Formation of Modernity.pdf

CONTEMPORARY WORLD Slide 1 FORMATION OF MODERNITY Presented by: Jovee Agustin- Bagus, LPT, MBA  Learning Targets: Define Modernity Analyze the events that led to the period of Enlightenment Evaluate the effects of globalization on governments Evaluate v...

CONTEMPORARY WORLD Slide 1 FORMATION OF MODERNITY Presented by: Jovee Agustin- Bagus, LPT, MBA  Learning Targets: Define Modernity Analyze the events that led to the period of Enlightenment Evaluate the effects of globalization on governments Evaluate various definitions of culture  WHAT IS MODERNITY? In sociology, the transformation from a traditional, rural, agrarian society to a secular, urban, industrial society. (Britannica) economic, social, political, and cultural changes undergoing the comprehensive transformation of industrialization that societies become modern. Enlightenment and Social Sciences  French word “les lumières” English words lights or knowledge Ideas from the 18th – 19th Century The Enlightenment produced the first WHAT WAS THE ENLIGHTENMENT? modern secularized theories of psychology and ethics. John Locke conceived of the human mind as being at birth a tabula rasa, a blank slate on which experience wrote freely and boldly, creating the individual character according to the individual experience of the world. Characteristics of bundles of ideas An intellectual movement A belief system, world-view or Zeitgeist (spirit of the age)  These thinkers include men (there are almost no prominent women amongst them, for reasons to which we shall return) such as the Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) The Philosophes saw science as an ally in their common desire to combat religious intolerance, political injustice. Enlightenment was not simply the set of ideas In the century of the Enlightenment, educated Europeans awoke to a new sense of life. Fear of change Innovation The emergence of conservative ideas There seems to be a little doubt that in the struggle of man against nature the balance of power was shifting in favour of man (Gay, 1973) Creation of a new framework of ideas about man, society, and nature which rooted in the traditional view, Christianity. Philosophers Specialized disciplines by the free thinkers  SCIENCE was the supreme knowledge for the philosophes. It create secured truth based on observation and experiment Full immersion in scientific knowledge and practices. A number of central figures of the Enlightenment (David Hume, Jean d’ Alembert, Etienne de Condillac, and Immanuel Kant) made significant contributions to the philosophical understanding of science, and thus the acceptance of scientific method as the basis of understanding.  As an academic field of study developed out of the Age of Enlightenment (or the Age of Ancient Greeks. Reason), which flourished through much of the 18th century in Europe. Adam Smith, Voltaire, Immanuel Social Kant, and David Hume were among the big intellectuals at the time who laid the Social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that focus Sciences on how individuals behave foundations for the study of within society. social sciences in the Western World. Some social science majors include anthropology, psychology, political science, and economics. SOCIAL SCIENCES HUMAN NATURE and HUMAN SOCIETY  Thinking about the world to new forms of social culture Moving from traditional social order and a new set of beliefs. Knowledge depends upon the experience, reason and science. EMPIRICISM Empiricism, in philosophy, the view that all concepts originate in experience, that all concepts are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience.  POSITIVISM In Western philosophy, generally, any system that confines itself to the data of experience and excludes a priori or metaphysical speculations. More narrowly, the term designates the thought of the French philosopher Auguste Comte (1798–1857). Positivism is a philosophy in which people believe the goal of knowledge is only to describe what people experience, and that science should only study that which is measurable. Anything that is not measurable or experienced is irrelevant. Positivism is a theory that states all authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge Empiricism is a theory that states sense experience is the source and origin of all knowledge. What are your takeaways?