GE15 Environmental Science PDF

GE15: ENVRIONMENTAL SCIENCE L E C T U R E R : A L E X R O B E R T O  Rimberio Co LEARNING OBJECTIVES Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co...

GE15: ENVRIONMENTAL SCIENCE L E C T U R E R : A L E X R O B E R T O  Rimberio Co LEARNING OBJECTIVES Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co METALANGUAGE Rimberio Co S AV E E N V I R O N T M E N T CONTENT TODAY Introduction to Environmental Science History of Environmentalism Environmental Ethics Matter, Energy, and Life Biomes: Kinds of Ecosystem  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE The word “science” is simply an anglicized version of the Latin “Scientia," which means knowledge. Environment- it is defined as the circumstances surrounding an organism or group of organisms or the complex social or cultural conditions affecting each organism in the given biotic and abiotic community.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE It is the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. A highly interdisciplinary, integrating natural sciences, social sciences,and humanities in a broad, holistic study of the world around us.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE 1. Ecology. How does energy production affects populations? 2. Chemistry. How can we make better batteries? 3. Urban Planning. What urban designs can reduce energy use? 4. Sociology. How do people adopt new ideas?  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE 5. Political Science. Which policies lead to sustainable solutions? 6. Engineering. Can we design better vehicles? 7. Economics. What are the benefits and costs of energy sources? Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTALISM Encompasses environmental health, protection, ideology, philosophy, and social movement. Focuses on addressing the changing environment of the Earth. Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTALISM Began after the Industrial Revolution due to increased smoke pollution and chemical discharge. 1863: Britain’s Alkali Acts were passed to combat air pollution. 1898: Coal Smoke Abatement Society was established to address coal combustion and heavy smoke in industrial cities. Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTALISM Industrialization post-WWII led to significant economic development but also environmental degradation. Growing environmental consciousness led to the formation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1948. 1956: Clean Air Act was enacted following the Great Smog of London in 1952, aimed at limiting air pollution.  Rimberio Co MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT (1960-1970): 1961: World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was created to protect animals and habitats from human development. 1966: Green Revolution in Agriculture aimed to address the negative impacts of pesticide and fertilizer use, promoting environmentally friendly agricultural techniques.  Rimberio Co MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT (1960-1970): 1969: National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was established to ensure environmental health through policy and legislative action. 1970: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created to monitor and regulate activities impacting the environment. 1971: Greenpeace was founded as a campaign to stop American nuclear weapons tests, later expanding to broader environmental activism.  Rimberio Co ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE MOVEMENT (1980S) Is an international initiative aimed at promoting social, economic, and environmental justice by linking health and environmental issues. Focused on promoting social, economic, and environmental justice, particularly in low-income communities exposed to pollution.  Rimberio Co KEY ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCES AND PROTOCOLS: 1972: Stockholm 1997: Kyoto Protocol 1987: Montreal Protocol Conference (United focused on reducing on Substances that Nations Conference on the greenhouse gas emissions. Deplete the Ozone Human Environment). Layer. 1986: Chernobyl 1987: Brundtland Report 1992: Earth Summit 1992: Earth Summit disaster highlighted (Our Common Future) discussed socio-economic discussed socio-economic development and global environmental emphasized sustainable development and environmental protection. concerns. development. environmental protection.  Rimberio Co NEW MILLENNIUM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: 2000: Millennium 2002: World Summit on 2015: 17 Sustainable Development Goals Sustainable Development Development Goals (MDGs) set to be achieved focused on sustainable (SDGs) established to be by 2015. development and resource achieved by 2030. management. 2001: Stockholm Convention 2015: Paris Agreement aimed at 1992: Earth Summit on Persistent Organic limiting globaldiscussed greenhouse socio-economic gas development and Pollutants aimed at reducing emissions and environmental mitigating climate protection. harmful chemicals. change.  Rimberio Co ONGOING ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS: Global conferences continue to address environmental crises and promote sustainable approaches. Current concerns include plastic pollution, genetic engineering, global warming, overpopulation, etc.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS The study focuses on the ethical basis of environmental protection and explores the moral relationship between humans and the environment. It examines the value and moral status of the environment and its nonhuman elements.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS Ethical extension refers to the process of expanding the scope of moral consideration and ethical concern to include a broader range of entities, groups, or issues. In 2004, a study in Science revealed that fish feel pain, leading to public concern and debate about the ethics of fishing.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND PRINCIPLE 1. Profound respect for nature 2. Maintain a harmonious relationship with other species 3. Take responsibility for the impact on nature 4. Local and indigenous environmental knowledge should be respected 5. Plan for the long term  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT MATTER, ENERGY AND LIFE Matter It is anything that can occupy space and has a mass. Conservation of matter has a direct bearing on human relationship with the biosphere.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 1st Law: States that energy is conserved; that is, it is neither created nor destroyed under normal conditions. 2nd Law: States that, with each successive energy transfer or transformation in a system, less energy is available.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION A population consists of all the members of a species living in each area at the same time. Ecosystem is composed of a biological community and its physical environment.  Rimberio Co SAVE ENVIRONTMENT ENERGY FLOW THROUGH THE ECOSYSTEM Energy flow through an ecosystem involves the following key points: 1.Sunlight serves as the primary energy source. 2.Plants (producers) convert sunlight into energy-storing biomolecules through photosynthesis. 3.Consumers (animals) obtain energy by eating plants or other animals. 4.Decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling matter and nutrients. 5.Energy flow is unidirectional, generally from light to heat, and cannot be recycled. Rimberio Co ENERGY FLOW THROUGH THE ECOSYSTEM SAVE ENVIRONTMENT This inefficient energy chains are called ecological pyramids. Rimberio Co The environment must be maintained in order to protect the survival of life in the future.  Rimberio Co REFERENCES Ahmad, P., Ahanger, M., Alyemeni, M. & Alam, P., 2019. Photosynthesis, Productivity, and Environmental Stress. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. Guzman, R.S., 2018. Environmental Science: Towards a Sustainable Earth. Vibal Group, Quezon City, Philippines. Murray, D., 2017. The Global and the Local: An Environmental Ethics Casebook. Brill. Netherlands. Nadeem, F., Bhatti, A., Hanif, M., Tauqueer, H., 2020. Environmental Chemistry. A Comprehensive Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA. Scotford, E., 2017. Environmental Principles and the Evolution of Environmental Law. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. United Kingdom. Rimberio Co THANK YOU!