Structure and Function of Villus, Alveoli, and Tubules PDF
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Summary
This document explores the structure and function of various biological components, such as the villus, alveoli, and proximal convoluted tubule. It highlights the adaptations in their structures for their specific roles in processes like nutrient absorption, gas exchange, and waste filtration. The document discusses different layers and their functions, emphasizing the importance of structure-function relationships in biology.
Full Transcript
**Structure** **Villus** **Alveoli** **Proximal Convoluted Tubule** **Malpighian Body (Kidney)** **Surface Area** Finger-like projections with a large surface area covered in microvilli. Tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries with thin walls for easy gas exchange. The coiled tubular structu...
**Structure** **Villus** **Alveoli** **Proximal Convoluted Tubule** **Malpighian Body (Kidney)** **Surface Area** Finger-like projections with a large surface area covered in microvilli. Tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries with thin walls for easy gas exchange. The coiled tubular structure increases surface area for reabsorption. Part of the nephron is involved in filtering blood and initiating urine formation. **Permeability** Highly permeable to nutrients due to thin epithelial layer. Walls are thin (one cell thick) to facilitate gas exchange. Permeable to water, ions, and small molecules. Semi-permeable structures allow selective filtration based on size. **Capillary Networks** Rich capillary network to transport absorbed nutrients. Extensive capillary network to carry gases. Dense capillary network facilitating efficient reabsorption. High blood flow through the glomerulus for filtration. **Energy** Cells have many mitochondria for the energy required in active transport. Type I alveolar cells are thin for diffusion, Type II secrete surfactant. Mitochondria-rich cells for active reabsorption of materials. Podocytes and slit diaphragms in Bowman\'s capsule prevent protein loss. Additional lacteal absorb fat features Goblet cells secrete mucous Brunner's gland How different structures are suited for their functions.
