Gender and Society Midterms PDF

GENDER AND SOCIETY -Introduction \>Sexual dimorphism - Sex as a distinction between two physically and genetically discrete categories of people \>Sex assignment - process of identifying a person as a male or a female \>Sexuality - Diversity of sexual behavior; understanding human sexual respons...

GENDER AND SOCIETY -Introduction \>Sexual dimorphism - Sex as a distinction between two physically and genetically discrete categories of people \>Sex assignment - process of identifying a person as a male or a female \>Sexuality - Diversity of sexual behavior; understanding human sexual response; identifying sexual orientation \>Gender -Enacted or done -Social construct-attachment of social and cultural meanings System of practices -Dimension of distribution of social resources \>Gendered biases include: Sexism -- prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination Gender pay gap Under representation in politics, military and executive positions Rape on women and stigma Very conservative expectations on women Sexualized depictions of women in fiction Women do more housework and childcare Men are trained to be leaders \>Gender as a Social Structure -Individual: Material - body -Interactional: Material - access to social network -Macrolevel: Material - Institutional rules (legal system) -Individual: Cultural - gender socialization -Interactional: Cultural - cultural stereotyping;expectations -Macrolevel:Cultural - Institutional logics (home and economy) \>Gender Identity -One's sense of oneself- as a male, female, or other else \>Sexual Orientation -Emotional and sexual attraction to a person Heterosexuals or straight -- attracted to the opposite sex Homosexuals or gays/lesbians -- attracted to people of the same sex Bisexuals -- attracted to both sexes \>Sex roles -Patterns of behavior and attitude associated with being a male or female THE GENDERBREAD PERSON - Identity -- how you personally experience and define your own gender - Attraction -- the way you're drawn (or not drawn) towards other people - Sex -- your body/anatomy or physical traits - Expression -- how you choose to share your thoughts and feelings about your gender, and how this is viewed by society[\ ](https://www.midlandheart.org.uk/the-genderbread-person/#img-b9cc09d2-e6c8-4e1c-a810-dad9fb562928) \>Elements of Society -Members -Culture -History -Social system -Territory -Sense of identity and belongingness -Language THE BIOLOGICAL MALE A. Parts of the Male External Genetalia - Penis - The male organ responsible for urination and sexual intercourse, contains the urethra, which carries both urine and semen. - Scrotum - sac below the penis that holds the testicles and regulates their temperature for sperm production. - Testicles - male gonads, responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. -Testosterone is a hormone produced by the male sex gland called the testes. - Epididymis - carries and stores the sperm your testicles created, also brings the sperm to maturity. - Vas deferens - carries and transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, also known as "ductus deferens" B. Male Internal Reproductive Organs - Seminal Vesicle - two glands located behind the bladder and abovethe prostate gland. They produce a significant portion of the fluid that makes up semen. - Prostate Gland - small gland located below the bladder that produces a fluid that nourishes and helps transport sperm. - Urethra - tube through which both urine and semen exit the body - Urine Passage - carries urine from the bladder and regulates its flow - Semen Passage - during ejaculation, it transports semen, which contains sperm mixed with fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. Puberty Puberty is the stage when individuals become sexually mature and develop adult sexual features. In boys, it typically occurs between ages 10 and 14, but can start as early as 9 or as late as 16. C. Male Secondary Sex Characteristics - Secondary sexual characteristics are traits influenced by hormones during puberty, typically developing about two years earlier in females than in males. \- Facial and chest hair \- Vocal changes \- Increased body hair \- Pelvic build (lack of rounded hips) \- Upper body muscular build \- Faster muscle mass development than females STAGES OF PUBERTY 1. Early Stage 2. Onset of Puberty 3. Mid-Puberty 4. Advanced Puberty 5. Full Development Physical and Emotional Changes During Puberty - Physical Changes -Facial and Body Hair Growth -Adam\'s Apple Development -Growth Spurt -Genital Growth -Penis grows -Grow taller - Emotional Changes -IncreasedSensitivity -Sexual Awareness -More Self-Conscious -Body Image Concerns -Irritable, sad and depressed - Male Hormones Testosterone - helps to develop male features Other Types of Hormones: -Luteinizing Hormone -Androgens -Cortisol -Prolactin -Thyroxine -Testosterone -Oestrogen - Hormonal Imbalance - excess or deficiency in the levels of hormones in the body, which can disrupt normal physiological functions. - Imbalances can occur due to variety of factors, such as: -Aging -Obesity -Stress -Injuries -Substance Abuse -Nutrition -Environmental Factors - How to Maintain Balanced Hormones -Regular Exercise -Adequate Sleep -Healthy Diet -Stress Management -Limiting Alcohol and Avoiding Substance Abuse THE BIOLOGICAL FEMALE - An individual whose biological sex is assigned female at birth. Parts of the Female External Genitalia -Prepuce - Protective fold of skin covering the clitoris. -Labia minora - Inner folds that protect the vaginal and urethral openings. -Labia majora - Outer folds that protect the genital area. -Bartholin glands - Secrete fluid to lubricate the vagina. Clitoris - Provides sexual pleasure. Urethra - Allows urine to exit the body. Vaginal introitus - The opening to the vagina. Perineum - Area between the vagina and anus, involved in childbirth. Anus - Excretes waste from the body. - Female Internal Reproductive Structures Ovary - Produces eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen, progesterone). Cervix - Connects the uterus to the vagina; allows menstrual flow and sperm entry. Vagina - Birth canal; receives penis during intercourse; passage for menstrual flow. Fallopian tube - Transports eggs from the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization. -Uterus - holds and nourishes a developing fetus; sheds its lining during menstruation. - The Menstrual Cycle a recurring series of hormonal changes and physical processes that prepares the woman\'s body for potential pregnancy. It typically lasts between 21 and 35 days, with an average of 28 days. - Stages of Menstrual Cycle 1. 2. 3. 4. - Female Hormones and Well-being also considered as sex hormones, plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Primary Female Hormones Estrogen Progestosterone Other Hormones: FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) LH (Luteinizing Hormone) - Primary Female Secondary Sex Characteristics Breast Development Pubic Hair Underarm Hair Widening of the Hips Menstruation Changes in body shape Voice changes Increased Body Fat kayo na bahala mag-add auq na :P