Gender and Sexuality as a Social Reality PDF

Chapter 1: Understanding Gender and - Second Wave: Pay equality, reproductive Sexuality as a Social Reality rights, female sexuality. Key Concepts: - Third Wave: Redefining femininity, Key Concepts:...

Chapter 1: Understanding Gender and - Second Wave: Pay equality, reproductive Sexuality as a Social Reality rights, female sexuality. Key Concepts: - Third Wave: Redefining femininity, Key Concepts: celebrating differences, intersectionality. - Reproduction: The process of producing - Sex: Biological and physiological - Fourth Wave: Action-based movements, offspring. differences between males and females as deconstructing gender norms. - Primary Sex Characteristics: Present at determined by nature. - Gender Studies: birth (e.g., genitals). - Gender: Socially and culturally - A field of study concerned with how - Secondary Sex Characteristics: Emerge constructed differences between men and reproductive roles are interpreted and during puberty (e.g., breasts, facial hair). women. negotiated in society. - Gonads: Reproductive organs (ovaries in - Sexuality: Emotional and sexual attraction - Analyzing power relations in everyday females, testes in males). to a person. life. - Fertilization: The union of sperm and egg. - Gender Identity: How we see and - Challenging male-defined and - Conception: The moment of fertilization. experience ourselves (as a man, a woman, male-centered knowledge. - Pregnancy: The period of time from or neither). - Research Approaches in Gender Studies: conception to birth. - Transgender: Cases when a person's - Qualitative: Focuses on meanings and - Menstrual Cycle: Monthly cycle leading to biological sex does not align with one's interpretations of experiences. menstruation in the absence of pregnancy. gender identity. - Quantitative: Focuses on characterizing - Contraception: Methods to prevent - Heteronormativity: The phenomenon of populations and making generalizations. pregnancy. determining the normality of a behavior - Mixed Methods: Combining qualitative - Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): based on whether it conforms or not to the and quantitative methods. Diseases contracted through sexual expectations relative to one’s biological - Ethical Principles in Gender and Sexuality contact. sex. Research: - Intersex: Individuals with sex - Historical Origins of Gender Studies: - Informed Consent: Participants must be characteristics that do not fit typical male or - Early Civilizations: High regard for aware of the purpose and processes of the female categories. women, concept of divine feminine. study. - Nature vs. Nurture: The debate on the - Agricultural Era: Discovery of paternity, - Confidentiality and Anonymity: Protecting influence of genetics and environment on shift in power dynamics. participant information and identity. behavior. - Industrial Era: Intensification of gender - Non-maleficence and Beneficence: - Reproductive System: disparity, rise of patriarchy. Ensuring no harm and maximizing benefits. - Patriarchy: A social system where men - Distributive Justice: Ensuring fairness and - Female: primarily hold power in the political and benefits for all groups. - External Genitalia: Clitoris, labia majora, private spheres. labia minora, vaginal opening. - Women Empowerment: Chapter 2: Biomedical Perspective on - Internal Structures: Ovaries, fallopian - First Wave: Women's suffrage movement. Gender and Sexuality tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina. E.DRML - Male: - Intimacy & Relationship: Bonds formed - External Genitalia: Penis, scrotum. through communication and interaction. - Visual Experience: Importance of physical - Internal Structures: Testes, epididymis, - Socialization: The process of learning attractiveness, gender differences in visual vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles. cultural norms and traditions. stimuli and arousal. - Causes of Intersex: - Well-being: A state of satisfaction, - Olfactory Experience: Role of meaning, and purpose. pheromones and MHC in attraction. - Chromosomal Level Inconsistencies: - Objective Well-being: Observable and - Tactile Experience: Touch as an element Abnormal sex chromosome complement measurable elements in our environment. of intimacy and meaning. (e.g., Turner's Syndrome, Klinefelter's - Subjective Well-being: Personal - Auditory Experience: Verbal cues and Syndrome, Jacob's Syndrome, Triple X experience of satisfaction and purpose. expressions of affection. Syndrome). - Sensorium: The totality of our sensory - Sexual Behaviors: - Hormonal Level Inconsistencies: experiences and perception. Abnormal hormone activity (e.g., - Pheromones: Chemical molecules that - Auto-erotic: Self-directed. Adrenogenital Syndrome, Androgen trigger specific responses in other - Homo-erotic: Same-sex. Insensitivity Syndrome, Fetally individuals. - Hetero-erotic: Other-sex. Androgenized Females, DHT-Lacking - Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): - Copulation: Insertion of the penis into the Males). Genes that code for proteins that help the vagina. immune system recognize foreign - Oral Stimulation: Fellatio (oral stimulation Chapter 3.1: Psychosocial Perspective substances. of the penis), cunnilingus (oral stimulation of Gender & Sexuality - Sexual Behavior: Actions with sexual of the vagina). intention and context. - Anal Sex: Stimulation or penetration of Key Concepts: - Erotic: Related to sexual stimulation. the anal orifice. - Sexual Response Cycle: Sequence of - Kaplan's Model of Sexual Response: - Psychosocial: Associated with mental events from arousal to orgasm to processes, behaviors, and human resolution. - Desire: