GEN-001-P2-NOTES.pdf

MODULE 6 After (Paraphrased): Finance Secretary WRITING A COHESIVE PARAGRAPH Benjamin Diokno stressed that the Paragraph: government is actively pur...

MODULE 6 After (Paraphrased): Finance Secretary WRITING A COHESIVE PARAGRAPH Benjamin Diokno stressed that the Paragraph: government is actively pursuing economic - sequence of sentences all related to a recovery through vital reforms and single topic infrastructure investments. These efforts - length can vary (most common 5-6 are designed to enhance investor sentences: 1 topic; 1 claim; 3 supporting confidence and promote sustainable evidences; and 1 conclusion) growth. He also encouraged the private Steps in writing a Paragraph: sector to collaborate with the government  Brainstorm in overcoming the difficulties brought - Identify your topic (ex: University) about by the global economy. - Decide on your claim (ex: entering Summarizing the university is exciting) - rewrite the text in your own words in a - List the evidences ex: new topics, shorter form new experiences, closer to my - key notes: goals)  keep the author’s main ideas  Write your paragraph  avoid copying the author’s words - Sentence 1: topic  make it clear which ideas are yours and - Sentence 2: claim the author’s - Sentence 3, 4 & 5: evidences  give reference details - Last sentence: conclusion - ex: Original: Report on Renewable Energy ------------------------------------------------------------ Development: "Recent studies show that MODULE 7 the adoption of renewable energy sources, AVOIDING PLAGIARISM: PARAPHRASING such as solar and wind power, has AND SUMMARIZING significantly increased over the past Plagiarism: decade. This shift is driven by technological - presenting someone’s work as your own advancements, decreasing costs, and - copying and pasting without naming the growing awareness of climate change. author or source Governments around the world are - reasons: implementing policies to support a. Intellectual theft renewable energy projects, aiming to b. Breaking trust reduce greenhouse gas emissions and c. Reduced honor promote sustainable economic growth. d. Legal consequences Despite the progress, challenges remain, e. Academic dishonesty including the need for improved energy Paraphrasing: storage solutions and grid infrastructure." - rewrite the text in your own words Summary: Recent studies highlight a - key notes: significant rise in the use of renewable  keep the meaning energy, particularly solar and wind, over  change the words and the word order the last decade due to technological  give reference details improvements and lower costs. - ex: Before: Statement by Secretary Governments are enacting policies to boost Benjamin Diokno, Department of Finance: renewable projects and reduce emissions. “The government is taking steps to However, challenges like energy storage strengthen our economic recovery by and grid infrastructure still need to be implementing key reforms and investing in addressed. infrastructure. These measures are aimed --------------------------------------------------- at boosting investor confidence and ensuring long-term growth. We urge the private sector to continue working with us as we navigate the challenges posed by the global economic environment.” MODULE 8  Book: Last name, F.M. (Year, AVOIDING PLAGIARISM: QUOTATION AND Month, Date published). Title. REFERENCING City, State: Publisher Quotation: - Example: Paterno, M. E. (1993). The Girl - A direct quotation reproduces words Who Fell from the Sky: And Other Classic verbatim from another work or your Philippine Legends. Makati: Tahanan Books previously published work. for Young Readers. - Paraphrasing is preferred as it allows - Note: Titles of works should be italicized. integration into your paper’s context and - Common Knowledge: If information is writing style. widely known (e.g., major historical events, - When to Use Direct Quotations: famous people, geographic areas), it does  Reproducing an exact definition not need referencing. When in doubt,  An author expresses something provide a reference. memorably or succinctly ------------------------------------------------------------  Responding to specific wording (e.g., MODULE 9 direct statements). EXPLORING ESSAY  Guidelines: Essay:  Instructors, programs, editors, and - an output publishers may set limits on direct - piece of writing that expresses the author’s quotations. Consult them if thoughts, ideas, or arguments concerned about excessive quoting. - key elements:  Always include a full citation o Introduction (parenthetical or narrative) with the o Thesis statement/Main idea quotation, including page number o Body paragraphs or other location information (e.g., o Conclusion paragraph number). - forms: Referencing: o Narrative (tells a story) - Acknowledge the original writer and guide o Informative (inform/educate) the reader to the source of ideas. o Persuasive (convince) - Types of In-Text Citations: o Opinion (express viewpoint)  In-Text Citation: ------------------------------------------------------------  Example: Research by Jones and MODULE 9 Xiao (2014) shows that significant NARRATIVE ESSAY analysis has been carried out Narrative: relating to these specific human - story or compilation of events, experiences, resource management initiatives. or interactions  Parenthetical Citation: - often presented in a sequential manner  Example: There has been a - elements: significant amount of data that has o Setting (time and place) shown that these human resource o Characters (individuals involved) management initiatives have been o Plot (sequence of events or actions) thoroughly analyzed for o Conflict (problem or struggle of effectiveness (Jones & Xiao, 2014). character/s) - Reference List: - point of view: determines how the story is  Located at the end of the told essay/report, formatted in APA o First Person POV (uses “I”) style (American Psychological o Third Person POV (story told by an Association). “invisible author” and uses “he, she,  Format: it”)  Website: Last name, F.M. (Year, - literary device: technique used to add Month, Date published). Article depth title. Retrieved from URL o Simile (compares by using “like” or “as”)  o Metaphor (shows similarities MODULE 12 without using “like” or “as”) OPINION ESSAY o Personification (inanimate objects Facts vs. Opinions with human-like traits) - Facts: o Hyperbole (exaggeration of an o Definition: Statements that can be action or idea) proven true or false. o Onomatopoeia (word written the o Basis: Grounded in evidence that same as it sounds) can be verified through research or ------------------------------------------------------------ observation. MODULE 11 o Characteristics: Objective and INFORMATIVE ESSAY unbiased. Supported by data, Informative Essay: statistics, or documented evidence. - teaches people about facts - Opinions: - answers questions: who, what, where, o Definition: Statements that express when, why and how beliefs, feelings, or thoughts. - does not include opinions o Basis: Based on personal - forms: perspectives, preferences, or o Definition informative essay interpretations.  discusses the meaning, o Characteristics: Subjective and may characteristics, context or vary from person to person. Cannot situations be definitively proven true or false.  gives examples about the Opinion Essays: topic - Purpose: To express personal thoughts or o Compare and contrast informative feelings about a specific issue. essay - Structure:  highlights the similarities o Claim: Clearly state your position and differences about two (agree or disagree) on the issue. May or more topics propose a solution to the problem. o Process information essay o Evidence: Provide reasons to support  sequence, steps or outline your claim. Use examples, anecdotes, of a process or logical reasoning to strengthen your - sources: argument. o should be credible and reliable Examples of Opinion Essays: o can be printed or online (books, 1. Topic: Wearing Uniforms in College journals, videos, websites, etc.) Claim: Agree o must check the authority, accuracy, Evidence: objectivity, currency and the URL Neatness: Uniforms promote a tidy appearance. (Uniform Resource Locator): [ Identity: They help establish a sense of belonging “.edu” (educational institution); and community. “.com” (commercial used); “.gov” Equalizer: Uniforms reduce visible distinctions (government owned); “.org” between social classes. (organization)] ------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Topic: Wearing Uniforms in College Claim: Disagree Evidence: Restricts Creativity: Uniforms limit students’ ability to express themselves through clothing. Loss of Personality: They may hinder individuality and personal style. Loss of Freedom: Uniforms take away the choice of what to wear, affecting students' autonomy. MODULE 13 Understanding the Different Types of Persuasion 1. Pathos (Emotional Appeal):  Definition: Appeals to the audience's emotions.  Purpose: To evoke feelings that support the argument.  Techniques: Using emotional language, personal stories, and vivid imagery. 2. Logos (Logical and Evidence-Based Appeal):  Definition: Appeals to logic and reason through evidence.  Purpose: To persuade by presenting rational arguments and supporting data.  Techniques: Incorporating facts, statistics, studies, and structured reasoning. 3. Ethos (Ethical Appeal):  Definition: Appeals to the credibility or character of the speaker.  Purpose: To establish trust and authority.  Techniques: Highlighting expertise, experience, and moral integrity. 4. Kairos (Timeliness Appeal):  Definition: Appeals based on the opportune moment or context.  Purpose: To make the argument relevant and urgent.  Techniques: Timing the message to align with current events or trends. 5. Big Names (Authority Figures):  Definition: Leveraging the influence of well-known individuals.  Purpose: To enhance credibility through association.  Techniques: Citing endorsements or testimonials from respected figures.