Genes 1: Structure of Chromosome and Inheritance - Case 2.1 PDF

**[Genes 1: Structure of the chromosome and patterns of inheritance - Case 2.1]**  - - -  **Transcription** - **Translation** -  **Genetic Code** **Genetic inheritance:** - Trait determined by one set of a...

**[Genes 1: Structure of the chromosome and patterns of inheritance - Case 2.1]**  - - -  **Transcription** - **Translation** -  **Genetic Code** **Genetic inheritance:** - Trait determined by one set of alleles or a specific gene and two alleles (Mendelian inheritance) - - - \>1 gene (non-Mendelian) Shows continuous variation - Influenced by 1+ gene + environmental factors **Mutations** Germ-line mutation = passed through gametes to next gen (every cell has mutation) Somatic mutation = occurs in particular cell and cant be passed on - -  - - Larger mutations -  **Epigenetics** Explains stable, heritable traits that are not explained by genetic sequence Conveyed through modification of DNA structure Chemical mods of DNA and proteins Can be due to environmental factors Reversible No change to DNA sequence  **DNA Methylation** - - Hypermethylation of CpG islands = inhibits transcription Hypomethylation = activation of transcription **Histone modification** = pos chargers nuclear proteins -  **Non coding RNA** = cluster of RNAs that dont encode functional proteins Eg: - - - - **Terms:** Genotype = HH or Hh Phenotype = manifestation of genotype Alleles = Alternative forms of the same gene found at the same place on a chromosome Homozygous = two of the same alleles Heterozygous = two different alleles