Motivation for sexual activity. relationships. - Sexual Dysfunction: Problems during any - Arousal: Physiological changes - Reproductive Roles: Social scripts related phase of the sexual response cycle. associated with sexual excitement. to child-bearing and child-rearing. - Copulatory Behavior: Related to the - Orgasm: Peak of sexual pleasure and - Productive Roles: Social scripts related to insertion of the penis into the vagina. release of tension. economic production and public affairs. - Paraphilia: Arousal from non-living - Sexual Response Dysfunctions: - Self-Awareness: Conscious objects or nonconsenting persons. understanding of one's own gender, - Paraphilic Disorder: When paraphilic - Desire Disorders: Low desire or aversion sexuality, and identity. urges cause significant distress or to sexual activities. - Other-Awareness: Understanding others' impairment. - Arousal Disorders: Difficulty achieving perspectives and experiences. - Human Senses and Sexuality: physiological states for copulation. E.DRML - Orgasmic Disorders: Difficulty achieving - Gender Stereotypes: Fixed beliefs or - Prejudice: Unjustified attitudes towards orgasm. images about men and women. individuals based on group membership. - Pain Disorders: Pain during sexual - Gender Discrimination: Unequal - Discrimination: Unequal treatment based activity. treatment based on sex. on group membership. - Paraphilias: - Gender Role Socialization: The process - Processes of Learning Gender Bias in the of learning and internalizing culturally Family: - Exhibitionism: Arousal from exposing approved ways of thinking, feeling, and one's genitals to non-consenting people. behaving according to one’s gender. - Manipulation: Treating boys and girls - Fetishism: Arousal from non-living - Agents of Socialization: Family, peers, differently. objects. school, workplace, mass media, church. - Canalization: Directing attention to - Frotteurism: Arousal from touching or - Role Set: A number of roles attached to a gender-appropriate objects. rubbing one's body or genitals against a single status. - Verbal Appellation: Using words to tell non-consenting person. - Role Conflict: Incompatible demands children what they are. - Pedophilia: Arousal from prepubescent within a single status. - Activity Exposure: Familiarizing children children. - Role Strain: Stress from not being able to with gender-appropriate tasks. - Sexual Masochism: Arousal from being meet the demands of social roles. - Gender Roles and Social Control: humiliated, beaten, or bound. - Role Exit: Disengaging from social roles - Sexual Sadism: Arousal from inflicting central to one's identity. - Family, language, school, church, and pain on others. - Marginalization: Process of forcing media reinforce and maintain gender roles. - Transvestic Fetishism: Arousal from women to the periphery of economic and wearing clothing of the opposite sex during social life. Chapter 3.3: LGBTQIA+ sexual activities. - Subordination: Institutionalized - Voyeurism: Observing other people domination of women by men. Key Concepts: engaged in sexual activities. - Multiple Burden: Involvement in reproduction, production, and community - LGBTQIA+: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Chapter 3.2: Gender Socialization work. Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, - Violence Against Women: Acts of instilling and other sexual orientations and gender Key Concepts: fear and inflicting pain on women. identities. - Gender Sensitivity: Ability to recognize - SOGIE: Sexual Orientation, Gender - Socialization: Lifelong process of learning gender issues, different perspectives, and Identity, and Gender Expression. to become a member of society. interests. - Sexual Orientation: Emotional and sexual - Gender Socialization: Learning and - Stereotypes, Prejudice, and attraction to another person. internalizing culturally approved gender Discrimination: - Gender Identity: How a person identifies roles. - Stereotypes: Inaccurate views or opinions their gender. about a group of people. E.DRML - Gender Expression: How a person - Masculinities and Well-being: Conforming presents their gender. to rigid notions of masculinity can - Cisgender: Gender identity matches negatively impact men's mental and assigned sex at birth. physical health. - Non-binary: Gender identity that does not - Family Formation, Fathering, Caregiving, fit into the binary of male or female. and Domestic Roles: Men's involvement in - Transgender: Gender identity differs from domestic roles is increasing, but traditional assigned sex at birth. gender roles still influence expectations. - Androgynous: Gender expression that is - Masculinities, Alcohol, and Drug Abuse: not distinctly male or female. Substance use can be a way for men to - Importance of SOGIE: construct a masculine identity. - Protest Masculinity: Extreme forms of - Understanding individuals' SOGIE sex-typed behavior, often rooted in feelings promotes empathy and inclusivity. of powerlessness and insecurity. - SOGIE is a catalyst for human rights. - Caring Masculinity: Masculine identities - SOGIE promotes understanding of the that embrace care, empathy, and relational diversity of sexual orientation and gender qualities. identity. Chapter 3.4: Men and Masculinities Key Concepts: - Masculinity: Socially, culturally, and historically constructed. - Hegemonic Masculinity: Dominant form of masculinity that embodies cultural authority and leadership. - Multiple Masculinities: Different expressions of masculinity based on factors like class, ethnicity, sexuality, age, and disability. - Collective Masculinity: Informal power dynamics where men collectively have power over women. E.DRML