral, after station adjustment are given in the accompanying tabulation and sketch. Adjust these angles about each station by approximate method. After the station adjustments are made, adjust the angles by use both the angle and side equation. Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 4: Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering SAMPLE PROBLEMS EXAMPLE 4: Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering REFERENCES: Soni, S.K. (2021). Surveying-II. First Edition. New Delhi. S.K. Kataria & Sons. Ghilani, C. (2018). Adjustment Computations: Spatial Data Analysis. Sixth Edition. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. La Putt, J. (2010). Higher Surveying. Second Edition. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store DENR Administrative Order No. 2007-29. Revised Regulations on Land Surveys DENR Memorandum Circular No. 2010-13. Adoption of the Manual on Land Survey Procedure Bulacan Agricultural State College Institute of Engineering and Applied Technology LECTURE 1: CONTROL SURVEYING Geodetic Engineering