GEC 107 STS L10-L11.pdf

THE INFORMATION AGE 5. The early word gets the perm Late 20th Century ̶ The early information that will be release or out...

THE INFORMATION AGE 5. The early word gets the perm Late 20th Century ̶ The early information that will be release or out to the public will be the first to get by the people. INTRODUCTION 6. You are what you eat and so is your brain. ̶ It is how you feed your mind with information. Highly modernized, automated, data-driven, and 7. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited technologically advanced – these best describe our ̶ E.g. Rico Yan’s tomb visited by many society nowadays, as evidenced by how information 8. Ideas are seen as controversial. could be transferred or shared quickly. ̶ E.g. If your express opinion, there will be bashers The information aged is defined as a “period starting ̶ E.g. War between religions in the last quarter of the 20ᵗʰ century when 9. Undead information walks ever on. information became effortlessly accessible through ̶ Whatever you post online, it will remain on the publications and through the management of internet even if you deleted it. information by computers and computer networks.” 10. Media presence creates the story The information age is also called the Digital Age and ̶ Stalking a person, what you see on social media the New Media Age because it was associated with the creates story. development of computers. 11. The medium selects the message ̶ It is the selection of language to your message. JAMES R. MESSENGER COMPUTER Known as the “Father of Information Age” who proposed the Theory of Information Age in 1982, A computer is an electronic device that stores and “the Information age is a true new aged based upon the processes data (information). It runs on a program interconnection of computers via telecommunications, that contains the exact, step – by - step directions to with basis. Furthermore, the primary factors driving solve a problem (UShistory org, 2017) this new age forward are convenience and user friendliness which, in turn, will create user TYPES OF COMPUTER dependence.” 1. PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC) Died at the age of 66; he works for telecommunication companies o It is a single-user instrument, PCs were first known as microcomputers since they were a complete computer As man evolved, information and its dissemination has also but built on a smaller scale than the enormous system evolved in many ways,. Eventually, we no longer kept them to operated by most businesses. ourselves; instead, we share them and manage them in different means. Information got ahead of us. It started to grow at a rate 2. DESKTOP COMPUTER we were unprepared to handle. Because of the abundance of information, it was difficult to collect and manage them starting o It is described as a PC that is not designed for in the 1960s and 1970s. portability. The assumption with a desktop is that it will be set up in a permanent spot. A workstation is RICHARD SAUL WURMAN simply a desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory, and enhanced called it “Information Anxiety.” In the 1990s, capabilities for performing special group of tasks, such information became the currency in the business as 3D graphics or game development. world. Information was the preferred medium of o More durable information exchange and the information managers served as information officers 3. LAPTOPS Information anxiety began between 1960s and 1970s, where people can’t handle information technology o These are portable computers that integrate the Wurman is also the founder of ted talks essentials of a desktop computer in a battery – powered package, which are somewhat larger than a “Truths of the Information Age” typical hardcover book. They are commonly called Robert Harris detailed some facts on the Information Age notebooks. 1. Information must compete. 4. PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS (PDAs) ̶ Information competing with other information. ̶ Information that are most read by people o These are tightly integrated computers that usually 2. Newer is equated with truer have no keyboards but rely on a touch screen for user ̶ With new information, people believed it is true input. PDAs are typically smaller than a paperback, than old ones. lightweight, and battery-powered. ̶ The newer the info, the truer for people. o Computer with no keyboards 3. Selection is a viewpoint 5. SERVER ̶ It is based on how you will see the information and how you will select it. It is based on the user o It refers to a computer that has been improved to on what information he wants to gain. provide network services to other computers. Servers 4. The media sells what the culture busy. usually boast powerful processors, tons of memory, ̶ what is the trend is what the culture is. and large drives. ̶ E.g. K-Pop culture GEC 107 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY 6. MAINFRAMES Nowadays, crimes in various forms are rampant because of the use of social media. Cyber bullying is an o These are huge computer systems that can fill an entire issue that poses alarm worldwide. room. They are used especially by large firms to describe the large, expensive machines that process APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH millions of transactions every day. The term “mainframe” has been replaced by enterprise server. One of the significant applications of computers for science and research is evident in the field of 7. WEARABLE COMPUTERS bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is the application if information technology to store, organize, and analyze o They involve materials that are usually integrated into was amount of biological data which is available in the cell phones, watches and other small objects or places. forms of sequences and structures of proteins – the They perform common computer applications such as building blocks of organisms and nucleic acids – the databases, email, multimedia, and schedulers. information carrier. THE WORLD WIDE WEB The human brain cannot store all the genetic Internet sequences of organisms and this huge amount of data can only be stored, analyzes, and be used efficiently Several historians trace the origin of the internet to with the use of computers. Claude F. Shannon, an American Mathematicians who SWISS-PROT protein sequence database, was initiated was considered as the “Father of Information in 1986. Theory”. He worked at Bell Laboratories and at age 32, Some of the software tools which are handy in the he published a paper proposing that information can analysis include: be quantitatively encoded as a sequence of ones and o BLAST (used for comparing sequences) zeroes o Annotator (an interactive genome analysis The internet is a worldwide system of interconnected tool) networks that facilitate data transmission among o GeneFinder (tool to identify coding regions innumerable computers. It was developed during the and splice sites) 1970s by the Department of Defense. In case of an The sequence information generated by the attack, military advisers suggested the advantage of human genome research initiated in 1988, has being able to operate on one computer from another now been stored as primary information source terminal. for future applications in medicine In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by Moreover, from the pharmaceutical industry’s scientists to communicate with other scientists. The point of view, bioinformatics is the key to rational Internet remained under government control until drug discovery. 