General anatomy of the abdomen I_ part 1.pdf

15/02/24 General anatomy of the abdomen I: part 1 Learning objective: de ne and identify the ser vice anatomy of the abdomen and the abdominal wall. Learning objective: describe the anatomy of the GI tract above the diaphragm – mouth, tongue, pharynx and oesophagus. Learning objective: discuss the g...

15/02/24 General anatomy of the abdomen I: part 1 Learning objective: de ne and identify the ser vice anatomy of the abdomen and the abdominal wall. Learning objective: describe the anatomy of the GI tract above the diaphragm – mouth, tongue, pharynx and oesophagus. Learning objective: discuss the gross anatomy of the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. Abdominopelvic cavity: Abdominal and pelvic cavity are continuous. Pelvic inlet separates the t wo cavities. Not separated by any speci c structure. The linea terminalis ( pelvic inlet ) creates a division bet ween the true and false pelvis. False pelvis found in the abdominal cavity. Different axis: 1. Axis of abdominal cavity vertical and in line with the trunk. 2. Axis of pelvic cavity in oblique plane. Anatomical landmarks: The superior boundary of the anterior abdominal wall is formed by several clearly palpable landmarks. Xiphoid process at the inferior sternum, in the midline. The coastal margins passing inferolaterally from the 7th costal cartilage at the xiphisternal joint to the tip of the 12th rib. The lowest part of the costal margin lies in the mid-axillary line and is formed by the inferior margin of the 10th costal cartilage. The inferior boundary of the anterior abdominal wall is formed from lateral to medial. The iliac crest, which descends to the anterior superior iliac spine; the inguinal ligament, which runs obliquely downwards to the pubic tubercle; and the pubic crest, which extends from the pubic tubercle laterally to the pubic symphysis in the midline. The pubic tubercle is palpable on the anterosuperior surface of the pubic bone approx 2cm lateral to the midline. The prominent tendon of adductor longus can therefore be used to verify this position. Muscles of 6 pack: Linea alba linear semilunar Rectus abdominus 0 umbilicus is Regions of the abdomen: 1. Hypochondriac/hypochondrium. 2. Epigastric. 3. Lumbar/ ank. 4. Umbilical. 5. Iliac/groin. 6. Hypogastric/pubic.