General Histology Lecture 15: Cartilage PDF

General Histology Lecture 15: Cartilage Your Name: 1. What type of tissue is cartilage classified as? A. Connective tissue B. Nervous tissue C. Muscle tissue D. Epithelial tissue 2. Which of the following types of cartilage does not have a perichondrium? A. Hyaline cartilage B....

General Histology Lecture 15: Cartilage Your Name: 1. What type of tissue is cartilage classified as? A. Connective tissue B. Nervous tissue C. Muscle tissue D. Epithelial tissue 2. Which of the following types of cartilage does not have a perichondrium? A. Hyaline cartilage B. All types of cartilage have a perichondrium C. Elastic cartilage D. Fibrocartilage 3. What is the primary function of cartilage in the joints? A. To facilitate smooth movement of bones B. To provide nutrients to the bones C. To store fat and energy D. To produce synovial fluid 4. How do chondrocytes receive nutrients? A. By active transport from the cartilage matrix B. By diffusion from surrounding connective tissue C. Through direct blood supply from the perichondrium D. Through synovial fluid in joints 5. What major component is found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage? A. Collagen type I B. Proteoglycans and GAGs C. Elastic fibers only D. Adipocytes 6. Which of the following statements is true regarding the perichondrium? A. It is composed entirely of chondrocytes B. It is avascular like cartilage C. It nourishes cartilage through direct blood supply D. It is present only in elastic cartilage 7. Where can hyaline cartilage be typically found in the body? A. In the knee joint B. In the respiratory tract C. In the tendons D. In the skin 8. What role does cartilage play in the development of long bones? A. It prevents bone fractures B. It mediates growth before and after birth C. It acts as a sensory organ D. It supports blood cell production 9. What substance primarily contributes to the semi-rigid consistency of cartilage? A. Type II collagen fibrils B. Elastin fibers C. Water bound to hyaluronan and GAGs D. Collagen type I fibers 10. Which type of matrix contains abundant proteoglycans and less collagen surrounding chondrocytes? A. Hydrated matrix B. Perterritorial matrix C. Interterritorial matrix D. Territorial matrix 11. Aggrecan is primarily composed of which type of side chains? A. Hyaluronic acid B. Glucosamine and galactosamine C. Pectin and alginate D. Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate 12. What is the primary function of chondronectin in cartilage matrix? A. To mediate the adherence of chondrocytes to the ECM B. To bind collagen type I to GAGs C. To enhance proteoglycan production D. To provide tensile strength to cartilage 13. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cartilage matrix? A. Proteoglycans B. Type II collagen fibrils C. Hyaluronan D. Fibroblasts 14. The structure that binds non-covalently to hundreds of proteoglycans in cartilage is known as what? A. Hyaluronic acid B. Collagen type I C. Elastin fibrils D. Glycoproteins 15. Which type of fibers are predominantly found in the cartilage matrix? A. Type II collagen fibrils B. Type I collagen fibrils C. Elastic fibers D. Reticular fibers 16. What is the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the cartilage matrix? A. Providing mechanical strength B. Facilitating cell adhesion C. Binding water and enabling resistance to compression D. Stabilizing collagen structure 17. What distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage? A. Presence of a perichondrium B. Lack of resilience C. Abundant network of elastic fibers D. Higher density of collagen type I fibers 18. Which staining method is used to demonstrate the elastic fibers in elastic cartilage? A. Orcein stain B. Hematoxylin and eosin stain C. Silver stain D. Masson's trichrome stain 19. In which of the following locations would you typically find elastic cartilage? A. Pubic symphysis B. Intervertebral disks C. Auricles of the ear D. Tendons 20. What characterizes the structure of fibrocartilage? A. Dispersed chondrocytes among type I collagen fibers B. High vascularity C. Presence of a distinct perichondrium D. Increased flexibility compared to other cartilages 21. Which component is NOT a characteristic of elastic cartilage? A. Elastic fibers B. Type II collagen