1984. (Rouse, 2014). Molecular modelling, which requires a lot of One early problem faced by internet users was speed. calculations, has become faster due to the Phone lines could only transmit information at a advances in computer processors and its limited rate. The development of fiber optic cables architecture (Madan,n.d). allowed for billions of bits of information to be In plant biotechnology, bioinformatics is found to received every minute. be useful in the areas of identifying diseases genes Sergey Brin and Larry Page, directors of a Stanford and designing plants with high nutrition value research project, built a research engine that listed (Madan, n.d.). results to reflect page popularity when they determined that the most popular results to frequently HOW TO CHECK THE RELIABILITY OF WEB SOURCES? be the most usable. Google is now the world’s most The internet contains a vast collection of highly valuable popular search engine, accepting more than 200 information but it may also contain unreliable, biased million queries daily. information that mislead people. Back then, new forms of communication were also introduced. Electronic mail, or email, was a suitable Who is the author of the article/site? way to send a message to fellow workers, business How to find out? partners, or friends. Message could be sent and Look for an “About” or “More About the Author” link at received at the convenience of the individual. the top, bottom, or sidebar of the web page. If no A letter that took several days to arrive could be read information about the author(s) of the page is in minutes. Internet service providers like America provided, be suspicious. Online and CompuServe set up electronic chat rooms. One can also visit the university library and seek help These were open areas of cyberspace where interested from librarians as they are knowledgeable and in the parties could join in a conversation with perfect library has a rich collection of online library resources strangers. “Surfing the net” became a pastime in and of that are very useful for academic and research itself. purposes. Consequently, companies whose businesses are built on digitized information have become valuable and SUMMARY powerful in relatively short period of time; the current Information Age has spawned its own breed of wealthy Therefore, we need to carefully check our motives before influential brokers from Microsoft’s Bill Gates to disseminating information and we also need to verify Apple’s Steve Jobs to Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg. information before believing and using and sharing them. GEC 107 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY NANOTECHNOLOGY ̶ Samsung fold (electronic stretch) 5. Nanotechnology in Electronics NANO & TECHNOLOGY ̶ Flexible plastics ̶ Fabrication of chips A Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system, 6. Nanotechnology in Mobile equal to one billionth of a metre(10-9). ̶ Replacing resistors into carbon nanotubes Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of 7. Nanowires tools, machines and techniques, in order to solve a ̶ Coated with titanium dioxide problem or perform a specific function. ̶ They called it as memristor (a single component cell with large storage) DEFINITION ̶ Invented by Helwepp and Packart Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter ADVANTAGES OF USING CARBON NANOTUBES on an atomic scale. Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and Faster and smaller - carbon nanotubes can be used to engineering of the functional systems at very micro produce smaller and faster components. level or we can say at atomic level. ̶ Less consumption of electricity and less A Nanometer is one billionth of a meter, roughly the emission of heat width of three or four atoms. The average human hair This will also result in computers that consume less is about 25,000 nanometers wide. energy. High speed and high capacity memory. HISTORY Allows circuits to be more accurate on the atomic level. The first ever concept was presented in 1959 by the famous professor of physics Dr. Richard P. Feynman 8. Nanocrystalline Materials (novel prize for quantum mechanics) ̶ Used for cutting tools as erosion materials. Invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 9. Silver Nanocrystals 1981 and the discovery of fullerene(C60) in 1985 lead ̶ Embedded in bandages to kill bacteria. to the emergence of nanotechnology. 10. Nanoparticulate The term “Nano-technology" had been coined by Norio ̶ Used in synthetic bone (has still calcium and Taniguchi in 1974. phosphate) 11. Aerogels ̶ Lightest solid used in space suits and space crafts. 12. Photovoltaic battery 13. Carbon nanotubes 14. Nanorods 15. Nanodots POSSIBILITIES FOR THE FUTURE Nanotechnology may make it possible to manufacture lighter, stronger, and programmable materials. The future of nanotechnology could very well include TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY the use of nanorobotics. These nanorobots have the potential to take on human Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tasks as well as tasks that humans could never technique that enables the imaging of almost any type complete. of surface, including polymers, ceramics, composites, ̶ Fix the deflation of ozone layer glass and biological samples. It operates on the There would be an entire nano surgical field to help principle of surface sensing using an extremely sharp cure everything from natural aging to diabetes to bone tip on a micromachined silicon probe. spurs. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution PITFALLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. It is scanning probes that launched Nano-particles can get into the body through the skin, nanotechnology. lungs and digestive system. ̶ Possibly there will be cell damage. APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY Nano-particles are in the bloodstream. ̶ Can cross blood-brain barrier 1. Nanotechnology in Drugs (Cancer) The most dangerous Nano-application use for military ̶ Gives treatment to cancer purposes is the Nano-bomb. 2. Nanobots ̶ Spread out of viruses that can kill community ̶ Can clear blockages inside arteries 3. Nanotechnology in Fabrics Nanobots because of their replicating behavior can be ̶ Bulletproof jackets big threat for GRAY GOO. ̶ Anti-spill or dirt CONCLUSION 4. Nanotechnology in Mobile ̶ Non wire grass “The The Next Big Thing Is Really Small” GEC 107 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY