GEN CHEM WEEK 2 SESSION 1.pdf

GEN CHEM 1- Q1 WEEK 2 SESSION 1 TR. CARL  any substances that can no longer be separated into its components by chemical means. it contains only one kind of atom.  distinguished by the number of protons, neutrons and electrons that it possesses.  Variants of chemical ele...

GEN CHEM 1- Q1 WEEK 2 SESSION 1 TR. CARL  any substances that can no longer be separated into its components by chemical means. it contains only one kind of atom.  distinguished by the number of protons, neutrons and electrons that it possesses.  Variants of chemical elements that possess the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.  They share almost the same chemical properties, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties.  There are stable isotopes, which do not emit radiation, and there are unstable isotopes, which do emit radiation.  The radiation emitted is energetic and can be of different types, most often alpha (a), beta (b) and gamma (g).  The first 80 elements on the periodic table have stable isotopes.  Stable isotopes can be used to study land, humans, animals, insects and plants. For example, isotopes are used to map the migration path of butterflies and help protect the resources in their breeding environment.  They can also be used in agriculture. Using bio nitrogen fertilizers labelled with the nitrogen-15 stable isotope, scientists can track and determine how effectively crops are taking up the fertilizer.  they are also known as radioisotopes because of their ability to decay and emit radiation. Cobalt-60 Used in radiotherapy to treat various types of cancer. It emits gamma rays that can destroy cancer cells. Carbon-14 Used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of archaeologic al, geological, and hydrogeologic al samples. Uranium-238 and Uranium-235 Used in dating rocks and minerals through uranium-lead dating, providing insights into the age of the Earth and solar system. Uranium-235 Used as fuel in nuclear reactors for electricity generation through fission processes.  chemical substances made up of two or more elements that are chemically bound together in a fixed ratio. When the elements combine, some individual property of the elements is lost and the newly formed compound has new properties.  symbolic representation of the proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound.  displays the atoms of the molecule in the order they are bonded. depicts how the atoms are bonded to one another, for example single, double, and triple covalent bond.  valence shell electron pair repulsion model used to predict 3-D molecular geometry based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs among the atoms in a molecule or ion.  CHEMICAL STRUCTURAL COMPOUND FORMULA FORMULA SALT WATER METHYNE AMMONIA  formed when metal and non-metal interact. one atom donates an electron to the other atom, resulting in a positive and negative charge. held together by strong electrostatic forces and are usually found in nature as solids. ANION non-metal elements have negative charges CATION metal elements have positive charges  formed when two non-metal elements interact. two atoms share electrons. usually found in nature as gases or liquids and are held together by weak intermolecular forces. Direction: Identify what is being asked. These are any substances that can no longer be separated into its components. Unstable isotopes is also knows as __________. Identify the three types of radiation being emitted by an unstable isotope. These are non-metal elements whose charge are negative. These are metal elements whose charge are positive. List three (3) examples of an isotope. What are formed when two non-metals were combined together? What are formed when a non-metal and a metal were combined together? List three (3) examples of an isotope. It is the symbolic representation of a compound. These displays the atoms of the molecule in the order they are bonded. These model is used to predict 3-D molecular geometry based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs among the atoms in a molecule or ion.