fibrils C. Dense regular connective tissue D. Resilience and pliability 22. What role do the type I collagen fibers play in fibrocartilage? A. Facilitating nutrient diffusion B. Contributing to tensile strength C. Supporting cell proliferation D. Providing flexibility 23. Which tissue type lacks a distinct surrounding perichondrium? A. Dense connective tissue B. Fibrocartilage C. Elastic cartilage D. Hyaline cartilage 24. What functional characteristic is attributed to both elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage? A. Presence of a perichondrium B. Contribution to growth during adolescence C. Support for movement of joints D. Ability to resist compressive forces 25. What is the function of the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium? A. It aids in the differentiation of chondrocytes. B. It facilitates nutrient diffusion to the cartilage matrix. C. It is primarily responsible for cartilage cell division. D. It produces collagen type II fibers. 26. Which cell type is derived from chondrogenic cells and actively synthesizes cartilage matrix? A. Fibroblasts B. Chondrogenic cells C. Chondrocytes D. Chondroblasts 27. What characterizes chondrocytes within the cartilage matrix? A. They cannot undergo further division. B. They are trapped in lacunae after differentiation. C. They are primarily found in the outer layer of the perichondrium. D. They are the earliest form of cartilage cells. 28. In which cellular arrangement do chondrocytes often appear due to mitotic divisions? A. Fibroblast networks B. Lacunar formations C. Isogenous groups D. Basophilic clusters 29. What structural feature is observed in chondrocytes during routine histological preparation? A. They disintegrate and lose their structure. B. They may shrink and appear irregular. C. They retain their shape without alteration. D. They swell and appear larger. 30. What types of fibers are primarily contained in the outer layer of the perichondrium? A. Collagen type I fibers B. Elastin fibers C. Collagen type II fibers D. Reticular fibers 31. What type of cellular structures do chondrocytes typically exhibit in their cytoplasm? A. Ribosomes and nucleoplasm B. Nucleus and smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Mitochondria and RER D. Nucleolus and lysosomes 32. Where are chondrogenic cells primarily located within the perichondrium? A. In the outer fibrous layer B. In the inner cellular layer C. Surrounding mature chondrocytes D. Deep within the matrix 33. What are the main characteristics of chondrocytes in fibrocartilage? A. They are mostly clustered in large aggregates. B. They produce primarily type I collagen. C. They are dispersed among collagen fibers in various arrangements. D. They are only found in rows. 34. What distinguishes fibrocartilage from other types of cartilage? A. It contains a distinct perichondrium. B. It has no surrounding perichondrium. C. It forms only through interstitial growth. D. It is primarily composed of type I collagen. 35. What initiates appositional growth of cartilage? A. Formation of isogenous cell aggregates. B. Cell division of existing chondrocytes. C. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the perichondrium. D. Secretion of type II collagen by fibroblasts. 36. Which process describes the growth that occurs within an existing cartilage mass? A. Mesenchymal expansion. B. Interstitial growth. C. Appositional growth. D. Chondrogenesis. 37. How does the lack of perichondrium in fibrocartilage affect its growth? A. It allows both types of growth equally. B. It enhances the speed of cartilage formation. C. It limits growth to appositional processes only. D. It restricts the growth to interstitial processes only. 38. What type of collagen is predominantly produced by chondrocytes in fibrocartilage? A. Type IV collagen. B. Type III collagen. C. Type I collagen. D. Type II collagen. 39. What is the role of fibroblasts in the structure of fibrocartilage? A. They assist in the differentiation of mesenchymal cells. B. They replace chondrocytes as they die. C. They produce matrix components and provide tensile strength. D. They form the perichondrium surrounding the fibers. 40. What is the mechanism of cartilage formation from mesenchyme called? A. Chondrogenesis. B. Myogenesis. C. Osteogenesis. D. Fibrogenesis.