Introduction to Embryology PDF

Introduction to Embryology Embryology The study of the origin and development of an organism.  1. Fertilization. Embryology 2. Cleavage. Sequence of 3. Gastrulation. Events: 4. Organogenesis.  Gametes In human, sperm 22 somatic chromosomes + 1...

Introduction to Embryology Embryology The study of the origin and development of an organism.  1. Fertilization. Embryology 2. Cleavage. Sequence of 3. Gastrulation. Events: 4. Organogenesis.  Gametes In human, sperm 22 somatic chromosomes + 1 sex chromosome (X or Y). In human, ovum 22 somatic chromosomes + 1 sex chromosome (X). After fertilization, zygote is either contain 44 somatic chromosome + (XX or XY). Sperm Consists of Head, Middle piece and Tail.  Sperm Head: includes the nucleus + haploid chromosomes, including lysosomes with lytic enzymes and cytoplasm. Middle piece: Centrioles + Mitochondria (Provide energy for tail movement). Tail: Made of microtubules and microfilaments.  Ovum Consists of a nucleus with haploid no. of chromosomes surrounded by a clear area and cytoplasm. Fertilization Sperm fusion with an ovum leads to embryo development within the body of the female. Steps in Fertilization Contact between sperm and egg. Entry of sperm into egg. Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei. Activation of development.  Zygote Diploid cell results from sperm and ovum fertilization.